Yaaleh VeYavo and Karpas: Difference between pages

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[[Image: Yaaleh_VeYavo.gif |right|thumb|Text of Yaaleh VeYavo]]
==Obligation==
Yaaleh VeYavo is a special [[prayer]] inserted in [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and [[Birkat HaMazon]] on the [[holidays]]. The laws of if someone forgets to mention Yaaleh VeYavo are organized below:
# The first food on the [[Kaarah]] ([[Seder]] Plate) is the karpas. Some hold that it's one of the mitzvot of the night to demonstrate slavery and freedom, while others hold that it's only brought to get the children to ask.<ref> The simple explanation of the Gemara Pesachim 114 is that we dip the Karpas to get the children to ask. However, Rambam holds that one has to eat a [[Kezayit]] of the Karpas implying that the Karpas has the status of a mitzvah of the night. See Rav Yosef D. Soloveitchik (Haggadat Si'ach HaGrid no. 5) who explains this more fully. The other aspects to Karpas is sourced in the Minhagim (Haggadah 16) who says that Karpas is eaten before the meal to act like royalty who serve appetizers before a meal. Lastly, the Avudraham (Seder HaHaggadah s.v. Vekatav HaRaavad) writes that Karpas represents the idea of slavery through the letters of Karpas spelled backwards: "Samech" which is equal to 60 (corresponding to the 600,000 who left Egypt) and the Avodat "Parech" (back-breaking labor). This can also be reflected in the practice to dip Karpas in salt water. </ref>
==Yaaleh Vyavo in Shemonah Esrei==
===Chol HaMoed===
# On [[Chol HaMoed]], one should insert Yaaleh VeYavo in [[Shemoneh Esrei]] during the Bracha of Avoda (Retzeh). If one forgot to say Yaaleh VeYavo and remembered before concluding [[Shemoneh Esrei]] (with Yeyihu LeRatzon) one should return to Retzeh and continue from there. However, if one only remembered after finishing [[Shemoneh Esrei]], one must repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 124:10, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 19:11, [[Tefillah]] KeHilchato 23:106 </ref>
===Rosh Chodesh===
# On [[Rosh Chodesh]] one should say Yaaleh VeYavo during Retzeh of [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 422:1 </ref>
# If one forgets Yaaleh VeYavo at [[Mariv/Arvit]] once one finished the Bracha of Retzeh (and all the more so if one finished [[Shemoneh Esrei]]) one doesn’t return to the Bracha or repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. The same is true whether it is the first or second day of [[Rosh Chodesh]]. <Ref>Gemara [[Brachot]] 30b says that if one forgot Yaaleh VeYavo at [[Mariv]]/Arivt one shouldn’t repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]] because the Bet Din doesn’t sanctify the moon during the night. The Gemara says that it doesn’t matter whether it’s the first or second day of [[Rosh Chodesh]]. This is codified in Tur and S”A 422:1. </ref>
## If one forgot to say Yaaleh VeYavo and remembered before Baruch Atta Hashem one should go back to Yaaleh VeYavo and continue from there. However if one remembers after Baruch Atta Hashem then one doesn’t go back. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 294:7, 422:2 </ref>
# If one forgot Yaaleh VeYavo in [[Shacharit]] or [[Mincha]] and remembers:
* before saying Baruch Atta Hashem one should return to Yaaleh VeYavo
* after saying Baruch Atta Hashem one conclude the Bracha with the words “Lamdeni Chukecha” and then return to Yaaleh VeYavo.  
* after saying HaMachzir…LeTzion but didn’t begin Modim, one should say Yaaleh VeYavo right there and continue with Modim.  
* after beginning Modim before Yeheu LeRatzon one should return to Retzah and continue from there. <ref> S”A 422:1, Mishna Brurah 422:5, Ishei Yisrael 39:18, See Igrot Moshe 4:93 </ref>
* after finishing [[Shemoneh Esrei]], repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref> S”A 422:1 </ref>
# If one forgot to say Yaaleh Veyavo in [[Shacharit]] and then remembers at the beginning of [[Mussaf]] (within first three [[Brachot]]) one should continue with [[Shacharit]] and then say [[Mussaf]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 422:4 </ref>
# If one already said [[Mussaf]], it’s a dispute and one should make a stipulation that if I’m obligated to say another [[Tefillah]] it should count as an obligatory [[Tefillah]] and if not it should be considered a nedavah. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 422:4 </ref>
# If someone is in doubt whether or not one said Yaaleh VeYavo then one should repeat [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 422:10 </ref>
# If someone thought to say Yaaleh VeYavo before [[Davening]] and then a long time afterwards remembers vaguely then one is assumed to have fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> Mishna Brurah 422:10 </ref>
# However, if one remembered immediately afterwards then we assume that one didn’t say Yaaleh VeYavo. <ref> Mishna Brurah 422:10 </ref>
# If one forgot to say Yaaleh VeYavo in [[Mincha]] of [[Rosh Chodesh]] and only remembers at night (after [[Rosh Chodesh]]) one should say two [[Shemoneh Esrei]]s of [[Maariv]] (without Yaaleh VeYavo) as [[Tashlumin]] and the second one should be said with a stipulation of being a voluntary [[prayer]] (if I’m obligated let this be a obligatory [[prayer]] and if not let it be a voluntary one). <ref>S”A 108:11, Mishna Brurah 108:33-34 </ref>
# If the hazzan forgot to say yaale veyavo during his silent amida, he does not go back and repeat it. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, Volume 1, Page 116 </ref>
# If the hazzan forgot to say [[yaaleh veyavo]] during the chazart hashatz, he should not repeat the chazara. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, Volume 1, Page 116 </ref> If the hazzan forgot to say yaale veyavo during the chazarat hashatz but remembered before he finished, he should go back to "retze" and then finish the chazara. <ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, Volume 1, Page 116 </ref>


==Yaaleh VeYavo in Benching==
==Type of Vegetable==
===Rosh Chodesh===
# It's preferable to have celery as Karpas. However, there are differing minhagim and some of them include potato, radish, or parsley. Nonetheless, one should be careful to check for bugs, and if one is unable to check, one can fulfill their obligation with any vegetable, yet one should be careful it has the bracha of HaAdama.<ref> The Gemara Pesachim 114a doesn't identfy what vegetable should be taken as the vegetable dipped before the meal. Manhig (Siman 60) writes the Minhag is to do it with Karpas because of the drasha on the letters of Samach Parech. Arizal (quoted by Od Yosed Chai Tzav 6, Kaf HaChaim 473:14, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 34)) writes that the minhag of using Karpas is established and shouldn't be changed. Rashi ([[Sukkah]] 39b) says that Karpas could be translated as cress (similar to parsley) but he heard (from his rabbis) that Karpas is translated as Apie. Sh"t Chatom Sofer 132 in the name of his teacher Rabbi Natan Adler says that the Apie vegetable is celery. Machasit haShekel (473:4) in name of medical books, and Sh"t Bet Shearim 213 concur that Karpas is celery. Halichot Shlomo writes that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach when he was younger ate celery and in his later years had cucumber as Karpas. </ref>
# On [[Rosh Chodesh]] one should insert Yaaleh VeYavo in the middle of the third Bracha of [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref>S”A 188:4, 5 </ref>
# Rambam holds that it can be whatever one has <ref> Peirush Hamishnayos (Pesachim 10:3) </ref>
# On [[Rosh chodesh]] in [[Birkat HaMazon]] if one forgot Yaaleh VeYavo and one realized:
## before saying Hashem’s name at the end of the third Bracha one should return to Yaaleh VeYavo and then continue from there. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 510) </ref>
## after saying Hashem’s name but before saying Boneh Yerushalayim one should immediately say למדני חוקיך which is the conclusion of a פסוק in Tehillim and then return to Yaaleh Veyavo and continue from there. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 510) </ref>
## after finishing the third Bracha before starting the fourth Bracha one should insert a special Bracha ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם שנתן ראשי חדשים לעמו ישראל לזכרון. <Ref>S”A 188:7 writes that whether it’s by day or night if one remembers that one forgot Yaaleh VaYavo between the third and fourth Bracha should insert the special Bracha of ברוך שנתן ראשי חדשים לעמו ישראל לזכרון. Beiur Halacha s.v. Omer and Mishna Brurah 188:25 conclude that one should say אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם in the beginning of the Bracha.</ref>
## within the first six words of the fourth Bracha (ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם) one should continue with the special Bracha (שנתן...) mentioned in the last option. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 515) </ref>
## after one said the seventh word in the fourth Bracha one should continue and not repeat Birkat Hamazon. <Ref>S”A 188:7 writes that one doesn’t need to repeat [[Birkat HaMazon]] if one forgot Yaaleh VeYavo on [[Rosh Chodesh]] because there’s no obligation to have a bread meal on [[Rosh Chodesh]]. </ref>
===Yom Tov===
# On [[Yom Tov]] one should insert Yaaleh VeYavo in the middle of the third Bracha of [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref>S”A 188:4,5 </ref>
# If one forgot Yaaleh VeYavo and one realized:
## before saying Hashem’s name at the end of the third Bracha one should return to Yaaleh VeYavo and then continue from there. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 510) </ref>
## after saying Hashem’s name but before saying Boneh Yerushalayim one should immediately say למדני חוקיך which is the conclusion of a פסוק in Tehillim and then return to Yaaleh Veyavo and continue from there. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 510) </ref>
## after finishing the third Bracha before starting the fourth Bracha one should insert a special Bracha ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם שנתן ימים טובים לעמו ישראל לששון ולשמחה את יום חג (פלוני) הזה ברוך אתה ה' מקדש ישראל והזמנים. . <ref>S”A 188:6 </ref>
## within the first six words of the fourth Bracha (ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם) one should continue with the special Bracha (שנתן...) mentioned in the last option. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 515) </ref>
## after one said the seventh word in the fourth Bracha one must repeat [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref> S”A 188:6 writes that on [[Yom Tov]] if one forgot to say Yaaleh VeYavo in [[Birkat HaMazon]] one must repeat [[Birkat HaMazon]]. Mishna Brurah 188:26 quotes Magen Avraham who says that this only applies to the nighttime meal and first daytime meal but the second daytime meal one doesn’t have to repeat [[Birkat HaMazon]]. </ref>
===Chol HaMoed===
# On [[Chol HaMoed]], one should insert Yaaleh VeYavo in the middle of the third Bracha of [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref>S”A 188:4,5 </ref>
# If one forgot Yaaleh VeYavo and one realized:
## before saying Hashem’s name at the end of the third Bracha, one should return to Yaaleh VeYavo and then continue from there. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 510) </ref>
## after saying Hashem’s name but before saying Boneh Yerushalayim, one should immediately say למדני חוקיך which is the conclusion of a פסוק in Tehillim and then return to Yaaleh Veyavo and continue from there. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 510) </ref>
## after finishing the third Bracha before starting the fourth Bracha one should insert a special Bracha ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם שנתן מועדים לעמו ישראל לששון ולשמחה את יום חג  (פלוני) הזה <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 513) writes that the special Bracha to insert on [[Chol HaMoed]] is ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם שנתן מועדים לעמו ישראל לששון ולשמחה את יום חג. (פלוני) הזה. This is based on Mishna Brurah 188:27 who writes that the special Bracha of [[Chol HaMoed]] doesn’t have a conclusion like the Bracha of [[Rosh Chodesh]]. </ref>
## within the first six words of the fourth Bracha (ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם), one should continue with the special Bracha (שנתן...) mentioned in the last option. <ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 515) </ref>
## after one said the seventh word in the fourth Bracha, one should continue and not repeat Birkat Hamazon. <Ref> S”A 188:7 writes that one doesn’t need to repeat [[Birkat HaMazon]] if one forgot Yaaleh VeYavo on [[Chol HaMoed]] because there’s no obligation to have a bread meal on [[Chol HaMoed]]. </ref>
===Shabbat and [[Rosh Chodesh]]/Chol Hamoed/Yom Tov===
# In a situation where one needs to recite retzeh for [[shabbat]] in addition to [[yaaleh veyavo]] for whatever occasion, retzeh should be recited first. <ref> Chazon Ovadia [[Berachot]] page 98 in accordance with the rule of tadir vishe'ayno tadir, tadir kodem. </ref>
# If one began to say [[yaaleh veyavo]] before saying retzeh some poskim say he should continue with [[yaaleh veyavo]] and when he finishes to say retzeh <ref> Chazon Ovadia [[Berachot]] page 98, Mikor Chaim 188: page 330, Sh"t Divrei Malkiel 1:10, Sh"t Maharshag 1:22. In Chazon Ovadia, Chacham Ovadia Yosef says that preferably one should add "et yom hashabbat hazeh" before mentioning the day for which you're saying [[yaaleh veyavo]]. </ref> and other poskim say to stop wherever you remembered and say retzeh and [[yaaleh veyavo]] in the proper order. <ref> The Shaagas Aryeh 20 says that one should stop there and say retze and [[Yaaleh VeYavo]] in the correct order. Sh"t Rav Pealim 2:40 says the same, and brings a proof from the Rama 684:6 where he says that for torah reading if you start [[chanuka]]’s before [[rosh chodesh]]’s, then stop and do [[rosh chodesh]]’s reading. </ref>
===If meal extended after sunset===
# If the meal extended until after sunset on [[Rosh Chodesh]] one should say Yaaleh VeYavo in [[Birkat HaMazon]] since we follow the beginning of the meal. If, however, one already said [[Maariv]], one should not insert Yaaleh VeYavo in [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 188:10, Mishna Brurah 188:34, Vezot HaBracha (p. 144)</ref>
# If the meal extended until after sunset on [[Yom Tov]], Chol Hamoed, or [[Rosh Chodesh]] and one has to insert the special Bracha between the third and fourth Bracha this special Bracha should be said without [[Shem UMalchut]] meaning one should just say ברוך שנתן…<ref>Halachos of [[Brachos]] (pg 511) based on Beiur Halacha 188:10 s.v. mazkir, Kesot HaShulchan 47:3 </ref>
# If one began a meal before [[Rosh Chodesh]] and finished it on [[Rosh Chodesh]] and ate a [[Kezayit]] after nightfall, one should insert Yaaleh VeYavo in [[Birkat HaMazon]]. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch HaRav 188:17, Halacha Brurah 188:34, Vezot HaBracha (p.145) </ref> If one finished one's meal during [[Bein HaShemashot]] one shouldn't insert Yaaleh VeYavo, yet it would be proper to eat a [[Kezayit]] after Tzeit HaKochavim and insert Yaaleh VeYavo to avoid any doubt.<ref>Vezot HaBracha (p.145)</ref>


===A woman who forgot Yaaleh VeYavo in Birkat HaMazon===
==Size of Karpas==
# A woman who forgot Yaaleh VeYavo in [[benching]] should not repeat [[benching]] except on the first night of [[Sukkot]] and [[Pesach]]. <Ref> Sh”T Rabbi Akiva Eiger 1 says that women aren’t obligated in a meal on [[Yom Tov]] and so they don’t repeat [[benching]] if they forgot Yaaleh VeYavo. However, Sh”t Matat Yado MeHaTorah 21, Sh”t Sheilat Yacov 97, Pitchei [[Teshuva]] 529, and Sdei Chemed ([[Yom Tov]] 2:10) write that women would repeat [[benching]] either because the meal is an absolute chiyuv (as it seems from Tosfot HaRosh [[Brachot]] 49b) or because it’s voluntary fulfillment of the mitzvah. Nonetheless, Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:18, Sh”t Bear Moshe 3:38, and Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 5:18 write that because of Safek [[Brachot]], a women doesn’t repeat [[benching]] like the Rabbi Akiva Eiger. Everyone agrees (Sh”t Rabbi Akiva Eiger) that on the first night of [[sukkot]] and [[Pesach]], women are obligated in the meal and would have to repeat [[benching]] if they forgot Yaale VeYavo. </ref>
# One should eat a piece of Karpas that's smaller than a [[Kezayit]], so as not to get into a dispute about [[Bracha Achrona]].<ref> Shulchan Aruch 473:6, Mishna Brurah 473:53 and Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah 17, Rav Schachter on the Haggadah p. 66-67  <br>
The Bet Yosef 473 brings a dispute between the Rosh, Sh"t HaRashba, Tur, Hagahot Maimoniot Hilchot Chametz U'Matzah 8:4 who hold that less than a [[Kezayit]] of Karpas is needed because the Karpas is only meant as a way to get the children to ask. However, Rambam (Hilchot Chametz U'[[Matzah]] 8:2) holds that one must have a [[Kezayit]] of karpas. [Another Rishon, the Rashbetz (Yafeh Shamuah pg 35) holds like Rambam because the washing of [[Urchatz]] only applies to dipping a vegetable of a the size of a [[Kezayit]].] <br>
Shulchan Aruch 473:6 rules like the Rosh against Rambam because of the issue brought up by the Sh"t Maharil 25. <br>
There's a dispute between Rashbam (Pesachim 114b s.v. peshita), who holds the Bracha on Karpas covers the [[Maror]], and the Tosfot (Pesachim 115a s.v. VeHadar in name of the Ri), who hold that the [[Maror]] doesn't need a bracha as it's part of the meal. This is why the Tur (473:6) writes that according to Rashbam one should not recite borei nefashot after karpas even if one did in fact eat a k'zayit, while according to Tosfot you would. Therefore, suggests the Maharil (Responsa 25), in order to satisfy the opinion of the Rashbam one should have less than a [[Kezayit]] so that one doesn't have to make a [[Bracha Achrona]] before the meal and put oneself in doubt about the Bracha on [[Maror]]. Shulchan Aruch 473:6 rules in accordance with Maharil. This is also the opinion of Mishna Brurah 473:53 and Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah 17. See further concerning the significance of Karpas at [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/743796/Rabbi%20Josh%20Flug/Karpas:%20The%20Vegetable%20at%20the%20Beginning%20of%20the%20Seder YUTorah by Rabbi Josh Flug]</ref> If a person is very hungry one may continue to eat karpas in a way that there’s no mental break between the karpas and maror, avoiding the dispute about reciting borei nefashot.<ref>Rav Hershel Schachter ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/791887/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Pesach_ “Inyonei Pesach 4”], min 54-5) </ref>
# If one did eat more than a [[Kezayit]] one shouldn't make a bracha of [[Boreh Nefashot]].<ref> Mishna Brurah 473:56 writes that even if one did eat more than a [[Kezayit]] one should not make a [[Boreh Nefashot]] because we want the HaAdama to cover the [[Maror]]. However the Gra holds that since the Ashkenaz Minhag is to make a bracha on each cup of wine, it must be that we hold that the Haggadah is an interruption and if so, one should make a [[Boreh Nefashot]]. Nonetheless, Beiur Halacha says that the Magen Avrham would argue that the reason we make a bracha on each cup is because each is it's own mitzvah and one can make the same claim that Karpas and [[Maror]] are separate Mitzvot. Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 42) concurs.<br>
Rav Hershel Schachter (Rav Schachter on the Haggadah pg. 70) recommends that if if one does eat more than a kezayit, he should continue partakging of karpas (or some other vegetable) every so often. This way, he will not have a hesech hadaat between Karpas and Maror and borei nefashot wouldn't be necessary </ref>
# If a person is hungry after Kiddush he can eat shehakol food like eggs or rice for Sephardim and then recite Boreh Nefashot and then continue the seder.<ref>[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?a=58680 Rav Yitzchak Yosef Motzei Shabbat Tzav 5778 min 4] explained that his father Rav Ovadia would often eat a little rice, make a boreh nefashot after kiddush since there's no brachot concern about doing that. He said that the same is true of eating eggs.</ref>


==Leaning during Karpas==
# There's a dispute whether one shouldn't or should lean during Karpas and it's preferable not to lean, but one if one wants one is permitted.<ref> Shibolei HaLeket (92b) writes that one shouldn't lean (probably for the reason that Karpas represents slavery and leaning represents freedom). However, Avudraham writes that one should lean during Karpas [perhaps the reasoning is that it's a mitzvah of the night and has some resemblance of freedom; see R. Moshe Shternbuch, Moadim U'Zmanim 7:183 who says that the Rambam would agree with the Avudraham]. The majority of Achronim including Mateh Moshe 625, Birkei Yosef 473:14, Shulchan Gavoha 473:29, Gra in Kiseh Eliyahu 473:4, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 40) rule like the Shibolei HaLeket and so one doesn't need to lean. Nonetheless, since by [[Maror]] if one wants one can lean (Bet Yosef 475, Magen Avraham, and Mishna Brurah 475:14), one is certainly allowed to lean during Karpas. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=1408 See further elaboration at dailyhalacha.com.]</ref>
==Bracha==
# When one makes the bracha on the Karpas, one should have in mind to cover the [[Maror]].<ref> Mishna Brurah 473:55 based on one opinion in Tosafot Pesachim 115a "vehadar", Rav Schachter on the Haggadah pg. 66 </ref>
# It's preferable that one person make the bracha for everyone and everyone can listen. However, if the one making the Bracha doesn't say the words accurately or won't have the proper intent to fulfill everyone else, everyone should make their own bracha.<ref> Chazon Ovadyah ([[Pesach]] vol 2 pg 35) </ref>
==Links==
# [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/743796/Rabbi%20Josh%20Flug/Karpas:%20The%20Vegetable%20at%20the%20Beginning%20of%20the%20Seder Karpas: The Vegetable at the Beginning of the Seder] by Rabbi Josh Flug
==Sources==
==Sources==
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[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Holidays]]
[[Category:Prayer]]
[[Category:Seder]]

Revision as of 00:57, 13 July 2020

Obligation

  1. The first food on the Kaarah (Seder Plate) is the karpas. Some hold that it's one of the mitzvot of the night to demonstrate slavery and freedom, while others hold that it's only brought to get the children to ask.[1]

Type of Vegetable

  1. It's preferable to have celery as Karpas. However, there are differing minhagim and some of them include potato, radish, or parsley. Nonetheless, one should be careful to check for bugs, and if one is unable to check, one can fulfill their obligation with any vegetable, yet one should be careful it has the bracha of HaAdama.[2]
  2. Rambam holds that it can be whatever one has [3]

Size of Karpas

  1. One should eat a piece of Karpas that's smaller than a Kezayit, so as not to get into a dispute about Bracha Achrona.[4] If a person is very hungry one may continue to eat karpas in a way that there’s no mental break between the karpas and maror, avoiding the dispute about reciting borei nefashot.[5]
  2. If one did eat more than a Kezayit one shouldn't make a bracha of Boreh Nefashot.[6]
  3. If a person is hungry after Kiddush he can eat shehakol food like eggs or rice for Sephardim and then recite Boreh Nefashot and then continue the seder.[7]

Leaning during Karpas

  1. There's a dispute whether one shouldn't or should lean during Karpas and it's preferable not to lean, but one if one wants one is permitted.[8]

Bracha

  1. When one makes the bracha on the Karpas, one should have in mind to cover the Maror.[9]
  2. It's preferable that one person make the bracha for everyone and everyone can listen. However, if the one making the Bracha doesn't say the words accurately or won't have the proper intent to fulfill everyone else, everyone should make their own bracha.[10]

Links

  1. Karpas: The Vegetable at the Beginning of the Seder by Rabbi Josh Flug

Sources

  1. ↑ The simple explanation of the Gemara Pesachim 114 is that we dip the Karpas to get the children to ask. However, Rambam holds that one has to eat a Kezayit of the Karpas implying that the Karpas has the status of a mitzvah of the night. See Rav Yosef D. Soloveitchik (Haggadat Si'ach HaGrid no. 5) who explains this more fully. The other aspects to Karpas is sourced in the Minhagim (Haggadah 16) who says that Karpas is eaten before the meal to act like royalty who serve appetizers before a meal. Lastly, the Avudraham (Seder HaHaggadah s.v. Vekatav HaRaavad) writes that Karpas represents the idea of slavery through the letters of Karpas spelled backwards: "Samech" which is equal to 60 (corresponding to the 600,000 who left Egypt) and the Avodat "Parech" (back-breaking labor). This can also be reflected in the practice to dip Karpas in salt water.
  2. ↑ The Gemara Pesachim 114a doesn't identfy what vegetable should be taken as the vegetable dipped before the meal. Manhig (Siman 60) writes the Minhag is to do it with Karpas because of the drasha on the letters of Samach Parech. Arizal (quoted by Od Yosed Chai Tzav 6, Kaf HaChaim 473:14, Chazon Ovadyah (Pesach vol 2 pg 34)) writes that the minhag of using Karpas is established and shouldn't be changed. Rashi (Sukkah 39b) says that Karpas could be translated as cress (similar to parsley) but he heard (from his rabbis) that Karpas is translated as Apie. Sh"t Chatom Sofer 132 in the name of his teacher Rabbi Natan Adler says that the Apie vegetable is celery. Machasit haShekel (473:4) in name of medical books, and Sh"t Bet Shearim 213 concur that Karpas is celery. Halichot Shlomo writes that Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach when he was younger ate celery and in his later years had cucumber as Karpas.
  3. ↑ Peirush Hamishnayos (Pesachim 10:3)
  4. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 473:6, Mishna Brurah 473:53 and Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah 17, Rav Schachter on the Haggadah p. 66-67
    The Bet Yosef 473 brings a dispute between the Rosh, Sh"t HaRashba, Tur, Hagahot Maimoniot Hilchot Chametz U'Matzah 8:4 who hold that less than a Kezayit of Karpas is needed because the Karpas is only meant as a way to get the children to ask. However, Rambam (Hilchot Chametz U'Matzah 8:2) holds that one must have a Kezayit of karpas. [Another Rishon, the Rashbetz (Yafeh Shamuah pg 35) holds like Rambam because the washing of Urchatz only applies to dipping a vegetable of a the size of a Kezayit.]
    Shulchan Aruch 473:6 rules like the Rosh against Rambam because of the issue brought up by the Sh"t Maharil 25.
    There's a dispute between Rashbam (Pesachim 114b s.v. peshita), who holds the Bracha on Karpas covers the Maror, and the Tosfot (Pesachim 115a s.v. VeHadar in name of the Ri), who hold that the Maror doesn't need a bracha as it's part of the meal. This is why the Tur (473:6) writes that according to Rashbam one should not recite borei nefashot after karpas even if one did in fact eat a k'zayit, while according to Tosfot you would. Therefore, suggests the Maharil (Responsa 25), in order to satisfy the opinion of the Rashbam one should have less than a Kezayit so that one doesn't have to make a Bracha Achrona before the meal and put oneself in doubt about the Bracha on Maror. Shulchan Aruch 473:6 rules in accordance with Maharil. This is also the opinion of Mishna Brurah 473:53 and Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah 17. See further concerning the significance of Karpas at YUTorah by Rabbi Josh Flug
  5. ↑ Rav Hershel Schachter (“Inyonei Pesach 4”, min 54-5)
  6. ↑ Mishna Brurah 473:56 writes that even if one did eat more than a Kezayit one should not make a Boreh Nefashot because we want the HaAdama to cover the Maror. However the Gra holds that since the Ashkenaz Minhag is to make a bracha on each cup of wine, it must be that we hold that the Haggadah is an interruption and if so, one should make a Boreh Nefashot. Nonetheless, Beiur Halacha says that the Magen Avrham would argue that the reason we make a bracha on each cup is because each is it's own mitzvah and one can make the same claim that Karpas and Maror are separate Mitzvot. Chazon Ovadyah (Pesach vol 2 pg 42) concurs.
    Rav Hershel Schachter (Rav Schachter on the Haggadah pg. 70) recommends that if if one does eat more than a kezayit, he should continue partakging of karpas (or some other vegetable) every so often. This way, he will not have a hesech hadaat between Karpas and Maror and borei nefashot wouldn't be necessary
  7. ↑ Rav Yitzchak Yosef Motzei Shabbat Tzav 5778 min 4 explained that his father Rav Ovadia would often eat a little rice, make a boreh nefashot after kiddush since there's no brachot concern about doing that. He said that the same is true of eating eggs.
  8. ↑ Shibolei HaLeket (92b) writes that one shouldn't lean (probably for the reason that Karpas represents slavery and leaning represents freedom). However, Avudraham writes that one should lean during Karpas [perhaps the reasoning is that it's a mitzvah of the night and has some resemblance of freedom; see R. Moshe Shternbuch, Moadim U'Zmanim 7:183 who says that the Rambam would agree with the Avudraham]. The majority of Achronim including Mateh Moshe 625, Birkei Yosef 473:14, Shulchan Gavoha 473:29, Gra in Kiseh Eliyahu 473:4, and Chazon Ovadyah (Pesach vol 2 pg 40) rule like the Shibolei HaLeket and so one doesn't need to lean. Nonetheless, since by Maror if one wants one can lean (Bet Yosef 475, Magen Avraham, and Mishna Brurah 475:14), one is certainly allowed to lean during Karpas. See further elaboration at dailyhalacha.com.
  9. ↑ Mishna Brurah 473:55 based on one opinion in Tosafot Pesachim 115a "vehadar", Rav Schachter on the Haggadah pg. 66
  10. ↑ Chazon Ovadyah (Pesach vol 2 pg 35)
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