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Brushing Teeth on Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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==Brushing Teeth on Shabbat== | ==Brushing Teeth on Shabbat== | ||
===Mimareach=== | ===Mimareach=== | ||
The Mishnah | The Mishnah in [[Shabbat]] (73a) lists [[Memachaik]] as one of the avot melacha-scraping, removing a surface to leave a smooth remainder (sandpaper, scraping hairs off a piece of leather to make it smooth) | ||
Mimareach-[[smoothing]] not by eliminating surface, but by spreading something over the surface.<ref> Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 11:5,6 </ref> | Mimareach-[[smoothing]] not by eliminating surface, but by spreading something over the surface.<ref> Rambam Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 11:5,6 </ref> | ||
*Rav Moshe Feinstein <ref> Sh"t Iggerot Moshe Orach Chaim, 1:112 </ref> says that it’s definitely forbidden to use toothpaste because of mimachek, but without toothpaste it is allowed just like washing the rest of your body. Seemingly, Rav Moshe meant mimareach the toladah of mimachek. It is also possible that he meant mimachek in that you’re [[smoothing]] out your teeth by removing the plaque. Rav Soloveitchik<ref> Nefesh Harav p. 168 </ref> said removing dirt or plaque is certainly not mimachek just like washing dishes is permissible.<ref>Gemara [[Shabbat]] 50a</ref> Mimachek is only when you’re removing something that is part of the essence of the object itself and plaque isn’t that. So they asked him maybe you remove enamel by brushing and he said that if that were true eventually you would have no tooth left from brushing. | *Rav Moshe Feinstein <ref> Sh"t Iggerot Moshe Orach Chaim, 1:112 </ref> says that it’s definitely forbidden to use toothpaste because of mimachek, but without toothpaste it is allowed just like washing the rest of your body. Seemingly, Rav Moshe meant mimareach the toladah of mimachek. It is also possible that he meant mimachek in that you’re [[smoothing]] out your teeth by removing the plaque. Rav Soloveitchik<ref> Nefesh Harav p. 168 </ref> said removing dirt or plaque is certainly not mimachek just like washing dishes is permissible.<ref>Gemara [[Shabbat]] 50a</ref> Mimachek is only when you’re removing something that is part of the essence of the object itself and plaque isn’t that. So they asked him maybe you remove enamel by brushing and he said that if that were true eventually you would have no tooth left from brushing. | ||
*Rav Ovadia Yosef says even paste is allowed.<ref> Sh"t Yabia Omer 4:30. </ref> This is based on the | *Rav Ovadia Yosef says even paste is allowed.<ref> Sh"t Yabia Omer 4:30. </ref> This is based on the Magen Avraham (316:24) that says your allowed to smear spit on the ground, since if what your smearing gets totally absorbed, therefore its not a problem of mimareach. Similarly, toothpaste doesn’t stay there for a long time. His second proof is that the Rama (Orach Chaim 326:10) doesn’t say that the problem with using a hard soap is mimareach but instead says [[molid]], because the soap only remains there temporarily. | ||
*Rav Soloveitchik agreed to this <ref> Nefesh Harav 168.</ref> He says that even though the ads claim to coat your tooth for 24 hours he wasn’t convinced this was true. And even if it is true, an invisible coating isn’t enough to assur it.<ref> Aruch HaShulchan Yoreh Deah 83:15 </ref> | *Rav Soloveitchik agreed to this<ref> Nefesh Harav 168.</ref> He says that even though the ads claim to coat your tooth for 24 hours he wasn’t convinced this was true. And even if it is true, an invisible coating isn’t enough to assur it.<ref> Aruch HaShulchan Yoreh Deah 83:15 </ref> | ||
*The Tzitz Eliezer rules like Rav Moshe.<ref> Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer(7:30:8). 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 373) also writes that using toothpaste is an issue of memarayach.</ref> He says that its not same as Magen Avraham because the spit the whole purpose is to get it into the ground, but with the toothpaste there is a purpose in the smearing even if just for a minute. ( | *The Tzitz Eliezer rules like Rav Moshe.<ref> Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer(7:30:8). 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 373) also writes that using toothpaste is an issue of memarayach.</ref> He says that its not same as Magen Avraham because the spit the whole purpose is to get it into the ground, but with the toothpaste there is a purpose in the smearing even if just for a minute. (He says there’s no shiur for how long it has to be there.) | ||
===Molid=== | ===Molid=== | ||
The toothpaste becoming a foamy, more fluid liquid maybe a problem of [[molid]]. This problem is raised based on Rashi([[Shabbat]] 51a)which says its asur to squeeze or crush ice on [[Shabbat]] because of [[molid]].<ref>(a dirabanan issur of changing form because it’s so creative it’s like a quasi-melacha.(Shu”t Maharal Diskin 66)</ref> Shulchan Aruch however holds like the Rambam saying [[squeezing]] ice is asur because it looks like [[squeezing]] fruit which falls under the category of [[sechita]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 320:9 based on Rambam Mishneh Torah Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 21:13. This same machloket applies to the permissibility of using a bar of soap. Shulchan Aruch (326:10) permits it, but the Rama there forbids it because of [[molid]].</ref> | The toothpaste becoming a foamy, more fluid liquid maybe a problem of [[molid]]. This problem is raised based on Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 51a) which says its asur to squeeze or crush ice on [[Shabbat]] because of [[molid]].<ref>(a dirabanan issur of changing form because it’s so creative it’s like a quasi-melacha.(Shu”t Maharal Diskin 66)</ref> Shulchan Aruch however holds like the Rambam saying [[squeezing]] ice is asur because it looks like [[squeezing]] fruit which falls under the category of [[sechita]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 320:9 based on Rambam Mishneh Torah Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 21:13. This same machloket applies to the permissibility of using a bar of soap. Shulchan Aruch (326:10) permits it, but the Rama there forbids it because of [[molid]].</ref> | ||
* | *Rav Yitzchak Yaakov Weiss<ref> Minchat Yitzchak (3:50) </ref> prohibits brushing teeth with toothpaste based on this also. | ||
*Rav Ovadia | *Rav Ovadia<ref>Yabia Omer OC 4:29</ref> paskins like the Shulchan Aruch that Sephardim don't have to worry about [[molid]]. He adds that Ashkenazim should hold like the Rama and brushing teeth is forbidden for them.<ref> Yabia Omer Orach Chaim 4:28 </ref> | ||
*Rabbi Herschel Schachter | *Rabbi Herschel Schachter<ref> Rav Schachter is quoted by Rabbi Aryeh Leibowitz between 2:30 and 3:30 http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/752802/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Brushing_Teeth_on_Shabbos </ref> holds that even for Ashkenazim it should not be a problem because [[molid]] is solid to liquid not paste to liquid. | ||
===Refuah=== | ===Refuah=== | ||
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Gemara ([[Shabbat]] 128b) says there’s no [[sechita]] in hair since it doesn’t absorb. Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:11) paskins like this. However, the [[Maggid]] mishnah there says he still holds its asur derabbanan.<ref> Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 9:11 and [[Maggid]] Mishnah there, (Kesef Mishnah on Rambam 2:11, and Mishnah Brurah 330) </ref> | Gemara ([[Shabbat]] 128b) says there’s no [[sechita]] in hair since it doesn’t absorb. Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 9:11) paskins like this. However, the [[Maggid]] mishnah there says he still holds its asur derabbanan.<ref> Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 9:11 and [[Maggid]] Mishnah there, (Kesef Mishnah on Rambam 2:11, and Mishnah Brurah 330) </ref> | ||
*Rav Moshe and Rav Yitzchak Yaakov Weiss say same with a toothbrush because the bristles are tightly packed and therefore you can’t use even liquid toothpaste and can’t wet it before.<ref> Iggeros Moshe (1:112) and Minchat Yitzchak 3:48. 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 373) agrees. </ref> | *Rav Moshe and Rav Yitzchak Yaakov Weiss say same with a toothbrush because the bristles are tightly packed and therefore you can’t use even liquid toothpaste and can’t wet it before.<ref> Iggeros Moshe (1:112) and Minchat Yitzchak 3:48. 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 373) agrees. </ref> | ||
*The Sridei Esh <ref> Sridei Esh 1:30 </ref> | *The Sridei Esh <ref> Sridei Esh 1:30 (in 1999 Jerusalem version, and 1:28 in the older version) </ref> culls a few reasons that we can be lenient with [[sechita]] with a toothbrush. | ||
#Says [[sechita]] is not a problem because you're not intending to squeeze out the toothbrush so its pesik resha (a consequence that will automatically happen)dilo nicha leh (that he doesn't need) on a dirabanan.<ref> The source to be mekil in that case is based on Magen Avraham orach chaim (253:41) and Shu”t terumat hadeshen 64. However, Rama 316:3 disagrees with this assumption </ref> | #Says [[sechita]] is not a problem because you're not intending to squeeze out the toothbrush so its pesik resha (a consequence that will automatically happen)dilo nicha leh (that he doesn't need) on a dirabanan.<ref> The source to be mekil in that case is based on Magen Avraham orach chaim (253:41) and Shu”t terumat hadeshen 64. However, Rama 316:3 disagrees with this assumption </ref> | ||
# He also says that since main issue involved is [[sechita]] (because of mifarek, which is a form of [[Dash]]) it is permitted since the water or toothpaste goes to waste when you're done. However, had the issue been libun, the fact that the water or toothpaste goes to waste afterwards wouldn't be enough of a reason to permit.<ref> It is a problem of [[dash]] and not libun because the Magen Avraham Seif Katan 19 on shulchan aruch 320:15 says that if the garments main function is to absorb the liquid, (which a toothbrush is) then there is no concern that he will come to launder it). In that case, if the liquid goes to waste after violating [[dash]], then it is permitted. (Shulchan Aruch Orach chaim 320) </ref> | # He also says that since main issue involved is [[sechita]] (because of mifarek, which is a form of [[Dash]]) it is permitted since the water or toothpaste goes to waste when you're done. However, had the issue been libun, the fact that the water or toothpaste goes to waste afterwards wouldn't be enough of a reason to permit.<ref> It is a problem of [[dash]] and not libun because the Magen Avraham Seif Katan 19 on shulchan aruch 320:15 says that if the garments main function is to absorb the liquid, (which a toothbrush is) then there is no concern that he will come to launder it). In that case, if the liquid goes to waste after violating [[dash]], then it is permitted. (Shulchan Aruch Orach chaim 320) </ref> | ||
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===Uvdin Dichol=== | ===Uvdin Dichol=== | ||
<p class="indent">There is no clear definition of what uvdin dichol is. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman defines it as if you do something during the week that would be assur on [[Shabbat]] and then on [[Shabbat]] do the same actions with the same objects just a little differently.<Ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Meor Hasshabbat Letter 2:2</ref> Rav Moshe defines it as something that is an easily recognizable weekday activity even if it requires no melachot to be done.<ref>Iggerot Moshe 4:74 </ref> Mishna Brurah (314:41) says that to use a vegetable grinder to grind eggs or cheese would be uvdin dichol. He also says in (303:87) that you can't use a comb even to lightly brush your hair to one side, but instead should get a special brush for [[Shabbat]] with soft bristles so its not uvdin dichol.</p> | <p class="indent">There is no clear definition of what uvdin dichol is. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman defines it as if you do something during the week that would be assur on [[Shabbat]] and then on [[Shabbat]] do the same actions with the same objects just a little differently.<Ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Meor Hasshabbat Letter 2:2</ref> Rav Moshe defines it as something that is an easily recognizable weekday activity even if it requires no melachot to be done.<ref>Iggerot Moshe 4:74 </ref> Mishna Brurah (314:41) says that to use a vegetable grinder to grind eggs or cheese would be uvdin dichol. He also says in (303:87) that you can't use a comb even to lightly brush your hair to one side, but instead should get a special brush for [[Shabbat]] with soft bristles so its not uvdin dichol.</p> | ||
<p class="indent">Minchat Yitzchak 3:50 and Rav Ovadia say that this would be a problem unless a special toothbrush is used.<ref> Seemingly then Rav Ovadia would be using a definition of uvdin dichol other than the one's of Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Moshe, because for them there is no way to violate uvdin dichol on an action that's permissible during the week.</ref> Rav Schachter said intuitively he feels there’s no problem of uvdin dichol with brushing teeth.<ref> Quoted by [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/752802/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Brushing_Teeth_on_Shabbos Rabbi Lebowitz], using the rule that the Chazon Ish said that the parameters of uvdin dichol are defined by the poskim of each generation (39 melachos, Introduction to [[Shabbos]] endnote 522). </ref></p> | <p class="indent">Minchat Yitzchak 3:50 and Rav Ovadia say that this would be a problem unless a special toothbrush is used.<ref> Seemingly then Rav Ovadia would be using a definition of uvdin dichol other than the one's of Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Moshe, because for them there is no way to violate uvdin dichol on an action that's permissible during the week. Yalkut Yosef 326:15 writes that it is proper to be strict to get a Shabbat toothbrush to avoid uvdin dichol.</ref> Rav Schachter said intuitively he feels there’s no problem of uvdin dichol with brushing teeth.<ref> Quoted by [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/752802/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Brushing_Teeth_on_Shabbos Rabbi Lebowitz], using the rule that the Chazon Ish said that the parameters of uvdin dichol are defined by the poskim of each generation (39 melachos, Introduction to [[Shabbos]] endnote 522). </ref></p> | ||
===Chavalah=== | ===Chavalah=== | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
{{Shabbat Table}} | |||
