Bedikat Chametz: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
→What
(→What) |
|||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
==What== | ==What== | ||
# Some poskim say that one must search even for crumbs of Chametz and remove them.<Ref> [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14336&pgnum=348 Chazon Ish OC 116:18] writes that you need to section off chametz crumbs like chametz of a non-Jew (Pesachim 6a). See regarding checking sefarim that the Chazon Ish checked his sefarim for crumbs. See, however, Gemara Pesachim 6b that implies that crumbs aren't significant and don't need bedika. Maharam Chalavah 6b s.v. may maintains that one doesn't need to destroy a crumb less than a kezayit except for dough pieces which could combine into a kezayit. This also seems evident from Piskei Rid 6b and Rosh Pesachim 1:9. Magen Avraham 432:5 also implies that crumbs don't need bedika.</ref> However, most poskim say that there's no obligation to check for crumbs of chametz, but the places where one will have kosher for [[pesach]] food must be cleaned of all crumbs of chametz so that not even a crumb gets into the food which will be eaten on [[Pesach]].<Ref> Pesachim 6b implies that crumbs are unimportant and don't need to be checked for. [http://ph.yhb.org.il/category/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97/04-%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA-%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A5/ Rabbi Eliezer Melamed in Peninei Halacha] says that the halacha is that one doesn't have to check for crumbs of chametz but in the areas where one will have kosher [[pesach]] food one must remove all crumbs of chametz. He brings the Shaar HaTziyun 442:60 as his proof. Yabia Omer OC 7:43, Or Letzion 1:32, and Halichot Shlomo ch. 5 fnt. 10 agree. | # Some poskim say that one must search even for crumbs of Chametz and remove them.<Ref> [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=14336&pgnum=348 Chazon Ish OC 116:18] writes that you need to section off chametz crumbs like chametz of a non-Jew (Pesachim 6a). See regarding checking sefarim that the Chazon Ish checked his sefarim for crumbs. See, however, Gemara Pesachim 6b that implies that crumbs aren't significant and don't need bedika. Maharam Chalavah 6b s.v. may maintains that one doesn't need to destroy a crumb less than a kezayit except for dough pieces which could combine into a kezayit. This also seems evident from Piskei Rid 6b and Rosh Pesachim 1:9. Magen Avraham 432:5 also implies that crumbs don't need bedika.</ref> However, most poskim say that there's no obligation to check for crumbs of chametz, but the places where one will have kosher for [[pesach]] food must be cleaned of all crumbs of chametz so that not even a crumb gets into the food which will be eaten on [[Pesach]].<Ref> Pesachim 6b implies that crumbs are unimportant and don't need to be checked for. [http://ph.yhb.org.il/category/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97/04-%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA-%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A5/ Rabbi Eliezer Melamed in Peninei Halacha] says that the halacha is that one doesn't have to check for crumbs of chametz but in the areas where one will have kosher [[pesach]] food one must remove all crumbs of chametz. He brings the Shaar HaTziyun 442:60 as his proof. Yabia Omer OC 7:43, Or Letzion 1:32, and Halichot Shlomo ch. 5 fnt. 10 agree. | ||
* For more details see Yabia Omer 7:43 who quotes many sources on the matter. Rashi Pesachim 45a s.v. mklal writes that it isn't necessary to destroy chametz that is less than a kezayit and one doesn't violate Baal Yiraeh on less than a kezayit. Ri Mlunil Pesachim 45a s.v. amar, Talmidei Harashba 45a, Trumat Hadeshen (Pesakim 168), Shulchan Aruch O.C. 442:11, and Magen Avraham 442:10 all agree with this opinion. The Taz 442:5 wonders why it isn't necessary to | * For more details see Yabia Omer 7:43 who quotes many sources on the matter. Rashi Pesachim 45a s.v. mklal writes that it isn't necessary to destroy chametz that is less than a kezayit and one doesn't violate Baal Yiraeh on less than a kezayit. Ri Mlunil Pesachim 45a s.v. amar, Talmidei Harashba 45a, Trumat Hadeshen (Pesakim 168), Shulchan Aruch O.C. 442:11, and Magen Avraham 442:10 all agree with this opinion. The Taz 442:5 wonders why it isn't necessary to destroy chametz less than a kezayit, even though there is no Baal Yiraeh because of the concern that one will come to eat it. Bigdei Shesh 442 explains that even though eating chametz that is less than a kezayit is biblically forbidden it isn't karet and therefore, it isn't necessary to remove. Peni Yehoshua 45a and Magen Haelef 442:11 agree. This is also the opinion of the Meiri 45b s.v. shni, Maharam Chalavah Pesachim 6b, Shulchan Gavoha 442:22, Pri Chadash 442:8 that one doesn't have to remove chametz less than a kezayit unless it is like dough that could stick together. Maharil (Drashot Afiyat Matzot), Magen Avraham 460:2, Shiurei Knesset Hagedola, Eliya Rabba, Graz, Pri Chadash, Zera Emet 1:48, and Mateh Moshe 579 there agree. Riaz (Pesachim ch. 2 2:2) quotes his grandfather the Rid who says that crumbs which do not stick do not need to be removed, however, the Riaz disagrees and thinks that there's no distinction between dough and crumbs and everything needs to be removed. Also, Magen Avraham 442:10 quotes poskim who are strict with owning less than a kezayit, though the Magen Haelef 442:10 argues. Yabia Omer rules like the Meiri, Rid, and Maharam Chalavah as well as the many achronim who think it isn't necessary to remove or destroy crumbs. Rabbi Akiva Eiger 1:218 likes the suggestion of the questioner that even though there is no baal yiraeh on less than a kezayit there is a mitzvah of tashbitu.</ref> | ||
# Chametz that is buried in the cracks in the floor or between the back of a cabinet and the wall and people can’t reach one doesn’t have to do Bedika there.<Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 433:4 </ref> | # Chametz that is buried in the cracks in the floor or between the back of a cabinet and the wall and people can’t reach one doesn’t have to do Bedika there.<Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 433:4 </ref> | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
# If a person leaves one’s house more than 30 days before [[Pesach]] and doesn’t plan to return for [[Pesach]] one doesn’t have to do Bedika.<Ref>Gemara Pesachim 6a, Rif Pesachim 2b, Rambam Chametz Umatza 2:19, Rosh Pesachim 1:8, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 436:1.</ref> Nonetheless one must do Bitul when the times comes wherever one is.<ref> | # If a person leaves one’s house more than 30 days before [[Pesach]] and doesn’t plan to return for [[Pesach]] one doesn’t have to do Bedika.<Ref>Gemara Pesachim 6a, Rif Pesachim 2b, Rambam Chametz Umatza 2:19, Rosh Pesachim 1:8, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 436:1.</ref> Nonetheless one must do Bitul when the times comes wherever one is.<ref> | ||
* Rashi Pesachim 6a s.v. afilu holds that it is unnecessary even to do bitul if one is leaving prior to 30 days. He doesn't explain why there is no problem of Baal Yiraeh owning chametz on Pesach. The Bach 436:1 answers that chametz left out for 30 days will be destroyed by dicentrgrating, putrifying, or being eaten by rodents or bugs. Thus, it is possible on a Torah level not to be concerned for the chametz if it was left in the house for 30 days.[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=20516&st=&pgnum=254 Baal Haitur (Biur Chametz p. 120a)] seems to explain that Rashi is lenient because it is like chametz that a wall fell upon. Even though it is true that even if a wall collapses upon chametz bitul is still necessary (Gemara Pesachim 31b) that is only rabbinic and might not apply in this case (see Bach). See Petach Dvir (fnt. 80 to Baal Haitur) who rejects that understanding of the Baal Haitur. | * Rashi Pesachim 6a s.v. afilu holds that it is unnecessary even to do bitul if one is leaving prior to 30 days. He doesn't explain why there is no problem of Baal Yiraeh owning chametz on Pesach. The Bach 436:1 answers that chametz left out for 30 days will be destroyed by dicentrgrating, putrifying, or being eaten by rodents or bugs. Thus, it is possible on a Torah level not to be concerned for the chametz if it was left in the house for 30 days.[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=20516&st=&pgnum=254 Baal Haitur (Biur Chametz p. 120a)] seems to explain that Rashi is lenient because it is like chametz that a wall fell upon. Even though it is true that even if a wall collapses upon chametz bitul is still necessary (Gemara Pesachim 31b) that is only rabbinic and might not apply in this case (see Bach). See Petach Dvir (fnt. 80 to Baal Haitur) who rejects that understanding of the Baal Haitur. | ||
* The Tosfot Harosh Pesachim 6a s.v. iy, Chidushei Haran Pesachim 6a, Ran on Rif 2b s.v. garsinan dispute Rashi and all hold that it is necessary to do bitul even when you leave before 30 days and are exempt from bedika. The Bet Yosef 436:1 quotes the Ran without any dispute and Rama 436:1 codifies it as the halacha. The Gra 436:4 clarifies that it indeed a | * The Tosfot Harosh Pesachim 6a s.v. iy, Chidushei Haran Pesachim 6a, Ran on Rif 2b s.v. garsinan dispute Rashi and all hold that it is necessary to do bitul even when you leave before 30 days and are exempt from bedika. The Bet Yosef 436:1 quotes the Ran without any dispute and Rama 436:1 codifies it as the halacha. The Gra 436:4 clarifies that it indeed a biblical problem if one doesn't do bitul. Sephardim also agree with this Rama as the Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh Orach Chayim 436:12:1 writes.</ref> | ||
# If a person leaves one’s house within 30 days of [[Pesach]] and doesn’t plan to return for [[Pesach]] one must do Bedika with a candle the night before one leaves and then do [[Bitul Chametz]] afterwards, however the Bedika is done without a Bracha.<Ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 436:1 </ref> Even if one plans on returning before Pesach one should do bedika before leaving in case one gets delayed until right before Pesach when it is too late to do bedika upon returning.<ref>Rambam Chametz Umatza 2:19 writes that if one leaves and intends to return home for Pesach one should do bedika before leaving in case one gets delayed and can't bedika when one returns. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 436:1 agrees. Rashi Pesachim 6a s.v. dayto implies that only if one inteded to reutrn in the middle of pesach is it necessary to do bedika before leaving, otherwise one could do beidka upon returning. Ran Pesachim 2b s.v. chemso spells this out and notes the disagreement with the Rambam. He supports Rashi's reading based on the Yerushalmi.</ref>This only applies if one left for a long trip but if one left for a short trip then there's no concern that one will be delayed. The determination of what is a long trip or short trip all depends on the circumstances. The most factor is whether one left oneself enough time to return home to do bedika even in the event of a delay.<ref>Mishna Brurah 436:9</ref> | # If a person leaves one’s house within 30 days of [[Pesach]] and doesn’t plan to return for [[Pesach]] one must do Bedika with a candle the night before one leaves and then do [[Bitul Chametz]] afterwards, however the Bedika is done without a Bracha.<Ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 436:1 </ref> Even if one plans on returning before Pesach one should do bedika before leaving in case one gets delayed until right before Pesach when it is too late to do bedika upon returning.<ref>Rambam Chametz Umatza 2:19 writes that if one leaves and intends to return home for Pesach one should do bedika before leaving in case one gets delayed and can't bedika when one returns. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 436:1 agrees. Rashi Pesachim 6a s.v. dayto implies that only if one inteded to reutrn in the middle of pesach is it necessary to do bedika before leaving, otherwise one could do beidka upon returning. Ran Pesachim 2b s.v. chemso spells this out and notes the disagreement with the Rambam. He supports Rashi's reading based on the Yerushalmi.</ref>This only applies if one left for a long trip but if one left for a short trip then there's no concern that one will be delayed. The determination of what is a long trip or short trip all depends on the circumstances. The most factor is whether one left oneself enough time to return home to do bedika even in the event of a delay.<ref>Mishna Brurah 436:9</ref> | ||
## Since one is not going to be home for [[Pesach]] it is sufficient to do a proper Bedika according to the law by just looking for the Chametz (though not just a superficial look) and one doesn’t have to drive oneself crazy like one does every year. <Ref> Rav Schachter on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 2:30 and 5 </ref> | ## Since one is not going to be home for [[Pesach]] it is sufficient to do a proper Bedika according to the law by just looking for the Chametz (though not just a superficial look) and one doesn’t have to drive oneself crazy like one does every year. <Ref> Rav Schachter on [https://oukosher.org/passover/webcast/pre-pesach/ou-kosher-pre-pesach-webcast-5771-2011/ OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 2:30 and 5 </ref> | ||
| Line 135: | Line 135: | ||
===The Shul=== | ===The Shul=== | ||
# A gabbai or other appointed individual should perform Bedika in the Shul or Bet Midrash. Some say that one should make a Bracha on this Bedika <ref>Mishna Brurah 433:10, | # A gabbai or other appointed individual should perform Bedika in the Shul or Bet Midrash. Some say that one should make a Bracha on this Bedika <ref>Mishna Brurah 433:10, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 433, Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 1:287 </ref>, and some say that one shouldn’t make a Bracha <ref> Sh”t Maharsham 5:49, Aruch HaShulchan 433:12 </ref> and it’s preferable to have the one doing the Bedika to make a Bracha for Bedika of his home and then do Bedika in the Shul (without making an interruption not relevant to the Bedika). <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 433:6 </ref> | ||
## One doesn’t have to do [[Bitul Chametz]] after Bedika of the Shul or Bet Midrash <Ref>Mishna Brurah 433:43, Aruch HaShulchan 433:12 </ref> unless it belongs to an individual in which case one should do [[Bitul Chametz]].<ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Eider; pg 73) </ref> | ## One doesn’t have to do [[Bitul Chametz]] after Bedika of the Shul or Bet Midrash <Ref>Mishna Brurah 433:43, Aruch HaShulchan 433:12 </ref> unless it belongs to an individual in which case one should do [[Bitul Chametz]].<ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Eider; pg 73) </ref> | ||
| Line 163: | Line 163: | ||
# Nowadays when people clean the house of Chametz in advance, it’s enough to check to see if that area was cleaned from Chametz and if it wasn’t to remove the Chametz. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:1), Piskei Teshuvot 433:8, Or Yisrael (vol 35, pg 100-102, article by Rav Shlomo Wolfson) </ref> | # Nowadays when people clean the house of Chametz in advance, it’s enough to check to see if that area was cleaned from Chametz and if it wasn’t to remove the Chametz. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo (vol 1, 5:1), Piskei Teshuvot 433:8, Or Yisrael (vol 35, pg 100-102, article by Rav Shlomo Wolfson) </ref> | ||
==Scattering | ==Scattering Ten Pieces of Chametz== | ||
# The minhag is to scatter 10 pieces of Chametz to be found during the Bedika. <Ref>Rama 432:2, Mishna Brurah 432:13. Rama (432:2) quotes one opinion who says that the minhag to leave pieces of bread around the house is to ensure that one finds chametz to prevent a berakhah of biur chametz being said in vain. However, the Rama concludes, that it is not necessary since one’s intent in the berakhah is to destroy the chametz that one finds. Taz (432:4) discourages this minhag because one may misplace one of the placed pieces. On the other hand, Rabbi Yaakov Reischer in Chok Yaakov (432:13) defends the minhag and argues that putting out pieces encourages one to do a thorough check and not abandon the job if chametz is not found immediately. </ref> Nowadays when people clean the house of Chametz in advance, some say that one must scatter these pieces, while others maintain that it’s still not an obligation but only a minhag. <Ref> Shaar HaTziyun 432:12 quotes the Emek Halacha who maintains that nowadays when people clean the house in advance one must put out these 10 pieces of Chametz so that the Bracha on Bedika isn’t a Bracha Levatala. However, Halichot Shlomo 5:12 argues that one can still make the Bracha without putting out these pieces because the Bedika includes checking that the areas have been cleaned properly, nonetheless it’s still the minhag to do so.</ref> | # The minhag is to scatter 10 pieces of Chametz to be found during the Bedika.<Ref>Rama O.C. 432:2, Mishna Brurah 432:13. Rama (432:2) quotes one opinion who says that the minhag to leave pieces of bread around the house is to ensure that one finds chametz to prevent a berakhah of biur chametz being said in vain. However, the Rama concludes, that it is not necessary since one’s intent in the berakhah is to destroy the chametz that one finds. Taz (432:4) discourages this minhag because one may misplace one of the placed pieces. On the other hand, Rabbi Yaakov Reischer in Chok Yaakov (432:13) defends the minhag and argues that putting out pieces encourages one to do a thorough check and not abandon the job if chametz is not found immediately. </ref> Nowadays when people clean the house of Chametz in advance, some say that one must scatter these pieces, while others maintain that it’s still not an obligation but only a minhag.<Ref> Shaar HaTziyun 432:12 quotes the Emek Halacha who maintains that nowadays when people clean the house in advance one must put out these 10 pieces of Chametz so that the Bracha on Bedika isn’t a Bracha Levatala. Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia Pesach p. 36, Yabia Omer 9:88:12, 9:92:2, Yachava Daat 5:31) agrees with the Emek Halacha. However, Halichot Shlomo 5:12 argues that one can still make the Bracha without putting out these pieces because the Bedika includes checking that the areas have been cleaned properly, nonetheless it’s still the minhag to do so.</ref> | ||
# These pieces should be hard Chametz that doesn’t cause crumbs and it should be placed in an area that’s protected from children or mice. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 432:12 </ref> Additionally, it may be advisable to wrap it so that it doesn’t make crumbs. <Ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (pg 80) </ref> | # These pieces should be hard Chametz that doesn’t cause crumbs and it should be placed in an area that’s protected from children or mice.<Ref> Mishna Brurah 432:12 </ref> Additionally, it may be advisable to wrap it so that it doesn’t make crumbs.<Ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (pg 80) </ref> | ||
# One should be careful not to loss any of the pieces. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 432:13 </ref> | # One should be careful not to loss any of the pieces. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 432:13 </ref> | ||
