Molid

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The prohibition of Molid (making creative changes to a substance or creating a new entity on Shabbat) is general in nature and has many applications. [1]

Crushing and melting ice

  1. One may not crush ice on Shabbat, but one may place ice into a cup of water and have it melt on its own [2]
  2. One may walk on ice or snow on Shabbat and it is not a concern of melting ice. [3]
  3. One may melt ice on shabbat if the water which comes out goes to waste. Therefore, ice can be disposed of in the sink, or one may cool a bottle with ice. [4]
  4. One may place ice into a cup of liquid but one shouldn’t accelerate the melting by pressing the ice. [5] According to Sephardim one may shake the cup even if that accelerates the melting. [6]
  5. One shouldn’t put ice in a cup in order for the ice to melt and drink the water. If one did so, it’s advisable not to use the water but it’s not forbidden. [7]
  6. One should not place ice in a cup and intend to drink it when it melts. [8]
  7. One should not have a frozen milk or juice container melt or thaw unless there's an important need for the liquid. [9]
  8. One may break ice cubes that are frozen together in an ice tray because one does not intend to produce water from the breaking.[10]
  9. One may pour some water over the ice cubes so that he would be able to remove the ice cubes from the ice tray. [11]

Making ice on Shabbat

  1. One shouldn’t make ice on Shabbat unless one feels that one can’t do without them on Shabbat. [12]
  2. One may put food into the freezer or refrigerator. [13]

Snow

Snow on Shabbat

Defrosting food

  1. One may remove food from the freezer in order to thaw in order to eat it on Shabbat but not if it won’t be ready until after Shabbat. [14]

Ice Cream

  1. It’s permissible to melt ice cream in order to eat it as long as one doesn’t put in a place of 113 degrees. [15]
  2. One shouldn’t make ice cream from powder on Shabbat unless it’s a thin mixture, one puts the ingredients in the reverse order than usual, and one stirs it differently. [16]

Cooling a hot pot

  1. A may not place hot (over 113 degree) solid food or a Kli Rishon in cold water. However, one may place a Kli Sheni into cold water. [17]

Using whipped cream

  1. It is forbidden to use whipped topping or whipped cream from a can on Shabbat. [18]

Brushing Teeth

  1. Some poskim raise the issue of molid with regards to brushing teeth on Shabbat [19]

Electricity

  1. Some poskim raise the issue of molid with regards to electricity on Shabbat [20]

Sources

  1. ↑ Background
    The gemara Shabbat 51b writes that one may not crush now but may place it into a glass on Shabbat. There are a few different approaches to why it would be prohibited to crush snow:
    1. Rashba there explains that the prohibition is based on the prohibition of sechita (squeezing), that just as it is forbidden to squeeze fruit it is forbidden to squeeze ice. Maggid Mishne Rambam Shabbat 21:13 writes that the Rambam agrees with this Rashba.
    2. Rashi 51b “kdei” writes that you are being “molid” on Shabbat, and it is like a melacha. The Rosh 4:13 understands the sefer hateruma 234-235 as saying a similar idea
    3. The aforementioned Rashba quotes the sefer hateruma 234-235 understands that the problem is based on the muktzeh category of nolad. Since the result will be muktzeh since it is a newly created item, it would be prohibited.
  2. ↑ Gemara Shabbat 51b, S"A 320:9, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 364, 368), Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:74
  3. ↑ Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com, 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 368), Mishna Brurah 320:39
  4. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 10:1
  5. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 10:2
  6. ↑ Daily Halacha, Kaf Hachayim 320:60, Yalkut Yosef 320:27. Sh"t Lev Chaim 2:192 is stringent however.
  7. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 10:3
  8. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:74
  9. ↑ 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 358)
  10. ↑ 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 367), Yalkut Yosef 320:29
  11. ↑ Yalkut Yosef 320:30 in the footnote, Sh"t Az Nidberu 6:5 and 10:11
  12. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 10:14 and 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 370) write that one shouldn't make ice on Shabbat unless a need arises. Dovev Mesharim 1:55, Shevet Halevi 3:55 Chelkat Yaakov 2:98 also say not to make ice on Shabbat. The Shabbos Kitchen 177 footnote 22 quotes Or Hashabbos 4:107 in the name of Rav Moshe that you can make ice because it has no permanence. see also Tzitz Eliezer 6:34 and 8:12 as well as Minchat Yitzchak 8:24
  13. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 10:5, 10:9
  14. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 10:5, 10
  15. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 10:8
  16. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 8:9, 10:6
  17. ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 1:73
  18. ↑ 39 Melachos (vol 2, pg 371), Halachically Speaking (vol 4, Issue 16, pg 5) quoting Rav Yisrael Belsky (also in Shulchan Halevi 9:9), Shabbos Kitchen page 961 in the name of Rav Menashe Klein and Rav moshe Stern. However, Rivevot Ephraim 8:158:11 quotes that Rav Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg, Rav Dovid Feinstein and Rav Yaakov Yisrael Fisher were lenient and allowed it. Rav Daniel Mann quotes that Rav Mordechai Willig is lenient because the change from thick liquid to a foam isn't enough of a change to be considered molid. see Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz for an elaboration
  19. ↑ see Brushing Teeth on Shabbat
  20. ↑ see Electricity on Shabbat
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