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| ==Non-Muktzeh== | | ==Categories and Subcategories of Muktzeh== |
| * Food <ref> S”A 308:4 </ref>
| | There are four primary categories of muktzah, and two secondary categories. These categories fit into two general classes: |
| * Sefarim (books containing holy matter) <ref> S”A 308:4 </ref>
| | #Items which are useless (absolute Muktzeh) |
| * wrist watch (mechanical <ref> Mishna Brurah 308:168 writes that mechanical wrist and pocket watches are non-Muktzeh. Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 20 writes that a self-winding watch is also non-Muktzeh. </ref> or electric <ref>Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 20-21) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein writes that electric wrist watches are non-Muktzeh and one doesn’t need to cover the buttons unless one feels that one will hit a button </ref>) as long as it works <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:59, Rav Elyashiv quoted by Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 21) consider non-working watches to be Muktzeh, however, Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 21) based on Kaf HaChaim 308:277 and Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308) write that for a person who would wear the watch as jewelry and wear it even if it wasn’t working, the watch is considered non-muktzah </ref>
| | #Items that are used for a prohibited purpose (partial Muktzeh) |
| * alarm clocks <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 28:54 </ref>
| | Items in the first category are generally useless and may not be used at all on Shabbat. That being the case, items that are ''absolutely Muktzeh'' are prohibited from being moved for any purpose. On the other hand, items which are used on occasion are in the second category. Items that are partially Muktzeh may be moved if the item itself is needed or its place is needed. <Ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 335) breaks up Muktzeh into two general categories, severe Muktzeh and light Muktzeh. Rav Hershel Schachter in a [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/788481/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Hilchos_Muktze shiur on yutorah.org entitled "Hilchos Muktze" (min 16-9)] explained that there's two categories within Muktzeh. One is a set of items that are completely Muktzeh (Muktzeh Gamur) and one is a set of items that may not be moved because of a prohibited use (Isur Tiltul). </ref> |
| * (baby) rattle as long as it’s moved without it making noise <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein, however, Shalmei Yehuda (pg 91) in name of Rav Elyashiv considers this Kli SheMelachto LeIssur </ref>
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| * baseball bat, glove and mit <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * chess <ref> Shalmei Yehuda in name of Rav Elyashiv (pg 91) </ref>
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| * handball racket <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * pingpong racket <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * racquetball racket <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * tennis racket <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * toy phone as long as it’s moved without it making noise <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * musical toy as long as it’s moved without it making noise <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * talking doll as long as it’s moved without it making noise <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * whistle as long as it’s moved without it making noise <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 26) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein, however, Shalmei Yehuda (pg 91) in name of Rav Elyashiv considers this Kli SheMelachto LeIssur </ref>
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| | '''Basic Principals of Muktzeh''' |
| | * [[General laws of Muktzeh]] |
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| | '''Primary Categories of Muktzeh''' |
| | * [[Muktzeh Machmat Chisaron Kis]] ([[Delicate items]]) |
| | * [[Muktzeh Machmat Gufo]] ([[Useless Items]]) |
| | * [[Kli SheMelachto LeIsser]] ([[Partially Muktzeh items]]) |
| | ** Included in this is [[Shivrei Kelim]] ([[Broken or one time use items]]) |
| | * [[Bosis]] ([[A Base To Hold Muktzeh]]) |
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| ==Severe Muktzeh==
| | '''Secondary Categories of Muktzeh''' |
| ===What’s considered severe Muktzeh?===
| | * [[Nolad]] ([[Items That Came into Existence on Shabbat]]) |
| # The following items are included in the severe Muktzeh category:
| | * [[Muktzeh Machmat Mitzvato]] ([[Items Designated for a Mitzvah]]) |
| * items that are non-utensils or have no function
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| * items that are precious or delicate and wouldn’t be used for a permitted activity
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| ==Muktzeh Machmat Gufo/Issuro==
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| ===Examples===
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| * animals <ref> S”A 308:39 </ref>
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| * bars of soap <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(15), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Tikkunim UMiluim (pg 32), Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 158) </ref>
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| * bicycles <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref>
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| * cameras <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * detergent <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * eye-shadow <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * flour <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * glue <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * light bulbs <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * matches <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein consider matches to be Muktzeh machmat gufo, see Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata pg 154, and Shalmei Yehuda pg 74 </ref> | |
| * mascara <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * money <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref> | |
| *nutshells <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * raw barley <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * rolls of silver foil or toilet paper <ref> Shalmei Yehuda pg 98, 171 writes that it’s Muktzeh because Muktzeh Machmat Issuro</ref>
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| * shaanetz clothes <ref> S”A 308:47 </ref>
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| * scrabble <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 24) considers it keli sh’melachto le’issur since it’s a game which involves writing down the score. </ref>
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| * Vaseline <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| * toothpaste <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 337) </ref>
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| ===When severe muktzah may be moved===
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| # It’s permitted to move a severe Muktzeh item for any of the follow reasons:
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| * item is foul-smelling or disgusting
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| * item is a safety hazard
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| * item is at risk of being stolen
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| * for human dignity
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| | '''Disputed Categories of Muktzeh''' |
| | * [[Kli SheKol Melachto LeIssur]] ([[Items Used Entirely for a Prohibited Activity]]) |
| | * [[Balls and games]] |
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| ==Light Muktzeh==
| | '''Subcategories that are not Muktzeh at all''' |
| ===What’s considered light Muktzeh?===
| | * [[Kli SheMelachto LeHeter]] ([[Non-muktzeh items]]) |
| # The following items are included in the light Muktzeh category:
| | * [[Muktzeh Machmat Miyus]] ([[Disgusting Items]]) |
| * items that are primarily used for prohibited activities on Shabbat but have at least one permitted use on Shabbat
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| * items that are designated for a mitzvah
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| ==Kli SheMelachato LeIssur==
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| ===Examples===
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| * blocks (toy) <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein since they are designated for children’s use and other permitted uses. </ref>
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| * cars <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 5:22(11), Shalmei Yehuda (pg 201) </ref>
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| * car keys <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 202) considers car keys to be light Muktzeh, while Tikkunim UMiluim (pg 254) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as saying it’s severe Muktzeh if the light will turn on if the door is opened. </ref>
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| * combs <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * crayons <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * empty wallets <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * empty kettles <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) considers it’s Kli SheMelachto LeIssur (light Muktzeh) </ref> | |
| * empty pots <ref>Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 98) considers it non-Muktzeh, while Rabbi Zilber (Sh”t Az Nidabru 9:20) and Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 46) considers it Muktzeh as Kli SheMelachto LeIssur.</ref>
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| * fans <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 5:22(22), 3:49, however Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 51) doesn’t consider a fan Muktzeh at all </ref>
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| * flashlights <ref> Zachor VeShamor 41:4 considers flashlights light Muktzeh, while Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 55) considers it severe Muktzeh </ref> | |
| * garden hoses <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * hammers <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * lego (toy) <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein since they are designated for children’s use, and Shalmei Yehuda (pg 90) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that since it could be given to a child to play with (without putting them together) it’s considered Keli SheMelachato LeIssur. </ref>
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| * mops and pails <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * pens <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 5:22(32), Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 197), see also Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata pg 234 </ref>
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| * pencil sharpeners <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * potato peelers <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * rolling pins <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * rulers <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * scales <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * scissors <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * screwdrivers <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * staplers <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * store catalogs <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 5:22(19) </ref>
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| * telephone books <ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata pg 239(?) </ref>
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| * toasters <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| * tricycles <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 24) in name of Rav Moshe Feinstein since they are designated for children’s use. </ref>
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| * whistles <ref> The Weekly Halacha Discussion (vol 2 pg 338) </ref>
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| ===When light Muktzeh may be moved===
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| # An item of light Muktzeh status may be moved either
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| ## to be used for its permitted use or
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| ## because its space is needed.
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| # Many authorities hold that a light Muktzeh item shouldn’t be used if there’s a permitted item available that serves the same function. <Ref> Igrot Moshe O”C 5:21(12) explaining Mishna Brurah 308:12 </ref>
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| # Many authorities hold that moving a light Muktzeh to clean up clutter isn’t considered moving an item because its space is needed and therefore it’s forbidden to move a light Muktzeh item just to declutter. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 5:22-31, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 20:10, Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 11), Sh”t Az Nidabru all hold that moving an item to clean up clutter isn’t considered moving an item because its space is needed. However, the Machazeh Eliyahu 46 is lenient. <ref/>
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| ==Items that a matter of debate==
| | '''Related Pages''' |
| ===items that are either severe or light Muktzeh===
| | * [[Prohibition To Make an Item Muktzeh]] ([[Bitel Kli Mehechano]]) |
| * unused candles
| | * [[Muktzeh on Yom Tov]] |
| * unused candlesticks
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| * lipstick | |
| * copy paper
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| some consider it light Muktzeh <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 5:22(28,32) </ref>
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| some consider it severe Muktzeh <ref> Mishna Brurah 308:34 in name of the Yaavetz, Chazon Ish 44:13 </ref>
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| Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda(pg 180) considers nails and screw in this category as well, while Zachor VeShamor considers nails and screws as severe Muktzeh.
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| One may be lenient for this category if there’s an aextenuating circumstance <ref>Shalmei Yehuda (pg 19) in name of Rav Elyashiv and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 2:32, Sh”T Az Nidbaru 8:67, Zachor VeShamor 41:4 </ref>
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| ===items that are either severe or non-Muktzeh===
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| * a play-ball <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 308) says one should follow S”A 308:45 that considers all balls to be Muktzeh, while Shevut Yitzchak (pg 89) quotes Rav Elyashiv who says that S”A would agree that the modern play-ball is non-Muktzeh. However, for Ashkenazim the Rama 308:45 certainly considers balls to be non-Muktzeh. So holds Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted by Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 22 note 16) and Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 91). </ref>
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| * pictures on the wall <ref> Chazon Ish 43:17 considers it severe Muktzeh, while Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:21(13), 22(12) considers it non-Muktzeh) </ref> | |
| * clocks on the wall <ref> Chazon Ish 43:17 considers it severe Muktzeh, while Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:21(13), 22(12) considers it non-Muktzeh) </ref>
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| * buttons that fell off clothes <ref> Mishna Brurah 308:35 seems to hold that buttons are non-Muktzeh, while Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(20) holds it’s severe Muktzeh. Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 80) hold it’s non-Muktzeh but say it’s proper to be strict in this case. </ref>
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| * fresh snow <ref> Rav Elyashiv in Shalmei Yehuda (pg 203) and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata consider snow to be non-Muktzeh, while Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:22(37) and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 13) consider it severe Muktzeh. </ref>
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| * Jigsaw puzzles <ref> Sefer Tiltulei Shabbat (pg 25 note 24) considers puzzles to be Keli SheMelachto LeIssur as it’s forbidden to put together a puzzle on Shabbat. So writes Shalmei Yehuda (pg 90) quotes Rav Elyashiv. </ref>
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| ==Delicate items== | | ==Sources== |
| * shofar <ref> Shalmei Yehuda (pg 32) quoting Rav Elyashiv and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (pg 361) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach </ref>
| | <references/> |
| | | [[Category:Shabbat]] |
| ==Items designated for a mitzvah==
| | [[Category:Muktzeh]] |
| * lulav <ref> Mishna Brurah 308:25 writes that a lulav is Muktzeh as it’s not a utensil </ref>
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