When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions

# One can only say [[Korbanot]] during the day, meaning after [[Olot HaShachar]] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref>S”A 1:6. </ref>

# In cases of need, such as a worker who needs to daven early, one can say [[Korbanot]] from 96 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 1:16 (based on Sh”t Yacheve Daat 2:8) writes that in cases of need (for example a worker who needs to daven early) it is possible to say [[Korbanot]] 96 minutes before [[HaNetz]]. </ref>

# The earliest time to say Baruch SheAmar is [[Olot HaShachar]] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 1:16 </ref>

# The earliest time that one can put on [[Tallit]] is [[MeSheYakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 18:3 rules that the time to make the bracha on [[Tallit]] is from [[MeSheYakir]]. There is a dispute among the achronim about when exactly [[MeSheYakir]] is. Because of [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]], Halacha Brurah 18:6 one may not make the bracha earlier than a fifth of an hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) after [[Olot HaShachar]]. </ref>

# One should avoid saying Yotzer Or before misheyakir.<ref>Mishnah Berurah 58:17. Piskei Teshuvot (58:10) notes that some are lenient when it is unavoidable. However, Beiur Halakha (s.v. Zeman Kriat Shema) notes that this discussion may be irrelevant for men if they are going to only say Pesukei D’zimra before misheyakir and say the berakha on Tzitzit and Tefillin before Yotzer Or, and certainly it is preferable to not begin davening until one can make the berakha on Tzitzit and Tefillin.</ref>

#One who cannot avoid reciting Shema before misheyakir may do so after alot hashachar.<ref>Shulchan Arukh OC 58:3.</ref>However, one may do so from alot hashachar at the earliest.<ref>Shulchan Arukh 89:1, 8. Mishnah Berurah (89:4) notes that this may be lekhatchila for those who have no other choice, but for one who could say Shemoneh Esrei later he would only fulfill his obligation b’diavad by davening early.</ref> One may certainly say Shemone Esrei after misheyakir, even if it is before sunrise.<ref> Piskei Teshuvot 89:4</ref>

==Times for Shacharit==

===Earliest Time===

==Times for Mincha==

===Earliest Time===

# If one prayed prior to six and a half hours, according to many one has not fulfilled one’s obligation, however, some say that one has fulfilled one's obligation after the fact. <ref> Mishna Brurah 233:2 writes that this is implied from Shulchan Aruch 233:1 (and is agreed upon by many achronim), however there are some achronim who say that after the fact one has fulfilled one’s obligation. Kaf HaChaim 233:2 quotes the dispute of the achronim but concludes that because [[Tefillah]] is derabbanan one does not have to pray again. </ref>

===Latest Time for Mincha===

====After Sunset====  

===Tachanun===

# Therefore, the regular minhag of the world is to pray mincha until sunset. Accordingly, one may only begin to pray maariv after sunset. In extenuating circumstances, one can pray maariv before sunset if that day he prayed mincha before plag hamincha. The reason that works is because even though usually he follows the Rabbanan today he followed Rabbi Yehuda. <Ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref>

# If the only minyan for maariv available is davening before sunset after plag hamincha one should daven with them and repeat Shema after Tzet Hakochavim. Some would say to skip birchot kriyat shema and repeat them after tzet hakochavim with shema.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though one won't fulfill one's obligation of Shema and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say Shema with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip Brachot Kriyat Shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards.  He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref>

===Early Maariv on Friday Night===

# Regarding praying [[Arvit]] early on Friday night see [[Making early Shabbat]].

===Latest Time===

# After the fact, one may pray [[Arvit]] all night until [[Olot HaShachar]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 70:2</ref>