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Reference of Measurements in Halacha: Difference between revisions

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Reference of Measurements in Halacha (view source)

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# According to the Chazon Ish, the [[Amah]] is 24 inches (60.96 centimeters), the [[Tefach]] is 4 inches (10.16 centimeters), and the Etzbah is 1 inch (2.54 centimeters). <ref> Shiurin shel Torah (pg 3) by the Steipler quoting the Chazon Ish but admitting that these are approximate measures because of the need to publicize the measures but not an accurate calculation. </ref>
# According to the Chazon Ish, the [[Amah]] is 24 inches (60.96 centimeters), the [[Tefach]] is 4 inches (10.16 centimeters), and the Etzbah is 1 inch (2.54 centimeters). <ref> Shiurin shel Torah (pg 3) by the Steipler quoting the Chazon Ish but admitting that these are approximate measures because of the need to publicize the measures but not an accurate calculation. </ref>
==Mil==
==Mil==
# When [[Mil]] is given in terms of time, some consider it 18 minutes, some 22.5 minutes, and some 24 minutes. <ref>S"A 459:2 writes that the [[mil]] is 18 minutes. Rama 261:1 agrees. Beiur Halacha 459:2 s.v. Haviy quotes some who consider it 22.5 minutes and others who say that it is 24 minutes.</ref>
# When [[Mil]] is given in terms of time, some consider it 18 minutes, some 22.5 minutes, and some 24 minutes. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 459:2 writes that the [[mil]] is 18 minutes. Rama 261:1 agrees. Beiur Halacha 459:2 s.v. Haviy quotes some who consider it 22.5 minutes and others who say that it is 24 minutes.</ref>
# When [[Mil]] is given in terms of distance it is equal to 2000 [[Amot]]. <ref>Rashi Yoma 67a s.v. shivah and Tosfot Shabbat 34b s.v. safek write that a mil is 2000 amot. S"A 261:2 writes that 3/4 of a [[mil]] is equal to 1500 [[amot]], implying a [[mil]] is 2000 [[amot]]. [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=15883#3b Rabbi Melamed on yeshiva.org.il] writes that a [[mil]] is 2000 [[amot]].</ref>
# When [[Mil]] is given in terms of distance it is equal to 2000 [[Amot]]. <ref>Rashi Yoma 67a s.v. shivah and Tosfot Shabbat 34b s.v. safek write that a mil is 2000 amot. Shulchan Aruch 261:2 writes that 3/4 of a [[mil]] is equal to 1500 [[amot]], implying a [[mil]] is 2000 [[amot]]. [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=15883#3b Rabbi Melamed on yeshiva.org.il] writes that a [[mil]] is 2000 [[amot]].</ref>


==Revi'it==
==Revi'it==
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==Toch Kedi Dibbur==
==Toch Kedi Dibbur==
# [[Kedi Dibbur]] is the time it takes to say Shalom Alecha Rebbe. <ref>Kitzur S"A (Klalim s.v. Kedi)</ref>
# [[Kedi Dibbur]] is the time it takes to say Shalom Alecha Rebbe. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch (Klalim s.v. Kedi)</ref>
# [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] is less than the time it takes to say Shalom Alecha Rebbe.<ref>Kitzur S"A (Klalim s.v. Kedi)</ref>
# [[Toch Kedi Dibbur]] is less than the time it takes to say Shalom Alecha Rebbe.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch (Klalim s.v. Kedi)</ref>


==Kdei Aniva==
==Kdei Aniva==
# There are several opinions about how long Kdei Aniva is, however, one doesn't need to be strict to consider it to be longer than 2 gudalin. <ref>How long is kdei aniva? There’s several opinions about this topic:  
# There are several opinions about how long Kdei Aniva is, however, one doesn't need to be strict to consider it to be longer than 2 gudalin. <ref>How long is kdei aniva? There’s several opinions about this topic:  
* Smag- long enough to loop around all the rest of the 7 strings.  
* Smag- long enough to loop around all the rest of the 7 strings.  
* Chayei Adam, Kitzur S"A 9:13- 4 gudalin, Beiur Halacha: 2 gudalin, Eliya Rabba (paskening like Rif and Rosh)- long enough to loop around just 1 string (very short).  
* Chayei Adam, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 9:13- 4 gudalin, Beiur Halacha: 2 gudalin, Eliya Rabba (paskening like Rif and Rosh)- long enough to loop around just 1 string (very short).  
* The Beiur Halacha concludes that there’s no need to be strict for more than 2 gudalin. And he says if you have no choice, you can rely on the Eliya Rabba. see [http://ph.yhb.org.il/07-08-11/ Peninei Halacha] </ref>
* The Beiur Halacha concludes that there’s no need to be strict for more than 2 gudalin. And he says if you have no choice, you can rely on the Eliya Rabba. see [http://ph.yhb.org.il/07-08-11/ Peninei Halacha] </ref>
# How long is the shiur of 2 godlin in practical terms? Chazon Ish : 5 cm, Rav Chaim Naeh: 4 cm. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments to Kitzur 9:13) writes that Kedi Anivah is 4 cm.
# How long is the shiur of 2 godlin in practical terms? Chazon Ish : 5 cm, Rav Chaim Naeh: 4 cm. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments to Kitzur 9:13) writes that Kedi Anivah is 4 cm.
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* '''Who do we follow, Rabba or Rav Yosef, in explaining Rabbi Yehuda?''' The Rif (15a) writes that since it is unclear whether halacha follows Rav Yosef or Rabba, one should be strict to follow Rabba that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins at [[Shekiyah]]. Then he says that it seems halacha should follow Rabba because halacha always follows Rabba with three exceptions and this isn't one of them. Similarly, Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) rules like Rabba that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins at [[Shekiyah]]. Rabbenu Yonah (quoted by Rosh [[Shabbat]] 2:23) argues that since they're not arguing about which logic is correct but about what Rav Yehuda said the halacha follows both Rabba and Rav Yosef, whichever way will be a stringency. Therefore, in context of [[accepting Shabbat]], Rama 261:1 rules like Rabba that [[Bein HaShemashot]] is 3/4 of a [[mil]].
* '''Who do we follow, Rabba or Rav Yosef, in explaining Rabbi Yehuda?''' The Rif (15a) writes that since it is unclear whether halacha follows Rav Yosef or Rabba, one should be strict to follow Rabba that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins at [[Shekiyah]]. Then he says that it seems halacha should follow Rabba because halacha always follows Rabba with three exceptions and this isn't one of them. Similarly, Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) rules like Rabba that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins at [[Shekiyah]]. Rabbenu Yonah (quoted by Rosh [[Shabbat]] 2:23) argues that since they're not arguing about which logic is correct but about what Rav Yehuda said the halacha follows both Rabba and Rav Yosef, whichever way will be a stringency. Therefore, in context of [[accepting Shabbat]], Rama 261:1 rules like Rabba that [[Bein HaShemashot]] is 3/4 of a [[mil]].
* '''Explanation of Rabbi Yose's opinion:''' Shmuel ([[Shabbat]] 35a) says that Rav Yose’s concept of [[Bein HaShemashot]] takes place after the [[Bein HaShemashot]] already finished. Tosfot ([[Shabbat]] 34b s.v. Rabbi Yose) explains that even according to Rabbi Yose there’s a window of time when there is an uncertainty whether it is day or night but it isn’t as long as it is for Rabbi Yehuda. Rosh (Shabbat 2:23) discusses whether Rabbi Yose's [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins immediately after Rabbi Yehuda's or a while afterwards and doesn't come to a clear conclusion. Rashi to 35a s.v. Bein HaShemashot DeRabbi Yose seems to hold that it is right after R. Yehuda's period.
* '''Explanation of Rabbi Yose's opinion:''' Shmuel ([[Shabbat]] 35a) says that Rav Yose’s concept of [[Bein HaShemashot]] takes place after the [[Bein HaShemashot]] already finished. Tosfot ([[Shabbat]] 34b s.v. Rabbi Yose) explains that even according to Rabbi Yose there’s a window of time when there is an uncertainty whether it is day or night but it isn’t as long as it is for Rabbi Yehuda. Rosh (Shabbat 2:23) discusses whether Rabbi Yose's [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins immediately after Rabbi Yehuda's or a while afterwards and doesn't come to a clear conclusion. Rashi to 35a s.v. Bein HaShemashot DeRabbi Yose seems to hold that it is right after R. Yehuda's period.
* '''Who does the halacha follow? Rabbi Yehuda or Rabbi Yose''' The Briatta ([[Shabbat]] 34b) says that in regards to practical ramifications [[Bein HaShemashot]] is always considered day as a stringency and night as a stringency. Rif ([[Shabbat]] 14b) and Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) codify this Briatta. S"A 261:1 rules that during [[Bein HaShemashot]] one may not do anything one may not do on [[Shabbat]] with some exceptions (see there). Therefore, Rabbi Yochanan ([[Shabbat]] 35a) says that we follow Rabbi Yehuda regarding [[Shabbat]] as a stringency and Rabbi Yose regarding Trumah as a stringency. Rif (15a) and Rosh 2:23 codify Rabbi Yochanan as halacha.
* '''Who does the halacha follow? Rabbi Yehuda or Rabbi Yose''' The Briatta ([[Shabbat]] 34b) says that in regards to practical ramifications [[Bein HaShemashot]] is always considered day as a stringency and night as a stringency. Rif ([[Shabbat]] 14b) and Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) codify this Briatta. Shulchan Aruch 261:1 rules that during [[Bein HaShemashot]] one may not do anything one may not do on [[Shabbat]] with some exceptions (see there). Therefore, Rabbi Yochanan ([[Shabbat]] 35a) says that we follow Rabbi Yehuda regarding [[Shabbat]] as a stringency and Rabbi Yose regarding Trumah as a stringency. Rif (15a) and Rosh 2:23 codify Rabbi Yochanan as halacha.
* '''(2) Gemara Pesachim''' 94a records Rabbi Yochanan's statement that an average person can walk 30 [[mil]] from [[HaNetz HaChama]] until [[Shekiyah]] and 5 [[mil]] from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] (according to Rashi s.v. Ovav). The Gemara challenges this and explains really an average person can walk 32 [[mil]] from [[HaNetz HaChama]] until [[Shekiyah]] and only 4 [[mil]] from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]].  
* '''(2) Gemara Pesachim''' 94a records Rabbi Yochanan's statement that an average person can walk 30 [[mil]] from [[HaNetz HaChama]] until [[Shekiyah]] and 5 [[mil]] from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] (according to Rashi s.v. Ovav). The Gemara challenges this and explains really an average person can walk 32 [[mil]] from [[HaNetz HaChama]] until [[Shekiyah]] and only 4 [[mil]] from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]].  
* '''The opinion of Rabbenu Tam:''' Tosfot (Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda and [[Shabbat]] 35a s.v. Trei) is bothered how the Gemara [[Shabbat]] seems to say that from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] a person can walk 3/4 of a [[mil]] (according to the Rabba) and the Gemara Pesachim says a person can walk 4 [[mil]]. Rabbenu Tam answers that the Gemara [[Shabbat]] was referring to the end of the [[Shekiyah]] and from then until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] is 3/4 of a [[mil]], while the Gemara Pesachim is discussing the beginning of [[Shekiyah]] which takes 4 [[mil]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Ramban (cited by [[Maggid]] Mishna), [[Maggid]] Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4), and Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) agree. The Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) explains that according to Rabbenu Tam there's two Shekiyot. After the first it is still considered daytime until 3.25 [[mil]] after the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]]. [[Bein HaShemashot]], which is uncertain day or night, spans 3/4 of a [[mil]] and begins from the beginning of the second [[Shekiyah]]. See Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila who explains that the first [[Shekiyah]] is when the sun sets from our vision, and the second [[Shekiyah]] is when the light from the sun leaves the sky.
* '''The opinion of Rabbenu Tam:''' Tosfot (Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda and [[Shabbat]] 35a s.v. Trei) is bothered how the Gemara [[Shabbat]] seems to say that from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] a person can walk 3/4 of a [[mil]] (according to the Rabba) and the Gemara Pesachim says a person can walk 4 [[mil]]. Rabbenu Tam answers that the Gemara [[Shabbat]] was referring to the end of the [[Shekiyah]] and from then until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] is 3/4 of a [[mil]], while the Gemara Pesachim is discussing the beginning of [[Shekiyah]] which takes 4 [[mil]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Ramban (cited by [[Maggid]] Mishna), [[Maggid]] Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4), and Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) agree. The Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) explains that according to Rabbenu Tam there's two Shekiyot. After the first it is still considered daytime until 3.25 [[mil]] after the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]]. [[Bein HaShemashot]], which is uncertain day or night, spans 3/4 of a [[mil]] and begins from the beginning of the second [[Shekiyah]]. See Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila who explains that the first [[Shekiyah]] is when the sun sets from our vision, and the second [[Shekiyah]] is when the light from the sun leaves the sky.
* '''Does halacha follow Rabbenu Tam?''' The S"A 261:2 rules in accordance with Rabbenu Tam and states that from the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]] until [[Bein HaShemashot]] there's 3.25 [[mil]] and then [[Bein HaShemashot]] itself is .75 of a [[mil]], which is equivalent to the time it takes to walk 1500 [[amot]]. Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila writes that for sure one should be strict for the Gra not to do any melacha after sunset.  
* '''Does halacha follow Rabbenu Tam?''' The Shulchan Aruch 261:2 rules in accordance with Rabbenu Tam and states that from the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]] until [[Bein HaShemashot]] there's 3.25 [[mil]] and then [[Bein HaShemashot]] itself is .75 of a [[mil]], which is equivalent to the time it takes to walk 1500 [[amot]]. Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila writes that for sure one should be strict for the Gra not to do any melacha after sunset.  
* '''(3) Shmuel's opinion:''' Then, Shmuel ([[Shabbat]] 35b) says that [[Bein HaShemashot]] is as long as two stars are seen in the sky, but if there’s only one star, it’s day, and if it’s three, then it’s night. The Gemara then clarifies that the stars which were discussed are medium size stars. Similarly, the Yerushalmi ([[Brachot]], cited by Ran 15a) says that [[Shabbat]] concludes when three stars can be seen in one area and not spread out. The Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) rules like Shmuel that when three medium size stars are seen it is certain nighttime. The Kesef Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) is bothered why the Rambam said that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins from [[Shekiyah]] and ends when three stars are seen, choosing the opinion of Rabba for the beginning of [[Bein HaShemashot]] and Shmuel for the end of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. He answers that really Rabba and Shmuel agree and just describe it differently. This may also be the intent of the Rif (15a) and Rosh 2:23 who say that halacha follows Rabba as a stringency and also quote Shmuel without anyone arguing. See Or Letzion Vol. 1 YD 1:10 who offers a novel interpretation of the opinion of the Rambam that he holds like Rabbi Yose (see there for the halachic implications). See also Beur Halacha 416 who paskens like Rabbi Yose MeIkar HaDin, as well, and Chazon Ovadia Shabbat Vol. 1 pp. 264. </ref>
* '''(3) Shmuel's opinion:''' Then, Shmuel ([[Shabbat]] 35b) says that [[Bein HaShemashot]] is as long as two stars are seen in the sky, but if there’s only one star, it’s day, and if it’s three, then it’s night. The Gemara then clarifies that the stars which were discussed are medium size stars. Similarly, the Yerushalmi ([[Brachot]], cited by Ran 15a) says that [[Shabbat]] concludes when three stars can be seen in one area and not spread out. The Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) rules like Shmuel that when three medium size stars are seen it is certain nighttime. The Kesef Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) is bothered why the Rambam said that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins from [[Shekiyah]] and ends when three stars are seen, choosing the opinion of Rabba for the beginning of [[Bein HaShemashot]] and Shmuel for the end of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. He answers that really Rabba and Shmuel agree and just describe it differently. This may also be the intent of the Rif (15a) and Rosh 2:23 who say that halacha follows Rabba as a stringency and also quote Shmuel without anyone arguing. See Or Letzion Vol. 1 YD 1:10 who offers a novel interpretation of the opinion of the Rambam that he holds like Rabbi Yose (see there for the halachic implications). See also Beur Halacha 416 who paskens like Rabbi Yose MeIkar HaDin, as well, and Chazon Ovadia Shabbat Vol. 1 pp. 264. </ref>
# The Gemara rules that if one does a Melacha on [[Shabbos]] for the duration of Bein Hashemashos on Friday evening and Saturday evening, one has certainly violated [[Shabbos]], and must bring a sin-offering <ref> [[Shabbos]] 35b, Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbos]] 5:4). This is because if one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as day, one broke [[Shabbos]] on Saturday evening. If one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as night, one violated [[Shabbos]] on Friday evening. </ref>
# The Gemara rules that if one does a Melacha on [[Shabbos]] for the duration of Bein Hashemashos on Friday evening and Saturday evening, one has certainly violated [[Shabbos]], and must bring a sin-offering <ref> [[Shabbos]] 35b, Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbos]] 5:4). This is because if one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as day, one broke [[Shabbos]] on Saturday evening. If one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as night, one violated [[Shabbos]] on Friday evening. </ref>
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