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Davening with a Minyan: Difference between revisions
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# It is praiseworthy for one to run to shul<ref> BI"H, Perashat Miketz, 2 </ref>, demonstrating one's eagerness to do mitzvot. | # It is praiseworthy for one to run to shul<ref> BI"H, Perashat Miketz, 2 </ref>, demonstrating one's eagerness to do mitzvot. | ||
==Where to Go to Minyan== | ==Where to Go to Minyan== | ||
# If one has the choice of going to a closer shul or a farther shul, one may choose the latter option, as one gets more reward for one's journey (<i>Sechar Pesiot</i>, but one must understand that it comes at the opportunity cost of Talmud Torah and could possibly entail Shmiras Eynayim issues.<ref>Yechave Daat 2:9, note the Torah Lishmah quotes that one only gets extra Sechar Pesiot for walking, not driving.</ref> | # If one has the choice of going to a closer shul or a farther shul, one may choose the latter option, as one gets more reward for one's journey (<i>Sechar Pesiot</i>, but one must understand that it comes at the opportunity cost of Talmud Torah and could possibly entail Shmiras Eynayim issues.<ref>Yechave Daat 2:9, note the Torah Lishmah quotes that one only gets extra Sechar Pesiot for walking, not driving.</ref> | ||
# There is a principle that a person should be very careful that a person doesn't delay the congregation unnecessarily. This concept is called ''Tircha Dtzibur''. It applies to a Shaliach Tzibur who is davening slowly purposefully to hear himself sing.<ref>Rashba Teshuva 1:215 cited by Bet Yosef 53:11</ref> | |||
==Coming to Minyan Early== | ==Coming to Minyan Early== | ||
# One should make an effort to be one of the first ten people for the [[minyan]].<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:14</ref> | # One should make an effort to be one of the first ten people for the [[minyan]].<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:14</ref> | ||
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* See Dirshu 90:32 who cites the Chavaselet Hasharon 2 and Orchot Rabbenu v. 1 p. 51 that even the Tzlach never meant that it is considered tefillah btzibur. </ref> | * See Dirshu 90:32 who cites the Chavaselet Hasharon 2 and Orchot Rabbenu v. 1 p. 51 that even the Tzlach never meant that it is considered tefillah btzibur. </ref> | ||
# Someone from Diaspora who is davening a weekday Shemona Esrei with an Israeli minyan on the second day of Yom Tov that is considered Tefillah Btzibur.<ref>Yom Tov Sheni Khilchato (9:6 cited by Dirshu 90:32) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Elyashiv</ref> In the opposite case with an Israeli in the Diaspora davening a weekday Shemona Esrei with the congregation davening a Yom Tov Shemona Esrei is a dispute if that is Tefillah Btzibur.<ref>Yom Tov Sheni Khilchato (ch. 3 fnt. 43-5, cited by Dirshu 90:32)</ref> | # Someone from Diaspora who is davening a weekday Shemona Esrei with an Israeli minyan on the second day of Yom Tov that is considered Tefillah Btzibur.<ref>Yom Tov Sheni Khilchato (9:6 cited by Dirshu 90:32) quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Elyashiv</ref> In the opposite case with an Israeli in the Diaspora davening a weekday Shemona Esrei with the congregation davening a Yom Tov Shemona Esrei is a dispute if that is Tefillah Btzibur.<ref>Yom Tov Sheni Khilchato (ch. 3 fnt. 43-5, cited by Dirshu 90:32)</ref> | ||
===Davening in an Adjacent Room=== | |||
[[Image:Fenceminyan.jpg|250px|right]] | |||
# If there is a larger room and a smaller room completely open to that larger one if the majority of the minyan is in the large room that is considered one minyan. If the majority of the minyan is in the small room they don't combine.<ref>Gemara Eruvin 92b. Tosfot 92b s.v. Tisha explains that the gemara is relevant to joining together for a minyan. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 55:16 quotes this gemara as the halacha.</ref> | |||
# Some say that as long members of the minyan can see each other they can join together for a minyan.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 55:14</ref> One should only rely on this opinion in an extenuating circumstance.<ref>Mishna Brurah 55:57</ref> | |||
==Who Counts for a Minyan?== | ==Who Counts for a Minyan?== | ||
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==Missing Minyan Because One Is Sick== | ==Missing Minyan Because One Is Sick== | ||
# One is only exempt in cases of extenuating circumstances such as someone not feeling well and even in such a case one should at least pray at the time of the Tzibbur. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:9, Mishna Brurah 90:29 </ref> | # One is only exempt in cases of extenuating circumstances such as someone not feeling well and even in such a case one should at least pray at the time of the Tzibbur. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:9, Mishna Brurah 90:29 </ref> | ||
==Missing Minyan to Daven with More Kavana== | |||
# If a person can daven Shemona Esrei with any level of kavana in shul with a minyan he should daven with a minyan rather than daven at home with more kavana.<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 3:7 writes that if you can have at least the basic kavana with a minyan then davening with a minyan which is an obligation trumps the possibility of having more kavana when davening privately. He explains that davening with a minyan guarantees that one's tefillah will be heard by Hashem and there's no such guarantee even for a tzadik when davening by himself. Also, it is possible that he might not daven with more kavana when at home. Mishna Brurah 51:20 writes that if it is so cold in shul that he won't be able to concentrate on Shemona Esrei at all he should daven at home with kavana. </ref> | |||
==Missing Minyan Because of Learning== | ==Missing Minyan Because of Learning== | ||
# Someone who’s learning is his “occupation”, meaning that one does not waste any time not learning except for the absolutely necessary activities, may daven without being part of a [[minyan]] from time to time, however, nowadays using this leniency is highly discouraged. <Ref>Rama 90:18, Mishna Brurah 90:56, Piskei Teshuvot 90:23 writes that this leniency is discouraged but there is what to rely on and quotes the son of the Chafetz Chaim who writes about his father when writing the Mishna Brurah would go ten hours at a time learning without eating or even stopping for [[mincha]]. </ref> Therefore, even if one is involved in learning one should make sure to daven with a [[minyan]] and there is an added seriousness for such a person to daven with a [[minyan]] so that others do not judge him incorrectly or mistakenly learn out of his actions that davening in a [[minyan]] is unimportant. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:18, Mishna Brurah 90:29, 57 | # Someone who’s learning is his “occupation”, meaning that one does not waste any time not learning except for the absolutely necessary activities, may daven without being part of a [[minyan]] from time to time, however, nowadays using this leniency is highly discouraged. <Ref>Rama 90:18, Mishna Brurah 90:56, Piskei Teshuvot 90:23 writes that this leniency is discouraged but there is what to rely on and quotes the son of the Chafetz Chaim who writes about his father when writing the Mishna Brurah would go ten hours at a time learning without eating or even stopping for [[mincha]]. </ref> Therefore, even if one is involved in learning one should make sure to daven with a [[minyan]] and there is an added seriousness for such a person to daven with a [[minyan]] so that others do not judge him incorrectly or mistakenly learn out of his actions that davening in a [[minyan]] is unimportant. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:18, Mishna Brurah 90:29, 57. See Sh”t Igrot Moshe 2:27 regarding missing [[minyan]] for learning. </ref> | ||
# If | # If you can daven by yourself or go to a minyan that will cause you to miss learning with a chevruta, you can daven by yourself<Ref>Mishna Brurah 90:56 writes that one who is going to give a shuir to the public may not miss out on the opportunity in order to go to a [[minyan]]. Halichot Shlomo 5:16 adds that even if one will only miss learning with a chevruta one should not go to the [[minyan]]; BeYitzchak Yikra (Rav Nevinsal) 90:18 writes that if a student in a yeshiva eats and sleeps by the yeshiva it is an imperative to daven in the yeshiva [[minyan]] and it is forbidden to daven in an even holier place such as by the Kotel because of Mitzvah HaBah BeAvierah! </ref> | ||
# If it is going to cause a loss of teaching Torah in public such as if one will miss giving a public shuir, one should miss [[minyan]] in order not to miss that opportunity of giving shiur. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 90:56 writes that one who is going to give a shuir to the public may not miss out on the opportunity in order to go to a [[minyan]].</ref> | # If it is going to cause a loss of teaching Torah in public such as if one will miss giving a public shuir, one should miss [[minyan]] in order not to miss that opportunity of giving shiur. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 90:56 writes that one who is going to give a shuir to the public may not miss out on the opportunity in order to go to a [[minyan]].</ref> | ||
# If a congregation is up to Yishtabach and there's no minyan they should wait a little to get a minyan. However, they shouldn't wait too long because it leads to people talking idly and bitul Torah.<ref>Rama 53:3 writes that a congregation which doesn't have a minyan at yishtabach should wait until they get a minyan. See both Magen Avraham 53:4 and Mishna Brurah 53:9 who mention waiting a half hour. Igrot Moshe OC 3:4 says that a congregation at the end of pesukei dzimrah should wait a little bit for a minyan but should not to wait a long time for a minyan since it causes people to talk and be mevatel torah.</ref> | |||
==Missing Minyan to daven at a More Optimal Time== | ==Missing Minyan to daven at a More Optimal Time== | ||
