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Reference of Measurements in Halacha: Difference between revisions
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Reference of Measurements in Halacha (view source)
Revision as of 01:07, 17 July 2024
, 17 July 2024→Applying these Times: There are other times given for misheyakir, but I think what you wrote suffices. Should I write in the footnote a few more sources? Maybe a short explanation of what misheyakir is would be helpful.
(→Applying these Times: There are other times given for misheyakir, but I think what you wrote suffices. Should I write in the footnote a few more sources? Maybe a short explanation of what misheyakir is would be helpful.) |
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==== Applying these Times ==== | ==== Applying these Times ==== | ||
There are three methods in the ''poskim'' as to the practical application of the aforementioned times: degrees, ''shaot zmaniot, shaot shavot.'' | |||
# There are three methods in the ''poskim'' as to the practical application of the aforementioned times: degrees, ''shaot zmaniot, shaot shavot.'' | |||
===== Degrees ===== | ===== Degrees ===== | ||
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===Misheyakir=== | ===Misheyakir=== | ||
#There is a wide range of opinions precisely when | #There is a wide range of opinions precisely when ''misheyakir'' occurs in Jerusalem on a perfect day, when there are exactly 12 daylight hours, and every seasonal hour consists of 60 minutes. The three opinions include: 35 minutes before sunrise,<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Le-Torah ve-Hora'ah Vol. 3:7 and in Iggeros Moshe OC 4:6 holds of 35 minutes. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes liyaakov OC 58:1 rules that it is 36 minutes before sunrise. Zmanei Halacha LeMaaseh (pg 19) holds of 40 minutes before sunrise. </ref> 60 minutes before sunrise,<ref>Rav Tukaczinsky in Sefer Eretz Yisrael 1:4 (pg 18), Kaf HaChaim 18:18, Sh"t Binyan Tzion 2:16 hold of 60 minutes before sunrise. Nivreshet (vol 1, pg 43) holds of 52 minutes.</ref> and 66 minutes before sunrise.<ref>Rav Ovadya Yoseh in Yechave Daat 2:8</ref> | ||
#The various opinions would then have to be | #The various opinions would then have to be adapted for other regions and for different times of year.<ref>*There are two factors at work here: First, the processes of daybreak and nightfall occur faster at places near the equator than places further away from the equator. Second, the speed of these processes are also affected by the seasons. | ||
*A common solution would be to use seasonal minutes. In order to calculate a seasonal hour, one would need to add up all the daytime minutes and then divide by 12 to get the number of minutes that are in each seasonal hour. For instance, if there were 11 hours of daylight, each seasonal hour would consist of 55 minutes. To further complicate matters, there are two ways of counting the daytime minutes: The Magen Avraham counts from dawn until nightfall with the emergence of 3 stars, whereas the Gra counts from sunrise to sunset. | *A common solution would be to use seasonal minutes. In order to calculate a seasonal hour, one would need to add up all the daytime minutes and then divide by 12 to get the number of minutes that are in each seasonal hour. For instance, if there were 11 hours of daylight, each seasonal hour would consist of 55 minutes. To further complicate matters, there are two ways of counting the daytime minutes: The Magen Avraham counts from dawn until nightfall with the emergence of 3 stars, whereas the Gra counts from sunrise to sunset. | ||
*Another means for calculation, which has only recently been implemented, is to compare the level of brightness by using the relative position of the sun. For instance, it has been determined that 60 minutes before sunrise on a perfect day in Jerusalem the sun is 12.9 degrees below the horizon. Therefore, if one wanted to find the equivalent time anywhere in the world during any season, he would simply determine at what time the sun will be 12.9 degrees below the horizon in that locale on that day and that would be the extrapolated Meshiyakir.</ref> Thus, according to the commonly accepted opinion that | *Another means for calculation, which has only recently been implemented, is to compare the level of brightness by using the relative position of the sun. For instance, it has been determined that 60 minutes before sunrise on a perfect day in Jerusalem the sun is 12.9 degrees below the horizon. Therefore, if one wanted to find the equivalent time anywhere in the world during any season, he would simply determine at what time the sun will be 12.9 degrees below the horizon in that locale on that day and that would be the extrapolated Meshiyakir.</ref> Thus, according to the commonly accepted opinion that ''misheyakir'' is between 50 and 60 minutes before sunrise in Jerusalem, in New York, it could be anywhere from 56-73 minutes before sunrise.<ref>MyZmanim.com. These figures are determined using MyZmanim’s earliest published position of 11.5 degrees below the horizon. Unfortunately, MyZmanim.com only offers calculations based upon 10.2 degrees, 11 degrees, and 11.5 degrees but not 12.9 degrees. It is unfortunate because 12.9 degrees correlates to Rav Tukaczinsky’s 60 minutes before sunrise which, although is a very lenient position is also well collaborated and accepted. | ||
*[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rav Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, 2011, min 21-23) mentions in passing that [[MeSheYakir]] is about 40 or 50 minutes before sunrise. | *[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rav Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, 2011, min 21-23) mentions in passing that [[MeSheYakir]] is about 40 or 50 minutes before sunrise. | ||
