Nine Days: Difference between revisions
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#The Ashkenazic and Sephardic custom is to refrain from meat, poultry, and wine during the [[nine days]]. <ref>The gemara Baba Batra 60b quotes the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael Ben Elisha that after the destruction of the Beit HaMikdash, it would have been appropriate for the rabbis to ban eating meat and drinking wine in order to properly mourn. However, since most of the congregation would not be able to abide by this, the rabbis never made it. Biur HaGra OC 551:9 writes that this is the source for refraining from eating meat and drinking wine prior to Tisha B'Av, that although it is impossible to ban eating meat and drinking wine throughout the year, it is possible to refrain from meat and wine for a short period of time. The Gemara in Taanit 30a discuss the prohibition of eating meat during the seudat hamafseket prior to tisha b'av. Rambam Hilchot Taaniot 5:6 says that the custom is to extend the prohibition beyond that meal. He says that some don't eat meat during the week of tisha b'av, and some don't eat from [[rosh chodesh]] av and onward. Shulchan Aruch 551:9 writes that there are three customs about not eating meat and drinking wine; some refrain only for the week on [[Tisha BeAv]], some refrain for the [[nine days]] (from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av), some refrain for the whole three weeks.</ref>Ashkenazim include [[Rosh Chodesh]] in this prohibition,<ref>Mishna Brurah 551:58 writes that the Ashkenazic custom is not to eat meat or drink wine for the [[nine days]] including [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av but excluding [[Shabbat]] (Mishna Brurah 551:59). This is also written in the [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5762/devarim.html Weekly Halacha by Rabbi Neustadt].</ref> while Sephardim are lenient regarding the day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] itself and some Sephardim are strict. <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:41, Moed Likol Chai 9:15, [http://www.doresh-tzion.co.il/QAShowAnswer.aspx?qaid=97492 Rav Bentzion Mussafi], and Kaf Hachayim 551:125 write that the Sephardic custom is to refrain from eating meat and wine during the [[nine days]], but on [[Rosh Chodesh]] the minhag is to be lenient. However, they add that some are strict. See also Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 169), [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2184 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com], and Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]] (by Rabbi Shlomo Churba, pg 37) who all write that the Sephardic custom is not to eat meat, poultry or wine in the [[nine days]]. </ref> | #The Ashkenazic and Sephardic custom is to refrain from meat, poultry, and wine during the [[nine days]]. <ref>The gemara Baba Batra 60b quotes the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael Ben Elisha that after the destruction of the Beit HaMikdash, it would have been appropriate for the rabbis to ban eating meat and drinking wine in order to properly mourn. However, since most of the congregation would not be able to abide by this, the rabbis never made it. Biur HaGra OC 551:9 writes that this is the source for refraining from eating meat and drinking wine prior to Tisha B'Av, that although it is impossible to ban eating meat and drinking wine throughout the year, it is possible to refrain from meat and wine for a short period of time. The Gemara in Taanit 30a discuss the prohibition of eating meat during the seudat hamafseket prior to tisha b'av. Rambam Hilchot Taaniot 5:6 says that the custom is to extend the prohibition beyond that meal. He says that some don't eat meat during the week of tisha b'av, and some don't eat from [[rosh chodesh]] av and onward. Shulchan Aruch 551:9 writes that there are three customs about not eating meat and drinking wine; some refrain only for the week on [[Tisha BeAv]], some refrain for the [[nine days]] (from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av), some refrain for the whole three weeks.</ref>Ashkenazim include [[Rosh Chodesh]] in this prohibition,<ref>Mishna Brurah 551:58 writes that the Ashkenazic custom is not to eat meat or drink wine for the [[nine days]] including [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av but excluding [[Shabbat]] (Mishna Brurah 551:59). This is also written in the [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5762/devarim.html Weekly Halacha by Rabbi Neustadt].</ref> while Sephardim are lenient regarding the day of [[Rosh Chodesh]] itself and some Sephardim are strict. <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:41, Moed Likol Chai 9:15, [http://www.doresh-tzion.co.il/QAShowAnswer.aspx?qaid=97492 Rav Bentzion Mussafi], and Kaf Hachayim 551:125 write that the Sephardic custom is to refrain from eating meat and wine during the [[nine days]], but on [[Rosh Chodesh]] the minhag is to be lenient. However, they add that some are strict. See also Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 169), [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2184 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com], and Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]] (by Rabbi Shlomo Churba, pg 37) who all write that the Sephardic custom is not to eat meat, poultry or wine in the [[nine days]]. </ref> | ||
#Some say that there is what to rely on to have meat leftovers from [[Shabbat]] during the [[nine days]], while others forbid. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 177) writes that there is what to rely on, as does the Torat Moadim 5:46. Birkei Yosef 551:6 says that in order to encourage proper for fulfillment of the meal itself we allow the leftovers to be eaten later. However, the [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5762/devarim.html Weekly Halacha by Rabbi Neustadt] quotes Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:21(4) who forbids (see there). Aruch Hashulchan 551:24 also forbids it, also see Piskei Teshuvot 551:34. Kaf Hachayim 551:144 says that for melave malka one is permitted to eat meat leftovers as long as he doesn't prepare extra for [[shabbat]] with the intention of having leftovers. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=950 Rabbi Eli Mansour] quotes that Rav Chaim Palachi allows this while Chacham Benzion Abba Shaul says it's better not to. Rabbi Mansour also says that for the remainder of the week kids can eat it lechatchila and if adults eat it one cannot rebuke them. Piskei Teshuvot 551:34 says there are some poskim who permit eating meat for melave malka for someone who usually eats meat for melave malka. </ref> | #Some say that there is what to rely on to have meat leftovers from [[Shabbat]] during the [[nine days]], while others forbid. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 177) writes that there is what to rely on, as does the Torat Moadim 5:46. Birkei Yosef 551:6 says that in order to encourage proper for fulfillment of the meal itself we allow the leftovers to be eaten later. However, the [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5762/devarim.html Weekly Halacha by Rabbi Neustadt] quotes Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:21(4) who forbids (see there). Aruch Hashulchan 551:24 also forbids it, also see Piskei Teshuvot 551:34. Kaf Hachayim 551:144 says that for melave malka one is permitted to eat meat leftovers as long as he doesn't prepare extra for [[shabbat]] with the intention of having leftovers. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=950 Rabbi Eli Mansour] quotes that Rav Chaim Palachi allows this while Chacham Benzion Abba Shaul says it's better not to. Rabbi Mansour also says that for the remainder of the week kids can eat it lechatchila and if adults eat it one cannot rebuke them. Piskei Teshuvot 551:34 says there are some poskim who permit eating meat for melave malka for someone who usually eats meat for melave malka. </ref> | ||
#One who needs to eat meat for health reasons such as a child, pregnant woman, nursing woman, or an elderly or sick person is permitted to eat meat, but if he can eat chicken that is preferable. <ref>Mishna Brurah 551:64. Yechave Daat 1:41 adds that if they do, they are not required to make a [[hatarat nedarim]]. </ref> | |||
#One may eat meat at a meal for a mitzvah such as the meal of a [[Brit Milah]] and this includes the relatives and friend invited to the meal however, it doesn’t include those who just walk in to eat. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 196-7). Rama 551:10 allows eating meat for a seudat mitzva, and the Taz there explains that only someone would normally be invited to this seuda, may partake in this meat seuda during this time. If the [[Brit Milah]] is scheduled to be performed before the [[nine days]], even if it has already been postponed, Shaare Teshuva 551:10 says you cannot postpone any further to allow eating meat, and one who does this is considered someone who breaches fences. </ref> | |||
#One may eat meat at a meal held for a siyum and this includes the friends and family invited to the meal. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 196-8). Although the Rama 551:10 writes that one should minimize the amount of guests invited to this meal, Rav Moshe Feinstein and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (cited in Nitei Gavriel 18:7), rule that if the one who completes the masechet eats in a communal dining room (such as a camp or hotel), all those who eat with him may participate. Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 132 says that preferably one shouldn't hold a siyum of a masechet after the sixth of av. Aruch Hashulchan 551:28 says that since nowadays we do not properly celebrate the torah, preferably no siyums should be held during the [[nine days]]. </ref> | |||
#One may eat meat a meal held for a [[Bar Mitzvah]] only if it’s held the day that the son becomes 13. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 200), Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2 pg 415), Yad Yitzchak 3:230, Yad Efrayim 551:31, Divrei Yatziv 2:238. Divrei Yatziv actually says that if the bar-mitzva boy says words of torah, even if it's not the actual day that he turns 13 they can nevertheless eat meat. Even though this is not mentioned by the Rama 551:10 as one of the meals you can eat meat for, Magen Avraham 225:4 says that a bar mitzva meal is a seudat mitzva, because just like siyum on a masechet is the celebration of the culmination of a mitzva, so too a bar mitzva is celebrating culminating the mitzva of [[chinuch]]. </ref> | |||
#It is preferable not to even feed children meat during the [[nine days]], but if you do you may have on who to rely. <ref>Magen Avraham 551:31 says you can give children meat even during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] because we never had the minhag for kids to mourn. However, he adds that this is only true for a child below the age of [[chinuch]], meaning a child who doesn't understand what we mourn. Mishna Brurah 551:70 and Shaar Hatziyun 551:76 say that although there is no requirement for the child to mourn for the beit hamikdash, the prohibition of feeding children prohibited items discussed in SA OC 343 extends to things that are only prohibited by custom and therefore one shouldn't feed meat to his kids unless for health reasons and the reason the Rama permitted [[Havdalah]] wine for children was for a mitzva. Iggerot Moshe 4:21:4 says even to feed the children meat on Friday afternoon before [[shabbat]] would not be allowed unless they usually eat their [[Friday night meal]] at that hour. Based on the Magen Avraham 551:31, Rabbi David Yosef in torat hamoadim Siman 5 page 190 says there is ample room to be lenient in this case. Aruch Hashulchan 551:26 as well says there is room to be lenient, especially in a case where it is a weak child who can gain a lot from eating the meat. </ref> | |||
#Although the custom is not to eat meat or drink wine during the [[nine days]], stores that sell meat or wine may continue to sell meat or wine because someone who is permitted to eat it, such as a sick person or for a seudat mitzvah may need it. <ref>Iggerot Moshe 4:112 </ref> One is permitted to leave his meat restaurant open during the [[nine days]], because the people who are eating meat during the [[nine days]], without the availability of kosher meat, may go to a non-kosher restaurant but he should preferably serve only chicken. <ref>Yechave Daat 3:38. For more on whether a meat restaurant may remain open, see [http://www.koltorah.org/ravj/Restaurants%20Serving%20Meat%20During%20the%20Nine%20Days.htm Rabbi Chaim Jachter: Restaurants Serving Meat During the Nine Days] </ref> | #Although the custom is not to eat meat or drink wine during the [[nine days]], stores that sell meat or wine may continue to sell meat or wine because someone who is permitted to eat it, such as a sick person or for a seudat mitzvah may need it. <ref>Iggerot Moshe 4:112 </ref> One is permitted to leave his meat restaurant open during the [[nine days]], because the people who are eating meat during the [[nine days]], without the availability of kosher meat, may go to a non-kosher restaurant but he should preferably serve only chicken. <ref>Yechave Daat 3:38. For more on whether a meat restaurant may remain open, see [http://www.koltorah.org/ravj/Restaurants%20Serving%20Meat%20During%20the%20Nine%20Days.htm Rabbi Chaim Jachter: Restaurants Serving Meat During the Nine Days] </ref> | ||
#One may taste the meat food on erev [[shabbat]] during the [[nine days]] but should try not to swallow any meat ingredients. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42:61 since the Magen Avraham 250:1 quotes the Arizal that this is part of the mitzva of kavod [[shabbat]] to taste the food to make sure it tastes good. </ref> | #One may taste the meat food on erev [[shabbat]] during the [[nine days]] but should try not to swallow any meat ingredients. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita 42:61 since the Magen Avraham 250:1 quotes the Arizal that this is part of the mitzva of kavod [[shabbat]] to taste the food to make sure it tastes good. </ref> | ||
