Rosh Hashana: Difference between revisions
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==Customs of Erev Rosh Hashana== | ==Customs of Erev Rosh Hashana== | ||
# There are five main customs observed on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]: 1) [[Laundering]] one's clothing. 2) Cutting one's hair. 3) Dipping in the mikveh. 4) Visiting the cemetery. 5) Giving [[tzedaka]]. <ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama OC 581:4. <br> | |||
'''Fresh Clothing and Haircuts''' | |||
This is based on the Yerushalmi Rosh Hashana 1:3 writes that unlike a typical person who is getting ready for judgment, the Jewish people wear fancy, white clothing and get haircuts because we have confidence in God's kindness and the outcome of the decision. </ref> | |||
===Tachanun=== | |||
# [[Tachanun]] is not recited on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]] for [[Shacharit]] or [[Mincha]], even though during [[Selichot]] which are said by night or at least before [[Netz]] Hachama we do recite the yud gimmel [[middot]] and the nefilat apayim.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 581:3, Kaf HaChaim on Shulchan Arukh, OC 581:73, Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim page 46). <br> | |||
Mishna Brura 581:23 adds based on the Magen Avraham that even if the Selichot continue past Alot Hashachar, since they are typically said before that you would recite the Tachanun during Selichot. Kaf Hachaim 581:73 agrees. </ref> | |||
# On the day before [[Erev Rosh Hashana]], [[tachanun]] is recited at [[mincha]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim page 21), Kaf Hachayim 581:74, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 46 </ref> | |||
# We do not blow the [[shofar]] on Erev Rosh Hashana and if one needs to practice blowing for the holiday, he should do so in a private room. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 21 </ref> | |||
===Lashes=== | |||
# Some have the custom of receiving lashes on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]], while others do so on [[Erev Yom Kippur]].<ref>Kaf HaChaim 581:58</ref> | |||
#Some have the custom of receiving lashes on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]], while others do so on [[Erev Yom Kippur]].<ref>Kaf HaChaim 581:58</ref> | |||
===Visiting the Cemetery=== | ===Visiting the Cemetery=== | ||
# Some have the custom to visit the grave-sites of righteous people on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref>Rama 581:4. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 128:13 points out that we are obviously not praying to the dead people themselves as that would be Avoda Zara, but rather that Hashem perform kindness and listen to our [[prayers]] thanks to the merit of these great tzaddikim. Mishna Brurah 581:27 and Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 52, as well as the Sefer Ikarim 4:35 write likewise. see [https://torah.org/torah-portion/weekly-halacha-5771-terumah/ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt] for a lengthy discussion</ref> | |||
#Some have the custom to visit the grave-sites of righteous people on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]. <ref> | |||
===Fasting on Erev Rosh Hashana=== | ===Fasting on Erev Rosh Hashana=== | ||
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===Dipping in the Mikveh=== | ===Dipping in the Mikveh=== | ||
# The custom is to dip in a mikveh on Erev Rosh Hashana in honor of Rosh Hashana. <ref> Rama 581:4 </ref>However this isn't required according to the law and therefore a beracha isn't recited and the laws aren't as strict. <ref>Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia pg. 57 and Halichot Olam 2: page 225), Moed Likol Chai 12:11 based on the Rosh (Yoma 8:24) who quotes Rav Saadya Gaon who says to recite a beracha on going to the mikveh on Erev Yom Kippur and argues strongly. <br> | |||
#The custom is to dip in a mikveh on | see Chazon Ovadia pg. 59 in the note where he writes that if it is difficult for someone on Erev Rosh Hashana, can be lenient since the Shulchan Aruch only mentions the custom to go on Erev Yom Kippur</ref> If one cannot make it to a mikveh, he should try to spill 9 kav (approximately 12 liters) of water over himself, even if in the shower. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 22, Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim page 51, 57). </ref> | ||
#A woman within her seven clean days | # A woman within her seven clean days of[[niddah]] and single women shouldn't go to the mikveh on Erev Rosh Hashana or Erev Yom Kippur. <ref>Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 59, although the Magen Avraham O.C. 606:8 does mention a practice of single women to go to the mikveh on Erev Yom Kippur for teshuva. </ref> | ||
===Hatarat Nedarim=== | ===Hatarat Nedarim=== | ||
see [[Hatarat_Nedarim#Yamim_Noraim|Hatarat Nedarim - Yamim Noraim]] | see [[Hatarat_Nedarim#Yamim_Noraim|Hatarat Nedarim - Yamim Noraim]] | ||
==Candle | ==Candle Lighting== | ||
see [[Hadlakat_Nerot_of_Yom_Tov|Hadlakat Nerot of Yom Tov]] | |||
#The beracha on candle lighting for Rosh Hashana is "''Baruch Attah... LeHadlik Ner Shel Yom Tov''", without mention of "''Yom Hazikaron''." <ref>Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 62. see there where he writes that it wouldn't be a problem of a [[hefsek]] between the beracha and the candle lighting to mention yom hazikaron, but lechatchila one shouldn't do say it. </ref> | # The beracha on candle lighting for Rosh Hashana is "''Baruch Attah... LeHadlik Ner Shel Yom Tov''", without mention of "''Yom Hazikaron''." <ref>Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 62. see there where he writes that it wouldn't be a problem of a [[hefsek]] between the beracha and the candle lighting to mention yom hazikaron, but lechatchila one shouldn't do say it. </ref> | ||
# When Rosh Hashana falls out on a Friday night, the beracha for candle lighting is Lehadlik Ner shel Shabbat ViYom Tov.<ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 62 </ref> | |||
# Sephardic women do not recite Shehecheyanu when lighting candles. Instead, they should have in mind to fulfill their obligation when they listen to Shehecheyanu during Kiddush.<ref> Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 62 and Shu"t Yechave Daat 3:34), Chesed La'alafim 263:5 </ref> Most ashkenaz women do recite shehecheyanu with candle lighting.<ref> see [https://www.torahmusings.com/2014/10/yom-tov-candles-women-shehecheyanu/ Rabbi Ari Enkin] </ref> | |||
==Prayers of Rosh Hashanah== | ==Prayers of Rosh Hashanah== | ||
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==Second Day of Rosh Hashana== | ==Second Day of Rosh Hashana== | ||
#In Kiddush of the second day of Rosh Hashana one should recite Shehechiyanu. Since it is a dispute whether we should include Shechiyanu it is proper to have a new fruit or wear a new garment and have that in mind while saying Shehechiyanu.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 600:2</ref> | # In Kiddush of the second day of Rosh Hashana one should recite Shehechiyanu. Since it is a dispute whether we should include Shechiyanu it is proper to have a new fruit or wear a new garment and have that in mind while saying Shehechiyanu.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 600:2, [https://itorah.com/pdf/halachot-on-the-holiday-of-rosh-hashana/3 Rabbi Eli Mansour ]pg. 10</ref> | ||
#Some poskim hold that the new fruit should be tasted after kiddush before the Netilat Yadayim and Hamotzei.<ref>Machasit Hashekel 600:22</ref> However, others say one can wait until the meal.<ref>Rav Elyashiv (cited by Ashrei Haish 3:14:4 and Dirshu)</ref> | # Some poskim hold that the new fruit should be tasted after kiddush before the Netilat Yadayim and Hamotzei.<ref>Machasit Hashekel 600:22</ref> However, others say one can wait until the meal.<ref>Rav Elyashiv (cited by Ashrei Haish 3:14:4 and Dirshu)</ref> | ||
==Simanim (Symbolic Foods)== | ==Simanim (Symbolic Foods)== | ||
===Which Meals=== | ===Which Meals=== | ||
#There is a custom to eat certain fruits and vegetables as a good omen for the coming year on both nights of Rosh Hashana.<ref>The Gemara (Horayot 12a) says that a person should see gourds, fenugreek, leek, beets, and dates (though these definitions are the subject of controversy) on Rosh Hashana as a good omen. The Gemara (Keritut 6a) records the same statement with the text that a person should eat these fruits and vegetables as a good omen. Beit Yosef 583:1 notes the different versions and rules in Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 583:1 that a person should eat these foods as a good omen. Kaf HaChaim 583:6 writes that if one can’t eat a certain food, he may just look at it and say the Yehi Ratzon nonetheless. Nitei Gavriel 29:24 agrees.</ref> | # There is a custom to eat certain fruits and vegetables as a good omen for the coming year on both nights of Rosh Hashana.<ref>The Gemara (Horayot 12a) says that a person should see gourds, fenugreek, leek, beets, and dates (though these definitions are the subject of controversy) on Rosh Hashana as a good omen. The Gemara (Keritut 6a) records the same statement with the text that a person should eat these fruits and vegetables as a good omen. Beit Yosef 583:1 notes the different versions and rules in Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 583:1 that a person should eat these foods as a good omen.</ref> If one cannot, for whatever reason, eat one of the foods, he can simply point to the food and recite the Yehi Ratzon.<ref> Kaf HaChaim 583:6 writes that if one can’t eat a certain food, he may just look at it and say the Yehi Ratzon nonetheless. Nitei Gavriel 29:24 agrees.</ref> | ||
#Some have this minhag only the first night, but most do both nights.<ref>Eliyah Rabba 583:1 writes that the minhag is to eat simanim on both nights of Rosh Hashana. Machazik Bracha 583:2, Chazon Ovadyah (p. 93), Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:266 Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 29, Halichot Olam 2:[g. 227 and Rivevot Efraim 6:308:1 agree. However, Bnei Yisaschar 2:11 and Eishel Avraham MeButchach 583 explain the minhag of eating the simanim only on the first night of Rosh Hashana. Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 583:1 fn. 479) notes both traditions.</ref> | # Some have this minhag only the first night, but most do both nights.<ref>Eliyah Rabba 583:1 writes that the minhag is to eat simanim on both nights of Rosh Hashana. Machazik Bracha 583:2, Chazon Ovadyah (p. 93), Teshuvot VeHanhagot 2:266 Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 29, Halichot Olam 2:[g. 227 and Rivevot Efraim 6:308:1 agree. However, Bnei Yisaschar 2:11 and Eishel Avraham MeButchach 583 explain the minhag of eating the simanim only on the first night of Rosh Hashana. Magen Avot (Orach Chaim 583:1 fn. 479) notes both traditions.</ref> | ||
===At Which Point in the Meal=== | ===At Which Point in the Meal=== | ||
