Kavanah whilst Davening and Lighting Candles for Yom Tov: Difference between pages

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In general, when performing a mitzvah one must have intent to fulfill that mitzvah (See [[Having Kavana for Mitzvot]]).
Many of the laws of lighting candles on [[Yom Tov]] are the same as for [[Shabbat]]. So this page is primarily for the halachot specific to candle lighting on [[Yom Tov]]. For the halachot that apply to lighting candles on [[Shabbat]], see the [[Shabbat Candles]] page.
Additionally, since one is reciting brachot when davening one must also ensure to have the right kavanah when reciting each brachah see [[Kavana During Brachot]].  


There are specific additional kavanot (intentions) one should have that are unique to [[davening]]:
==Bracha==
# Even though there are different minhagim about the order of lighting candles on Friday night, on Erev [[Yom Tov]] the Minhag Yisrael is to say the Bracha of Lehadlik Ner before lighting the candles.<ref> Machzik Bracha 263:4, Mishna Brurah 263:27, Kaf HaChaim 263:43, Sh"t Yacheve Daat 3:34, Chazon Ovadia Yom Tov p. 305. </ref>
# There is a Minhag of those who say [[Shehecheyanu]] before they light [[Yom Tov]] candles. However, many authorities hold that one shouldn't make a [[Shehecheyanu]] over the lighting at that time. Rather one should either say it after the lighting or wait until [[Kiddish]] to hear the bracha then.<ref> Rav Yacov Emden in Sh”t Sheilat Yavetz 1:107 writes that there’s a Minhag to say [[Shehecheyanu]] before lighting [[Yom Tov]] candles. However he expresses his wonderment about the Minhag considering that it lacks any source or basis expect it’s noting in the Kitzur Shlah or Eliyah Rabba. Nonetheless, he concludes that his wife actually had such a Minhag and he didn’t stop her from continuing the Minhag. Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yachave Daat 3:34 writes that it’s an improper Minhag based on the Leket Yosher (1 pg 49(3); a student of the Trumat HaDeshen) who implies this from the Or Zaruh 2 Hilchot Ever [[Shabbat]] 11. So hold many poskim quoted in Yacheve Daat including Chesed LeAlafim, Yafeh Lev, Petach Dvir, and Bet Ovad. Source Sheet: http://docs.google.com/View?id=dg37c33t_82f8tkwcz8 </ref>
# Some poskim advise that the women not say [[Shehechiyanu]] at the time of lighting candles, but rather to wait to hear it during the [[Kiddush]]. However, some poskim allow it.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/776128/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Reishit_Bikkurim:_A_Guide_to_Shavuot_Observance Rav Hershel Schachter in a published pamphlet about Hilchot Shavuot] (p. 4), [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecturedata/1076067/Piskei-Rav-Schachter:-Rain-on-the-First-Two-Nights-of-Sukkos Rav Hershel Schachter (Teshuva Tishrei 5784)] citing Rabbi Akiva Eiger on OC 263. However, Igrot Moshe OC 4:101:1 implies that it is our minhag that the women recite shehechiyanu at the time of kiddush and there's no problem with it.</ref>
# If on Shabbat Yom Tov the woman made a mistake and forgot to mention Shabbat and Yom Tov in the bracha she can't go back and recite another bracha.<ref>Leket Shichacha Vtaut p. 394 citing Shraga Hameir 2:6 because once the candles are lit there's no way to make another bracha (see Magen Avraham 263:11).</ref>
# One should make a Bracha of LeHadlik Ner Shel [[Yom Tov]] with Shem Umalchut for the lighting of the candles of [[Yom Tov]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 514:11, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:27, [http://www.halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=1998 Halacha Yomit] </ref>
# The accepted minhag is that a women say the [[brachot]] of hadlakat nerot prior to lighting candles of [[Yom Tov]].<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/776128/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Reishit_Bikkurim:_A_Guide_to_Shavuot_Observance Rav Hershel Schachter in a published pamphlet about Hilchot Shavuot] (p. 4)</ref>


==Proper Frame of Mind for Davening==
==Candle Lighting on Succot==
# One should not pray while one is in the state of sadness.<ref> Ben Ish Chai (Parshat Miketz, 5) </ref>
# It is a mitzva to light [[yom tov]] candles inside the Sukkah in order to enjoy the candlelight while eating. However, if there is any chance of them constituting a fire hazard, one must place the candles inside the home and eat by electric light.<ref> Chazon Ovadia, page 207 </ref>
# One should not begin to daven while in a state of laughter and levity; rather, one should enter davening with a state of seriousness ("koved rosh").
# Some women have the custom to light [[yom tov]] candles before [[yom tov]] has started, similar to [[Shabbat candles]]. Other women light [[yom tov]] candles just before [[Kiddush]]. It is preferable to light before [[yom tov]] begins.<ref> Chazon Ovadia, page 210 </ref>
# One should begin to pray with a sense of happiness in fulfilling the mitzva one is about to fulfill, similar to the joy one experiences when one is involved in the study and pursuit of Torah knowledge.  This is why we recite [[Pesukei DeZimrah]] and [[Tachanun,_Ashrei,_Aleinu,_Shir_Shel_Yom|Ashrei]] (words of Torah) before beginning [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]].<ref>Tosfot 31a s.v. Rabanan</ref>


==Bringing the Proper "Korban"==
==Time==
# Chazal tell us that "regardless of whether one brings a large korban or a small one, as long as one's intentions are for heaven (one's korban is accepted)." <ref> Menachot 110a </ref> The same idea applies to [[Tefillah]].<ref> Tur and Shulchan Aruch 1:4 write that it is preferable to pray a little with Kavanah than to pray a lot without Kavanah. </ref>
# It is preferable to light candles before Yom Tov rather than on Yom Tov.<ref>Mateh Efraim 625:33. [https://www.jewishpress.com/judaism/halacha-hashkafa/yom-tov-candles-obligation-or-violation/2021/05/13/ Rabbi Yaakov Hoffman] notes that nowadays that we have electric lights it is more important to light before Yom Tov with the lights off and then turn them on as opposed to lighting after Yom Tov begins and it is forbidden to turn off and on lights.</ref>
# Accordingly, if one can pray a lot with Kavanah or a little with Kavanah, clearly it is better to pray more. However if there are extenuating circumstances and it is not possible to pray a lot with Kavanah or one fears that if one prays more one will probably pray without Kavanah, one should pray less with Kavanah rather than more without Kavanah and it will be considered before Hashem as if one prayed a lot with Kavanah.<ref> Tur and Shulchan Aruch 1:4 write that it is preferable to pray a little with Kavanah than to pray a lot without Kavanah. Mishna Brurah 1:12 writes that clearly it is preferable to pray more with Kavanah than to pray less with Kavanah, however the Shulchan Aruch is talking about a case where such is not possible. Halacha Brurah 1:11 concurs. </ref>
==Second Day Yom Tov==
# Most poskim hold that one must light the candles for the second day of Yom Tov after nightfall because it is forbidden to prepare from one day of Yom Tov for the next.<ref> The son of the Prisha (Introduction to Prisha YD) quotes his mother as saying that on the second day of Yom Tov one must light after nightfall so as not to prepare from one day of Yom Tov for the next. The Levush 488 and Eliyah Rabba 488:7 argues that one may light before nightfall as long as it is getting dark out because the candles are beneficial even for the first day so that one can see better in the light. Mishna Brurah 514:33 agrees. Nitai Gavriel (Yom Tov v. 2, 15:3, p. 107) points out that the Eliyah Rabba would agree with the Prisha's mother in the common case where there are electric lights on and the candles doesn't make it easier to see.</ref>
# Usually it is strongly recommended by the poskim to turn off the electric lights before lighting and then turn them on after and as part of one's lighting. However, when lighting for the second day of Yom Tov or a Shabbat when Friday is a Yom Tov it isn't possible to light in the dining room while it is dark and then turn on the electric lights. Therefore, a few solutions are suggested:
## Some recommend setting a timer to turn off the lights at the time when one will need to light Yom Tov or Shabbat candles. Then the timer will turn back on the electric lights.<Ref>Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 217 quoting Beer Moshe 5:64:86, 5:115:11, and 8:62, Yalkut Yosef 5772 Shabbat v. 1 Sh"t n. 4, [https://www.jewishpress.com/judaism/halacha-hashkafa/yom-tov-candles-obligation-or-violation/2021/05/13/ Rabbi Yaakov Hoffman]</ref>
## Another solution is to light in a dark room, such as a bedroom, and use the light of the candles there for a few minutes. Afterwards if one wants to move them to where one is eating one may do so on Yom Tov but not on Shabbat.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 217 quoting Beer Moshe 5:64:86, 5:115:11, and 8:62</ref>
## Some hold not to light Yom Tov Sheni candles at all nowadays.<ref>Rav Hershel Schachter's opinion as cited by [https://www.jewishpress.com/judaism/halacha-hashkafa/yom-tov-candles-obligation-or-violation/2021/05/13/ Rabbi Yaakov Hoffman]</ref>
## Some allow lighting even though the electric lights are already lit.<ref>See [[Shabbat_Candles#Where_to_light]]</ref>


==Sources==
==Sources==
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[[Category:Prayer]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Sukkot]]
{{Pesach}}

Revision as of 14:11, 29 September 2023

Many of the laws of lighting candles on Yom Tov are the same as for Shabbat. So this page is primarily for the halachot specific to candle lighting on Yom Tov. For the halachot that apply to lighting candles on Shabbat, see the Shabbat Candles page.

Bracha

  1. Even though there are different minhagim about the order of lighting candles on Friday night, on Erev Yom Tov the Minhag Yisrael is to say the Bracha of Lehadlik Ner before lighting the candles.[1]
  2. There is a Minhag of those who say Shehecheyanu before they light Yom Tov candles. However, many authorities hold that one shouldn't make a Shehecheyanu over the lighting at that time. Rather one should either say it after the lighting or wait until Kiddish to hear the bracha then.[2]
  3. Some poskim advise that the women not say Shehechiyanu at the time of lighting candles, but rather to wait to hear it during the Kiddush. However, some poskim allow it.[3]
  4. If on Shabbat Yom Tov the woman made a mistake and forgot to mention Shabbat and Yom Tov in the bracha she can't go back and recite another bracha.[4]
  5. One should make a Bracha of LeHadlik Ner Shel Yom Tov with Shem Umalchut for the lighting of the candles of Yom Tov.[5]
  6. The accepted minhag is that a women say the brachot of hadlakat nerot prior to lighting candles of Yom Tov.[6]

Candle Lighting on Succot

  1. It is a mitzva to light yom tov candles inside the Sukkah in order to enjoy the candlelight while eating. However, if there is any chance of them constituting a fire hazard, one must place the candles inside the home and eat by electric light.[7]
  2. Some women have the custom to light yom tov candles before yom tov has started, similar to Shabbat candles. Other women light yom tov candles just before Kiddush. It is preferable to light before yom tov begins.[8]

Time

  1. It is preferable to light candles before Yom Tov rather than on Yom Tov.[9]

Second Day Yom Tov

  1. Most poskim hold that one must light the candles for the second day of Yom Tov after nightfall because it is forbidden to prepare from one day of Yom Tov for the next.[10]
  2. Usually it is strongly recommended by the poskim to turn off the electric lights before lighting and then turn them on after and as part of one's lighting. However, when lighting for the second day of Yom Tov or a Shabbat when Friday is a Yom Tov it isn't possible to light in the dining room while it is dark and then turn on the electric lights. Therefore, a few solutions are suggested:
    1. Some recommend setting a timer to turn off the lights at the time when one will need to light Yom Tov or Shabbat candles. Then the timer will turn back on the electric lights.[11]
    2. Another solution is to light in a dark room, such as a bedroom, and use the light of the candles there for a few minutes. Afterwards if one wants to move them to where one is eating one may do so on Yom Tov but not on Shabbat.[12]
    3. Some hold not to light Yom Tov Sheni candles at all nowadays.[13]
    4. Some allow lighting even though the electric lights are already lit.[14]

Sources

  1. ↑ Machzik Bracha 263:4, Mishna Brurah 263:27, Kaf HaChaim 263:43, Sh"t Yacheve Daat 3:34, Chazon Ovadia Yom Tov p. 305.
  2. ↑ Rav Yacov Emden in Sh”t Sheilat Yavetz 1:107 writes that there’s a Minhag to say Shehecheyanu before lighting Yom Tov candles. However he expresses his wonderment about the Minhag considering that it lacks any source or basis expect it’s noting in the Kitzur Shlah or Eliyah Rabba. Nonetheless, he concludes that his wife actually had such a Minhag and he didn’t stop her from continuing the Minhag. Rav Ovadyah Yosef in Sh”t Yachave Daat 3:34 writes that it’s an improper Minhag based on the Leket Yosher (1 pg 49(3); a student of the Trumat HaDeshen) who implies this from the Or Zaruh 2 Hilchot Ever Shabbat 11. So hold many poskim quoted in Yacheve Daat including Chesed LeAlafim, Yafeh Lev, Petach Dvir, and Bet Ovad. Source Sheet: http://docs.google.com/View?id=dg37c33t_82f8tkwcz8
  3. ↑ Rav Hershel Schachter in a published pamphlet about Hilchot Shavuot (p. 4), Rav Hershel Schachter (Teshuva Tishrei 5784) citing Rabbi Akiva Eiger on OC 263. However, Igrot Moshe OC 4:101:1 implies that it is our minhag that the women recite shehechiyanu at the time of kiddush and there's no problem with it.
  4. ↑ Leket Shichacha Vtaut p. 394 citing Shraga Hameir 2:6 because once the candles are lit there's no way to make another bracha (see Magen Avraham 263:11).
  5. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 514:11, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:27, Halacha Yomit
  6. ↑ Rav Hershel Schachter in a published pamphlet about Hilchot Shavuot (p. 4)
  7. ↑ Chazon Ovadia, page 207
  8. ↑ Chazon Ovadia, page 210
  9. ↑ Mateh Efraim 625:33. Rabbi Yaakov Hoffman notes that nowadays that we have electric lights it is more important to light before Yom Tov with the lights off and then turn them on as opposed to lighting after Yom Tov begins and it is forbidden to turn off and on lights.
  10. ↑ The son of the Prisha (Introduction to Prisha YD) quotes his mother as saying that on the second day of Yom Tov one must light after nightfall so as not to prepare from one day of Yom Tov for the next. The Levush 488 and Eliyah Rabba 488:7 argues that one may light before nightfall as long as it is getting dark out because the candles are beneficial even for the first day so that one can see better in the light. Mishna Brurah 514:33 agrees. Nitai Gavriel (Yom Tov v. 2, 15:3, p. 107) points out that the Eliyah Rabba would agree with the Prisha's mother in the common case where there are electric lights on and the candles doesn't make it easier to see.
  11. ↑ Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 217 quoting Beer Moshe 5:64:86, 5:115:11, and 8:62, Yalkut Yosef 5772 Shabbat v. 1 Sh"t n. 4, Rabbi Yaakov Hoffman
  12. ↑ Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 217 quoting Beer Moshe 5:64:86, 5:115:11, and 8:62
  13. ↑ Rav Hershel Schachter's opinion as cited by Rabbi Yaakov Hoffman
  14. ↑ See Shabbat_Candles#Where_to_light
Time Topic
Before Pesach
Month of Nissan - Shabbat HaGadol - Bedikat Chametz - Biur Chametz - Bitul Chametz - Tanit Bechorot - Erev Pesach - Selling Chametz - Erev Pesach That Fell out on Shabbat - Candle Lighting on Yom Tov - Kashering the kitchen for Pesach - Which foods, medications, cosmetics, and toiletries are Chametz? - Kitniyot - Chametz of a non-Jew - Owning Chametz on Pesach
Kaddesh - Urchatz - Karpas - Yachatz - Maggid - Rachsa - Motzei Matzah - Maror - Korech - Shulchan Orech - Tzafun - Barech - Hallel of the Seder - Nirtzah - Kriyat Shema Al HaMitah
- Setting the Table (The Seder plate) - Arvit of the night of Pesach - Leaning during the Seder - Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder - The four cups of wine - Matzah
After Pesach
Issru Chag - Chametz which a Jew owned on Pesach - Pesach Sheni
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