1,988
edits
Drawing or Sculpting Forbidden Images: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
Drawing or Sculpting Forbidden Images (view source)
Revision as of 17:29, 4 March 2020
, 4 March 2020→Sun, Moon, and Stars: revision
MordechaiD (talk | contribs) m (→Replications of the Vessels of the Temple: add makor for rashba) |
MordechaiD (talk | contribs) (→Sun, Moon, and Stars: revision) |
||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
# It is forbidden to draw a sun, moon, or stars whether the image is two dimensional or a three dimensional protruding image.<ref> The opinion of Tosfot Avoda Zara 43b s.v. veha citing Rabbenu Tam, Ri, and Riva is that the sun, moon, and stars may not be drawn even if they’re not protruding. Rosh A"z 3:5 and Rambam Avoda Zara 3:11 agree. The Shulchan Aruch YD 141:4 follows the opinion of the Rambam and Rosh. Chachmat Adam 85:5, Igrot Moshe OC 5:9:6, Halichot Olam (vol 7 pg 287), and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=10/5/2010 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com] concur with Shulchan Aruch. Taz 141:13 suggests that a two dimensional drawing of the sun is permitted. | # It is forbidden to draw a sun, moon, or stars whether the image is two dimensional or a three dimensional protruding image.<ref> The opinion of Tosfot Avoda Zara 43b s.v. veha citing Rabbenu Tam, Ri, and Riva is that the sun, moon, and stars may not be drawn even if they’re not protruding. Rosh A"z 3:5 and Rambam Avoda Zara 3:11 agree. The Shulchan Aruch YD 141:4 follows the opinion of the Rambam and Rosh. Chachmat Adam 85:5, Igrot Moshe OC 5:9:6, Halichot Olam (vol 7 pg 287), and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=10/5/2010 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com] concur with Shulchan Aruch. Taz 141:13 suggests that a two dimensional drawing of the sun is permitted. | ||
* Ran a”z 19a quotes some who think that if it isn’t protruding it isn’t Biblical prohibition for any forbidden image. The Tzitz Eliezer 9:44:2 writes that some rishonim hold that it is permitted if it isn’t protruding and he writes that one should look in the Ramban, Ritva, and Meiri on A”z 43b. | * Ran a”z 19a quotes some who think that if it isn’t protruding it isn’t Biblical prohibition for any forbidden image. The Tzitz Eliezer 9:44:2 writes that some rishonim hold that it is permitted if it isn’t protruding and he writes that one should look in the Ramban, Ritva, and Meiri on A”z 43b. | ||
* Rav Chaim Palagi in Ruach Chaim YD 141:2 asks how were they allowed to have a picture of the sun on the tombstone of Yehoshua like Rashi Yehoshua 24:30 writes? Tzitz Eliezer 9:44 answers | * Rav Chaim Palagi in Ruach Chaim YD 141:2 asks how were they allowed to have a picture of the sun on the tombstone of Yehoshua like Rashi Yehoshua 24:30 writes? Tzitz Eliezer 9:44 offers the following answers: | ||
# It wasn't protruding, so according to the Rishonim who permit an etched in sun, it was ok. | |||
# Others made it and this in public | |||
# The effect of causing agony of the loss of such a special person is lilmod, just like Rav Chaim Palagi writes about image of Avraham Avinu as a symbol of monotheism - they were lax in Yehoshua's hesped, so this was a teshuvah. | |||
# The Rambam writes that only the symbolism of the sun is prohibited, not a circle. | |||
# There were no solar rays included. | |||
# It was a piece of pottery (he was buried in Timnat Cheres, where the sun (symbolized by pottery/cheres) was worshipped), not an actual sun. | |||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
# | # Numerous Rishonim argue that the limits of the prohibition are informed by our human perception of the object that one is attempting to replicate. Since we see humans in three dimensions, drawing a three dimensional human is prohibited, but a two dimensional one is not. Similarly, as we perceive celestial bodies as two dimensional, drawing even two dimensional images of the sun and moon is prohibited.<Ref>Rabbeinu Tam, Ri, and Riva quoted by Tosafot (Rosh HaShanah 24b, Avodah Zarah 43b), Rosh (Avodah Zarah 3:5), Mordechai (Avodah Zarah 839), Ritva (Rosh Hashanah 24b), Rambam (Hilchot Avodah Zarah 3:11)</ref> Some disagree,<ref>Ramban, Raavad (Hilchot Avodah Zarah 3:11), Rashba (Rosh Hashanah 24b), Ran (Avodah Zarah)</ref> but the Halacha follows the former.<ref>Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh Deah 141:4)</ref> | ||
# Therefore, one shouldn’t teach children to draw the sun, moon, or stars in their complete form.<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 5:9:6 writes that once a child reached the age of chinuch they should be taught not to draw a picture of a sun, moon, or star. If their drawing is so inaccurate that most adults couldn’t tell what it was then it is permitted but still an adult shouldn’t teach children to draw that because they will grow up thinking that it is permitted and do so when their drawing skills improve. [https://www.star-k.org/prev_questions Star-K] writes that perhaps making a cake in the shape of a sun (circle with cookie sticks as rays) is permitted since it isn't an accurate representation.</ref> | # The Rambam holds that images of the sun and moon themselves are not prohibited, but, rather, images that symbolize them are, such as the "Goddess of the Sun" and the like.<ref>Rambam (Perush HaMishnah Avodah Zarah 3:3, quoted by Rama (Yoreh Deah 141:4) lehalacha, but the Shach (Yoreh Deah 141:8) and GRA (Yoreh Deah 141:7) take up arms that the Rambam's shitah is quite difficult in light of the sugya.</ref> | ||
# Although in general a partial/incomplete image is permitted to create or own,<ref>Shach Yoreh Deah 141:25 writes that any of the pictures that are forbidden to draw are only forbidden if they are done completely but not if you only draw a part of it.</ref> since we as humans observe the moon in its various stages, images of all of its stages are prohibited to create according to some Poskim.<ref>Minchat Chinuch 39:9. Darkei Teshuva 141:38 cites a dispute between the Alsheich (teshuva 77) and Maharit YD 35 whether drawing a part of the moon is permitted, the Alsheich is lenient while the Maharit is strict. Finally he added the Shoel Umeishiv 3:71 and Amudei Esh 16:2 who are strict. See Halichot Olam (vol. 7 pg 286) who quote some who said the Alsheich said the opposite.</ref> Some think that this does not apply to the sun, even though we observe a "partial" sun when it rises and sets at the horizon,<ref>Shevet HaLevi (vo. 7 Siman 134:7</ref> while others are machmir.<ref>Minchat Yitzchak 10:72, Yabia Omer (vol. 10 Yoreh Deah 58:6, pg 372), Halichot Olam (vol. 7 pg 286)</ref> | |||
# Therefore, one shouldn’t teach children to draw the sun, moon, or stars in their complete form, because when they get older it will be prohibited for them, anyway.<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 5:9:6 writes that once a child reached the age of chinuch they should be taught not to draw a picture of a sun, moon, or star. If their drawing is so inaccurate that most adults couldn’t tell what it was then it is permitted but still an adult shouldn’t teach children to draw that because they will grow up thinking that it is permitted and do so when their drawing skills improve. [https://www.star-k.org/prev_questions Star-K] writes that perhaps making a cake in the shape of a sun (circle with cookie sticks as rays) is permitted since it isn't an accurate representation.</ref> | |||
# Some say that it is forbidden to create a temporary image of a sun, moon, or stars.<ref>Minchat Yitzchak 10:72 writes that it is forbidden to temporarily create the image of a sun or moon since it is considered an asiya (creation). See however Darkei Teshuva 141:27.</ref> | # Some say that it is forbidden to create a temporary image of a sun, moon, or stars.<ref>Minchat Yitzchak 10:72 writes that it is forbidden to temporarily create the image of a sun or moon since it is considered an asiya (creation). See however Darkei Teshuva 141:27.</ref> | ||
