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Reference of Measurements in Halacha: Difference between revisions
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* '''The opinion of Rabbenu Tam:''' Tosfot (Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda and [[Shabbat]] 35a s.v. Trei) is bothered how the Gemara [[Shabbat]] seems to say that from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] a person can walk 3/4 of a [[mil]] (according to the Rabba) and the Gemara Pesachim says a person can walk 4 [[mil]]. Rabbenu Tam answers that the Gemara [[Shabbat]] was referring to the end of the [[Shekiyah]] and from then until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] is 3/4 of a [[mil]], while the Gemara Pesachim is discussing the beginning of [[Shekiyah]] which takes 4 [[mil]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Ramban (cited by [[Maggid]] Mishna), [[Maggid]] Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4), and Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) agree. The Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) explains that according to Rabbenu Tam there's two Shekiyot. After the first it is still considered daytime until 3.25 [[mil]] after the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]]. [[Bein HaShemashot]], which is uncertain day or night, spans 3/4 of a [[mil]] and begins from the beginning of the second [[Shekiyah]]. See Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila who explains that the first [[Shekiyah]] is when the sun sets from our vision, and the second [[Shekiyah]] is when the light from the sun leaves the sky. | * '''The opinion of Rabbenu Tam:''' Tosfot (Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda and [[Shabbat]] 35a s.v. Trei) is bothered how the Gemara [[Shabbat]] seems to say that from [[Shekiyah]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] a person can walk 3/4 of a [[mil]] (according to the Rabba) and the Gemara Pesachim says a person can walk 4 [[mil]]. Rabbenu Tam answers that the Gemara [[Shabbat]] was referring to the end of the [[Shekiyah]] and from then until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] is 3/4 of a [[mil]], while the Gemara Pesachim is discussing the beginning of [[Shekiyah]] which takes 4 [[mil]] until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. Ramban (cited by [[Maggid]] Mishna), [[Maggid]] Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4), and Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) agree. The Ran ([[Shabbat]] 15a) explains that according to Rabbenu Tam there's two Shekiyot. After the first it is still considered daytime until 3.25 [[mil]] after the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]]. [[Bein HaShemashot]], which is uncertain day or night, spans 3/4 of a [[mil]] and begins from the beginning of the second [[Shekiyah]]. See Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila who explains that the first [[Shekiyah]] is when the sun sets from our vision, and the second [[Shekiyah]] is when the light from the sun leaves the sky. | ||
* '''Does halacha follow Rabbenu Tam?''' The S"A 261:2 rules in accordance with Rabbenu Tam and states that from the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]] until [[Bein HaShemashot]] there's 3.25 [[mil]] and then [[Bein HaShemashot]] itself is .75 of a [[mil]], which is equivalent to the time it takes to walk 1500 [[amot]]. Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila writes that for sure one should be strict for the Gra not to do any melacha after sunset. | * '''Does halacha follow Rabbenu Tam?''' The S"A 261:2 rules in accordance with Rabbenu Tam and states that from the beginning of the [[Shekiyah]] until [[Bein HaShemashot]] there's 3.25 [[mil]] and then [[Bein HaShemashot]] itself is .75 of a [[mil]], which is equivalent to the time it takes to walk 1500 [[amot]]. Beiur Halacha 261 s.v. Metechila writes that for sure one should be strict for the Gra not to do any melacha after sunset. | ||
* '''(3) Shmuel's opinion:''' Then, Shmuel ([[Shabbat]] 35b) says that [[Bein HaShemashot]] is as long as two stars are seen in the sky, but if there’s only one star, it’s day, and if it’s three, then it’s night. The Gemara then clarifies that the stars which were discussed are medium size stars. Similarly, the Yerushalmi ([[Brachot]], cited by Ran 15a) says that [[Shabbat]] concludes when three stars can be seen in one area and not spread out. The Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) rules like Shmuel that when three medium size stars are seen it is certain nighttime. The Kesef Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) is bothered why the Rambam said that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins from [[Shekiyah]] and ends when three stars are seen, choosing the opinion of Rabba for the beginning of [[Bein HaShemashot]] and Shmuel for the end of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. He answers that really Rabba and Shmuel agree and just describe it differently. This may also be the intent of the Rif (15a) and Rosh 2:23 who say that halacha follows Rabba as a stringency and also quote Shmuel without anyone arguing. See Or Letzion YD 1:10 who offers a novel interpretation of the opinion of the Rambam. </ref> | * '''(3) Shmuel's opinion:''' Then, Shmuel ([[Shabbat]] 35b) says that [[Bein HaShemashot]] is as long as two stars are seen in the sky, but if there’s only one star, it’s day, and if it’s three, then it’s night. The Gemara then clarifies that the stars which were discussed are medium size stars. Similarly, the Yerushalmi ([[Brachot]], cited by Ran 15a) says that [[Shabbat]] concludes when three stars can be seen in one area and not spread out. The Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) rules like Shmuel that when three medium size stars are seen it is certain nighttime. The Kesef Mishna ([[Shabbat]] 5:4) is bothered why the Rambam said that [[Bein HaShemashot]] begins from [[Shekiyah]] and ends when three stars are seen, choosing the opinion of Rabba for the beginning of [[Bein HaShemashot]] and Shmuel for the end of [[Bein HaShemashot]]. He answers that really Rabba and Shmuel agree and just describe it differently. This may also be the intent of the Rif (15a) and Rosh 2:23 who say that halacha follows Rabba as a stringency and also quote Shmuel without anyone arguing. See Or Letzion YD 1:10 who offers a novel interpretation of the opinion of the Rambam that he holds like Rabbi Yose (see there for the halachic implications). </ref> | ||
# The Gemara rules that if one does a Melacha on [[Shabbos]] for the duration of Bein Hashemashos on Friday evening and Saturday evening, one has certainly violated [[Shabbos]], and must bring a sin-offering <ref> [[Shabbos]] 35b, Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbos]] 5:4). This is because if one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as day, one broke [[Shabbos]] on Saturday evening. If one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as night, one violated [[Shabbos]] on Friday evening. </ref> | # The Gemara rules that if one does a Melacha on [[Shabbos]] for the duration of Bein Hashemashos on Friday evening and Saturday evening, one has certainly violated [[Shabbos]], and must bring a sin-offering <ref> [[Shabbos]] 35b, Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbos]] 5:4). This is because if one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as day, one broke [[Shabbos]] on Saturday evening. If one treats [[Bein Hashemashot]] as night, one violated [[Shabbos]] on Friday evening. </ref> | ||
# Therefore, one can do no Melacha during [[Bein Hashemashot]] <ref> Mishnah [[Shabbos]] 34b </ref>. | # Therefore, one can do no Melacha during [[Bein Hashemashot]] <ref> Mishnah [[Shabbos]] 34b </ref>. | ||
