Bracha Achrona and Biur Chametz: Difference between pages

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==Minimum measures to be obligated in Bracha Achrona==
==How to do Biur Chametz==
===Food===
# One is only obligated to make a Bracha Achrona on a food if one eats a [[Kezayit]] of food in [[Kedi Achilat Pras]].<ref>Magan Avraham 210:1, Sh"t Chazon Ovadyah (Siman 12, pg 184) </ref>
# <span id="Kedi Achilat Pras"></span> How long is Kedi Achilat Pras?
## Shiurei Torah (Rav Chaim Noeh 3:15 pg 203) writes that Kedi Achilat Pras is 4 minutes. Vezot HaBracha (pg 6) writes that many poskim (and quotes Rav Elyashiv as one of them) agree. See Aruch HaShulchan 202:8 and Kaf HaChaim 210:8.
## Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Sh"t Yachave Daat 1:17) rules that Kedi Achilat Pras preferably is 4 minutes and after the fact (Bedieved) it is 7.5 minutes.
## Or Letzion (vol 2, 14:17) holds that Kedi Achilat Pras preferably is 4 minutes and after the fact (Bedieved) it is 6 minutes.


===Drink===
#The minhag is to burn chametz (until it becomes coals or ashes) during the day, however, one fulfills the mitzvah by destroying the Chametz in any fashion. <ref>Rama 445:1, Mishna Brurah 445:1-2, Chazon Ovadia part 1 page 64. Kaf Hachayim 445:3-4. This is based on the Mishna in Pesachim 21a which records an argument regarding how to fulfill the obligation in Shemot 12:15  תַּשְׁבִּיתוּ שְּׂאֹר מִבָּתֵּיכֶם. Rabbi Yehuda says the only way is to burn while chachamim say you can burn it, crumble it, or throw it into the river. Even though the Shulchan Arukh (445:1) rules that one may dispose of chametz in any fashion, Rama 445:1 writes that the minhag is to specifically burn it in order to satisfy all opinions. The Gra 445:1 says that even chachamim say that ideally one should burn it, as the Mishnah states one can "even" (af) eliminate it in other ways. He adds that the only reason this is only a custom and not obligatory is because according to rabbi yehuda you need to burn the chametz after its prohibited time and since we do it before that we can really do it any way.  Kaf Hachayim 445:11 says that there is special kabbalistic importance to burning the chametz because it symbolizes burning the evil inclination.  </ref>
# One is only obligated to make a Bracha Achrona on a drink if one drinks a [[Revi'it]] of liquid in [[Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit]]. <ref> Vezot HaBracha (chap 5, pg 40) rules that one only makes a Bracha Achrona if one drank a [[Revi'it]] in [[Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit]]. He supports this with the ruling of the Mishna Brurah 210:1 regarding tea. Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:18(2) agrees. </ref>
#It is preferable for one to burn his own chometz and not to appoint someone else to do it for him. <ref>Kinyan Torah 5:37</ref>
# <span id="Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit"></span> How long is Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit?
#One should cut the chametz into thin slices in order for it to burn properly. <ref>Chazon Ovadia [[Pesach]] page 40. </ref>
## The simple reading of the Shaar HaTzion 210:11 is that Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit is two gulps.  
#One should leave over at least a [[Kezayit]] of chametz that he is not selling to a non-jew in order to properly fulfill this mitzva. <ref>Mishna Brurah 445:10, Kaf Hachayim 445:18. </ref>
## Vezot HaBracha (Birur Halacha 11, pg 240-1) questions this because of the difficulty of swallowing a [[Revi'it]] in two gulps. He quotes and supports the explanation of the Haggadat Kol Dodi (Siman 2) <ref>Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Haggadah Kol Dodi, 5745 p. 5) writes that the shiur of kdei shtiyat revi’it is drinking from the cup two times, each time drinking several gulps without removing the cup from one’s lips, and removing the cup once between the two times.</ref></ref>which writes that Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit is drinking a number of gulps without any break and without removing the cup from one's lips. [See Harerei Kedem (vol 2 pg 46) who quotes Rav Simcha Zissel who says that it's a third of Kedi Achilat Pras.]
#It is permitted to throw the chametz into a field with a lot of birds, but if the person notices that at the prohibited time for chametz, the birds haven't eaten it yet, he should destroy it immediately. <ref>Chazon Ovadia page 65. </ref>
## Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Sh"t Yabea Omer 5:18(2), Chazon Ovadyah (Brachot pg 259-260)) rules that Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit is one gulp. Or Letzion (vol 2, 14:17) agrees.
#One fulfills the mitzvah of destroying the chametz by flushing it down the toilet. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 445:4, Mishna Brurah 445:5. Kinyan Torah 2:86 quotes the Chazon Ish 118:3 that he reluctantly agrees that the modern toilet is similar to throwing it into the ocean. </ref>
#It is forbidden to do melacha once the time for burning comes until you burn the chametz. <ref>Chazon Ovadia Part 1 page 65 based on Magen Avraham 445:2. </ref>
#One should burn the chametz until it turns to charcoal. <ref>Mishna Brurah 445:1, Shulchan Aruch Harav 445:4, Kaf Hachayim 445:3. </ref>
#If one puts chametz in one’s private garbage bin one should either pour Ajax on the Chametz to make it totally inedible <ref>Minchat Yitzchak 4:56, [[Shevet Halevi]] 1:137. </ref>, or put it in the street and declare that it be ownerless in front of three people. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 445:7, Chelkat Yaakov 3:165 </ref> One can also include them in the sale of the chametz to a non-jew but then they cannot be used by him over [[pesach]]. <ref>Be'er Moshe 1:41; 3:74 </ref>
#It’s preferable to burn the chametz without dousing it in gasoline or lighter fluid so that one can destroy the Chametz with fire and not to make it inedible using any other means. <ref>Halichot Shlomo 6:10, Piskei Teshuvot 445:1, Beer Moshe 5:122, Siddur [[Pesach]] Kihilchato page 173. </ref> If the chametz will not burn in time without the gasoline then one should pour it to speed up the burning. <ref>http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5757/metzorah.html </ref>
#There is a custom to burn the ten pieces of chametz that were hidden for the bedikah along with the rest of the chametz during biur. <ref>Kaf Hachayim 432:1 quoting the Arizal, Chazon Ovadia 5763 [[Pesach]] Part 1 page 36. </ref> There is also a custom to burn the [[lulav]], <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=241 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]. Hagahot Maimoniot Hilkhot [[Sukkah]] 7:26 and Darchei Moshe Haaroch 664 and the Rama 664:9. Kaf Hachayim 445:16, 664:60 says to take half of the [[lulav]] to burn with the chametz and half to bake the matzot. The custom in Yemen was to use it to feul the ovens for [[matza]] according to Rav Yosef Kapach in Halikhot Teiman page. </ref> the [[aravot]] used for hoshanot <ref>Mishna Brurah 445:7 </ref>, leftover [[chanuka]] candles and wicks <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=241 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]. See also [[Leftover oil and wicks]] of [[Chanukah]] candles. </ref> and fingernails <ref>Chazon Ish quoted in Orchot Rabbeinu page 104 </ref> along with the chametz.
#One should throw the chametz with his right hand. <ref>Orchot Chaim 451:1. </ref>
#One should burn the chametz in one's own property. <ref>Teshuvot vihanhagot 1:192 quoting the Ramban that the mitzva from the torah to burn chametz only applies to chametz in your domain. </ref>
#One doesn’t have to do [[Bitul Chametz]] after [[Bedikat Chametz|Bedika]] of the Shul or Bet Midrash <ref>Mishna Brurah 433:43, Aruch HaShulchan 433:12 </ref> unless it belongs to an individual in which case one should do [[Bitul Chametz]]. <ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Eider; pg 73) </ref>
#One should brush his teeth before the prohibited time for chametz arrives. <ref>Chazon Ovadia part 1 page 63, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Tzav halacha 8, Kaf Hachayim 444:32, Yechave Daat 1:91:8. </ref>
#Women are also obligated in the mitzva to destroy chametz. <ref>Sefer Hachinuch Mitzva 9, Chazon Ovadia [[pesach]] 5763 part 1 page 57. Pri Megadim Introduction to Hilchot [[Pesach]] 7 says that women are exempt from destroying chametz. </ref>


==Boreh Nefashot==
==Which candle to use==
# If one ate a [[Kezayit]] of a fruit or vegetable not from the 7 species with which Israel is praised (i.e. wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, dates), and anything which doesn't grow from the ground, one should say a Boreh Nefashot. <ref>S"A 207:1, Kitzur S"A 51:1</ref> For example, the Bracha Achrona for water is Boreh Nefashot. <ref>Mishna Brurah 207:2</ref>
# If one ate a food that requires Boreh Nefashot and also drank a drink that requires Boreh Nefashot, one should make one Boreh Nefashot to cover them both. <ref>Kitzur S"A 51:1</ref>
# The text of Boreh Nefashot is ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם בורא נפשות רבות וחסרונן על כל מה שברא(ת) להחיות בהם נפש כל חי ברוך חי העולמים - Baruch Atta Hashem Elokeinu Melech HaOlam Boreh Nefashot Rabot VeChesronan Al Kol Mah SheBara(ta) LeHachayot Bahem Nefesh Kol Chay Baruch Chey HaOlamim. <ref>Magen Avraham 207 (Introduction) writes that the above text is his text of Boreh Nefashot. Mishna Brurah 202:3 quotes this but changes Chesronan to Chesronam and SheBarata to SheBara but adds that some say SheBarata. The Hebrew Ashkenaz Artscroll Siddur (Siddur Yitzchak Yair HaShalem, 5753 edition, p. 88) has the version of Chesronan and both SheBarata and SheBara. </ref>


==Al HaMichya==
#One should not use a candle torch such as a [[havdala]] candle for checking for chametz because it is not possible to insert it into narrow places. <ref>Chazon Ovadia page 38 </ref>
# If one ate a [[Kezayit]] of mezonot food (cake, cookies, etc) after one finishes eating one should make Al HaMichya. <ref> S"A 208:1 and 210:1 </ref>
#Someone who used a torch must repeat the search without a blessing using a single candle. <ref>Chazon Ovadia page 38 </ref>
# As long as there is a proportion of 1 portion of flour to 6 parts of total ingredients one may say Al HaMichya upon eating a [[Kezayit]] of that food. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Brachot pg 190), Birkat Hashem (vol 2, pg 166), Or Letzion (vol 2, pg 169), [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1565 Daily Halacha (by Rabbi Mansour)] </ref>
#If one does not possess a candle one may use a small flashlight. <ref>Chazon Ovadia page 38 </ref>


==Bracha Achrona on coffee or tea==
==Beracha==
# According to Sephardim, one should not make a Bracha Achrona after drinking coffee or tea. If one waited until it cooled down a little and then drank an amount which would obligate Bracha Achrona ([[Revi'it]] in [[Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit]]), for coffee, there is what to rely on to make [[Boreh Nefashot]], however, if one were to ask, one should advise him not to make a Bracha Achrona, and for tea, one should make a [[Boreh Nefashot]].<Ref>Yalkut Yosef 207:6, Chazon Ovadyah (Brachot p. 260-1)</ref>


==How long does one have to make Bracha Achrona?==
#There is no beracha recited before the burning. The beracha of ''al biur chametz'' is recited before the bedika. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 432:1. Mishna Brurah 432:3 explains that this is because bedika is considered the beginning of the biur, and the bitul is done mainly in the heart and you can't say a beracha on something done in your heart. </ref>
===Birkat Hamazon for bread===
#If someone forgot the beracha the night before on the bedika, he can recite the next day on the burning. <ref>Mishna Brurah 423:4 </ref>
<!-- IF ONE CHANGES THIS SECTION ALSO CHANGE IT ON THE BIRKAT HAMAZON PAGE -->
#One does not recite a blessing when using a flashlight for Bedikat Chametz. <ref>Or Letzion 7.8 </ref>
# If one ate bread and is full, preferably one should make [[Birkat HaMazon]] within 72 minutes and after the fact, one may make it as long as one is full from what one ate. However, after 72 minutes, if one is a little hungry, one can no longer make the Birkat HaMazon. <Ref> S”A 184:5 writes that one may [[Birkat HaMazon]] until one is hungry again. Vezot HaBracha (pg 49, chapter 5) and Yalkut Yosef (Brachot pg 300) rule that if one didn’t make [[Birkat HaMazon]] until after 72 minutes, one may surely recite [[Birkat HaMazon]] as long as one is still full and one isn't hungry. Vezot HaBracha quotes Rav Elyashiv who says that it’s preferable to eat a little more before making Birkat HaMazon. Aruch HaShulchan 184:7 and 8 writes that since we don't know the precise determination of when we're still full must make [[Birkat HaMazon]] within 72 minutes and if one didn't then one should eat another [[Kezayit]] and then say Birkat HaMazon. Kaf HaChaim 184:28 writes that in order to fulfill all opinions if it has been 72 minutes one should eat another [[Kezayit]] and if one doesn't have bread one may make [[Birkat HaMazon]] as long as one is full.</ref>
# If it’s past 72 minutes and one is in doubt whether one is still full one can make Birkat HaMazon, yet, it’s preferable to eat another [[Kezayit]] before making Birkat Hamazon. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 184:15, Vezot HaBracha (pg 49, chapter 5) </ref>
# However, if one just had a [[Kezayit]] and was not full, one should try to make the [[Birkat HaMazon]] right away and if one didn't one may only make [[Birkat HaMazon]] up to 72 minutes after one ate. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Brachot pg 300), Mishna Brurah 184:20 </ref> Some add that if one waited more than a half hour it's preferable to have another [[Kezayit]] of bread before making Birkat HaMazon. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (chap 5, pg 50) </ref>
# If one has a very long meal and continues to have appetizers or drinks, one may make the [[Birkat HaMazon]] as long as the meal continues even 4 or 5 hours. <ref> Mishna Brurah 184:18, Vezot HaBracha (chap 5, pg 50), Yalkut Yosef (Brachot pg 301) </ref> One should have something to eat or drink every 72 minutes, however, if one didn't then one may still say Birkat HaMazon. <ref>Vezot HaBracha (chap 5, pg 51) quoting the Magan Avraham 184:9 </ref>


===Bracha Achrona on other foods===
==Praying Arvit==
# If one ate any food and is full, preferably one should make Bracha Achrona within 72 minutes and after the fact, one may make it as long as one is full from what one ate. However, after 72 minutes, if one is a little hungry, one can no longer make the Bracha Achrona. <Ref> S"A 184:5, Mishna Brurah 184:19, Vezot HaBracha (pg 49-50, chapter 5) </ref>
# If it’s past 72 minutes and one is in doubt whether one is still full one may not make the Bracha Achrona, yet, it’s preferable to eat a [[Kezayit]] of another food make a Bracha Achrona on that to cover the earlier one. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 50, chapter 5) </ref>
# If one ate any food and was not full, preferably one should make Bracha Achrona immediately or within 30 minutes, after the fact one has up to 72 minutes. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 184:20, Vezot HaBracha (pg 50, chapter 5) </ref>


===Drinks===
#If one did not pray [[arvit]] and the time to search for chametz has arrived, one must pray [[arvit]] first and then search for chametz. <ref>Chazon Ovadia page 44 </ref>
# If one drank a [[Revi'it]] in [[Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit]], one should make a Bracha Achrona immediately and after the fact one may make the Bracha Achrona as long as one’s thirst is quenched. <Ref>S”A 184:5, Vezot HaBracha (pg 51, chapter 5) </ref>
 
# If one is unsure whether one is thirsty and one’s thirst is no longer quenched from the original drink, should make the Bracha Achrona within 30 minutes, and afterwards one should make the Bracha Achrona but rather preferably one should eat or drink something else and cover the earlier food with it’s Bracha Achrona. <Ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 51, chapter 5) </ref>
==When==
# If one sat down with a drink and sip it from time to time, if one drank a [[Revi'it]] in [[Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit]], as long as one drinks time to time each time being less than 30 minutes from the last drink, one can make a Bracha Achrona at the end. <Ref>Vezot HaBracha (pg 52, chapter 5) </ref>
 
# If one did drank a [[Revi'it]] in [[Kedi Shtiyat Reviyit]] and it will be 30 minutes before the next time one drinks or one is unsure whether it will be 30 minutes before one drinks again, according to Ashkenazim, one should make a Bracha Achrona and a Bracha Rishona for the next time one drinks. <Ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 52-3, chapter 5) </ref> However, according to Sephardim, one should not make a Bracha Achrona but rather have in mind when making the first Bracha Rishona that it should cover all of the drinks that one has. However, if one leaves the building one would require another Bracha Rishona. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 494:9</ref>
#If one is selling his chametz via his local rabbi, it is preferable to burn his remaining chametz after the sale takes effect. <ref>*The Mishna (Pesachim 21a) records a dispute between Rabbi Yehuda, who holds that one must burn one’s Chametz in order to fulfill Biur Chametz, and Rabanan, who say that one can fulfill Biur Chametz even by throwing it to the wind or into the ocean. The Rosh (2:3) quotes a dispute amongst the Rishonim regarding which opinion is normative. While the S”A 445:1 rules like Rabanan, the Rama says the Minhag is to burn it.
*Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Am Mordechai Moadim p. 152-3) defends the Minhag of those who burn the Chametz in the morning before going to work even though it is before the Rabbi sells the rest of their Chametz. He explains that even though they aren’t burning their last K’zayit, nonetheless, they fulfill Tashbitu when the Rabbi sells the Chametz on their behalf. He bases this argument on the Tur 436, who according to the Pri Chadash 436:3, holds that selling one’s Chametz to a non-Jew is a fulfillment of Tashbitu. He adds that even though there is a Mitzvah to burn the Chametz, Rosh and Beit Yosef maintain that if one gets rid of his Chametz before the fifth hour, even Rabbi Yehuda agrees that one need not burn it.
*Rabbi Hershel Schachter (B’ikvei HaTzon p. 76) argues that some Rishonim hold that one does not fulfill Tashbitu by selling one’s Chametz (see Tosfot Rabbenu Peretz Pesachim 28b). Accordingly, if one burns his Chametz in the morning before the Rabbi sells the rest of one’s Chametz, one might not fulfill Tashbitu. Furthermore, the Bracha one made before [[Bedikat Chametz]] may turn out to be a Bracha Levatala. Rabbi Schachter also stated his opinion on the [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 28:30 and 30:15 and in a [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/774202/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Halachos_of_Pesach shiur on yutorah.org] (“Halachos of [[Pesach]],” min 3-6). See [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pagefeed/hebrewbooks_org_13070_102.pdf an article in Kovetz Aharon VeYisrael] about whether one fulfills Tashbitu with selling his chametz to a non-Jew.</ref>
#The burning and the bitul of the chametz should be finished by the end of the fifth hour. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 434:2, Mishna Brurah 434:12, Kaf Hachayim 434:38-40. Theoretically, one may burn one’s chametz until halakhic midday (Mishnah Pesachim 11b); however, Mishna Brurah (434:12) writes that in order to perform bitul chametz after biur chametz, one must burn it before the end of the fifth hour. </ref> Some say that one should specifically burn it at the beginning of the fifth hour. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 445:3. The gemara in pesachim 21a says that from the torah chametz is only forbidden at mid-day, the rabbis made it two hours earlier because people might get confused with the hours. Rambam Chametz U'[[matza]] 1:9. </ref>
#If chametz is found during [[pesach]], see [[Bedikat_Chametz#If_one_finds_Chametz]].
#The [[nullification]] during the day should be done before the sixth hour, so that the chametz that you nullify is still yours when you nullify it. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 434:2 </ref> but after the burning. <ref>Rama 434:2. According to Rav Yaakov Emden in Mor Uketzia 434 one can do the bitul before the burning even lechatchila. </ref>
#If one leaves his house, he should still do bitul when the time comes. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 236:1. </ref>
 
==If a Person Finds Chametz on Pesach==
 
#If someone finds chametz on Pesach if it is [[Chol Hamoed]] he should remove it and destroy it immediately. If it is [[Yom Tov]] he should cover it until the nighttime and then destory it. On Yom Tov itself it is muktzeh and it is forbidden to burn it in its place.<ref>Gemara Pesachim 6a, Shulchan Aruch OC 446:1. Bet Yosef 446:1 cites a machloket rishonim whether one should burn it on Yom Tov if he didn't do bitul. Rashi, Ran, and Rabbenu Yechiel holding that one should burn it if one didn't do bitul and the Rambam disagreeing. Mishna Brurah 446:6 writes that most achronim side with those who say that one can at least take it and throw it in the wind it if one didn't do bitul but the minhag is always to just cover the chametz on Yom Tov.</ref>
#If one finds Chametz on Pesach if one sold one's chametz then one should simply put away that chametz together with the rest of the chametz that was sold to the non-Jew.<ref>Mikrei Kodesh p. 231 writes that if you find chametz on pesach you should just put it away with the rest of your chametz since it was sold to a non-Jew and burning it would be stealing from the non-Jew. Furthermore, taking it to burn is acquiring it as a thief and it isn’t right to own the chametz on pesach even for that short period of time even though one intends to burn it (Tosfot Pesachim 29a). Shevet Halevi 9:116 agrees and adds that if one picks it up to avoid any shaylah of acquiring it one could have explicit intention not to acquire it.</ref>
 
==Erev Pesach on Shabbat==
 
#When the fourteenth of Nisan occurs on a [[Shabbat]], all chametz must be destroyed before [[shabbat]] except for the chametz that will be needed for the first two [[shabbat]] meals. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 444:1, Rambam Hilchot Chametz U'[[matza]] 3:3 based on Rabbi Meir's opinion on Pesachim 49a. </ref>
 
==Links==
 
*[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/54541 Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Pesach vol. 1 (Hebrew, 5775)]


==Interruptions==
# If one is saying Bracha Mein Shalosh (Al HaMichya) one should pause in order to answer Kaddish and Kedusha. <ref> http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=995 quoting Or Letzion </ref>
==If one said the wrong Bracha Achrona==
===If one said Birkat HaMazon===
# If one ate a Mezonot food and then made [[Birkat HaMazon]] by accident one fulfilled one’s obligation and shouldn’t repeat Bracha Achrona. <Ref>Even though S”A 208:17 writes that [[Birkat HaMazon]] doesn’t cover saying Al HaMichya on a Tavshil Mezonot, many achronim including Mishna Brurah 208:75 and Halacha Brurah 208:60 argue that one has fulfilled one’s obligation and shouldn’t repeat Bracha Achrona. </ref>
# If one ate a dates or drank wine and then made [[Birkat HaMazon]] by accident one fulfilled one’s obligation and shouldn’t repeat Bracha Achrona. <Ref> S”A 208:17 </ref>
# If one ate a different food which has the Bracha Achrona of Boreh Nefashot or Al HaEtz and then made [[Birkat HaMazon]] by accident according to most authorities one hasn’t fulfilled one’s obligation but in order to concerned for the minority opinion one should hear the correct Bracha Achrona from someone else or have another amount of food and make the correct Bracha Achrona. <Ref>Halacha Brurah 208:60 </ref>
# In any case the fact that [[Birkat HaMazon]] fulfills one’s obligation after the fact, is true even if one only said the first paragraph of Birkat Hamazon. <Ref>S”A 208:17 </ref>
# If one ate foods that require a Bracha Mein Shalosh (Al HaMichya, Al HaEtz, Al HaGefen) and began saying Birkat HaMazon, if one remembered in middle of saying the first Bracha one should continue with Bracha Mein Shalosh from the words “Al Shehinchalta LeAvotenu”. <Ref>S”A 208:17 </ref>
==Related Pages==
* [[Birkat HaMazon]]
==Sources==
==Sources==
<references/>
<references />
[[Category:Pesach]]
[[Category:Holidays]]

Revision as of 21:30, 11 June 2019

How to do Biur Chametz

  1. The minhag is to burn chametz (until it becomes coals or ashes) during the day, however, one fulfills the mitzvah by destroying the Chametz in any fashion. [1]
  2. It is preferable for one to burn his own chometz and not to appoint someone else to do it for him. [2]
  3. One should cut the chametz into thin slices in order for it to burn properly. [3]
  4. One should leave over at least a Kezayit of chametz that he is not selling to a non-jew in order to properly fulfill this mitzva. [4]
  5. It is permitted to throw the chametz into a field with a lot of birds, but if the person notices that at the prohibited time for chametz, the birds haven't eaten it yet, he should destroy it immediately. [5]
  6. One fulfills the mitzvah of destroying the chametz by flushing it down the toilet. [6]
  7. It is forbidden to do melacha once the time for burning comes until you burn the chametz. [7]
  8. One should burn the chametz until it turns to charcoal. [8]
  9. If one puts chametz in one’s private garbage bin one should either pour Ajax on the Chametz to make it totally inedible [9], or put it in the street and declare that it be ownerless in front of three people. [10] One can also include them in the sale of the chametz to a non-jew but then they cannot be used by him over pesach. [11]
  10. It’s preferable to burn the chametz without dousing it in gasoline or lighter fluid so that one can destroy the Chametz with fire and not to make it inedible using any other means. [12] If the chametz will not burn in time without the gasoline then one should pour it to speed up the burning. [13]
  11. There is a custom to burn the ten pieces of chametz that were hidden for the bedikah along with the rest of the chametz during biur. [14] There is also a custom to burn the lulav, [15] the aravot used for hoshanot [16], leftover chanuka candles and wicks [17] and fingernails [18] along with the chametz.
  12. One should throw the chametz with his right hand. [19]
  13. One should burn the chametz in one's own property. [20]
  14. One doesn’t have to do Bitul Chametz after Bedika of the Shul or Bet Midrash [21] unless it belongs to an individual in which case one should do Bitul Chametz. [22]
  15. One should brush his teeth before the prohibited time for chametz arrives. [23]
  16. Women are also obligated in the mitzva to destroy chametz. [24]

Which candle to use

  1. One should not use a candle torch such as a havdala candle for checking for chametz because it is not possible to insert it into narrow places. [25]
  2. Someone who used a torch must repeat the search without a blessing using a single candle. [26]
  3. If one does not possess a candle one may use a small flashlight. [27]

Beracha

  1. There is no beracha recited before the burning. The beracha of al biur chametz is recited before the bedika. [28]
  2. If someone forgot the beracha the night before on the bedika, he can recite the next day on the burning. [29]
  3. One does not recite a blessing when using a flashlight for Bedikat Chametz. [30]

Praying Arvit

  1. If one did not pray arvit and the time to search for chametz has arrived, one must pray arvit first and then search for chametz. [31]

When

  1. If one is selling his chametz via his local rabbi, it is preferable to burn his remaining chametz after the sale takes effect. [32]
  2. The burning and the bitul of the chametz should be finished by the end of the fifth hour. [33] Some say that one should specifically burn it at the beginning of the fifth hour. [34]
  3. If chametz is found during pesach, see Bedikat_Chametz#If_one_finds_Chametz.
  4. The nullification during the day should be done before the sixth hour, so that the chametz that you nullify is still yours when you nullify it. [35] but after the burning. [36]
  5. If one leaves his house, he should still do bitul when the time comes. [37]

If a Person Finds Chametz on Pesach

  1. If someone finds chametz on Pesach if it is Chol Hamoed he should remove it and destroy it immediately. If it is Yom Tov he should cover it until the nighttime and then destory it. On Yom Tov itself it is muktzeh and it is forbidden to burn it in its place.[38]
  2. If one finds Chametz on Pesach if one sold one's chametz then one should simply put away that chametz together with the rest of the chametz that was sold to the non-Jew.[39]

Erev Pesach on Shabbat

  1. When the fourteenth of Nisan occurs on a Shabbat, all chametz must be destroyed before shabbat except for the chametz that will be needed for the first two shabbat meals. [40]

Links

Sources

  1. ↑ Rama 445:1, Mishna Brurah 445:1-2, Chazon Ovadia part 1 page 64. Kaf Hachayim 445:3-4. This is based on the Mishna in Pesachim 21a which records an argument regarding how to fulfill the obligation in Shemot 12:15 תַּשְׁבִּיתוּ שְּׂאֹר מִבָּתֵּיכֶם. Rabbi Yehuda says the only way is to burn while chachamim say you can burn it, crumble it, or throw it into the river. Even though the Shulchan Arukh (445:1) rules that one may dispose of chametz in any fashion, Rama 445:1 writes that the minhag is to specifically burn it in order to satisfy all opinions. The Gra 445:1 says that even chachamim say that ideally one should burn it, as the Mishnah states one can "even" (af) eliminate it in other ways. He adds that the only reason this is only a custom and not obligatory is because according to rabbi yehuda you need to burn the chametz after its prohibited time and since we do it before that we can really do it any way. Kaf Hachayim 445:11 says that there is special kabbalistic importance to burning the chametz because it symbolizes burning the evil inclination.
  2. ↑ Kinyan Torah 5:37
  3. ↑ Chazon Ovadia Pesach page 40.
  4. ↑ Mishna Brurah 445:10, Kaf Hachayim 445:18.
  5. ↑ Chazon Ovadia page 65.
  6. ↑ Piskei Teshuvot 445:4, Mishna Brurah 445:5. Kinyan Torah 2:86 quotes the Chazon Ish 118:3 that he reluctantly agrees that the modern toilet is similar to throwing it into the ocean.
  7. ↑ Chazon Ovadia Part 1 page 65 based on Magen Avraham 445:2.
  8. ↑ Mishna Brurah 445:1, Shulchan Aruch Harav 445:4, Kaf Hachayim 445:3.
  9. ↑ Minchat Yitzchak 4:56, Shevet Halevi 1:137.
  10. ↑ Piskei Teshuvot 445:7, Chelkat Yaakov 3:165
  11. ↑ Be'er Moshe 1:41; 3:74
  12. ↑ Halichot Shlomo 6:10, Piskei Teshuvot 445:1, Beer Moshe 5:122, Siddur Pesach Kihilchato page 173.
  13. ↑ http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5757/metzorah.html
  14. ↑ Kaf Hachayim 432:1 quoting the Arizal, Chazon Ovadia 5763 Pesach Part 1 page 36.
  15. ↑ Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com. Hagahot Maimoniot Hilkhot Sukkah 7:26 and Darchei Moshe Haaroch 664 and the Rama 664:9. Kaf Hachayim 445:16, 664:60 says to take half of the lulav to burn with the chametz and half to bake the matzot. The custom in Yemen was to use it to feul the ovens for matza according to Rav Yosef Kapach in Halikhot Teiman page.
  16. ↑ Mishna Brurah 445:7
  17. ↑ Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com. See also Leftover oil and wicks of Chanukah candles.
  18. ↑ Chazon Ish quoted in Orchot Rabbeinu page 104
  19. ↑ Orchot Chaim 451:1.
  20. ↑ Teshuvot vihanhagot 1:192 quoting the Ramban that the mitzva from the torah to burn chametz only applies to chametz in your domain.
  21. ↑ Mishna Brurah 433:43, Aruch HaShulchan 433:12
  22. ↑ Halachos of Pesach (Rabbi Eider; pg 73)
  23. ↑ Chazon Ovadia part 1 page 63, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Tzav halacha 8, Kaf Hachayim 444:32, Yechave Daat 1:91:8.
  24. ↑ Sefer Hachinuch Mitzva 9, Chazon Ovadia pesach 5763 part 1 page 57. Pri Megadim Introduction to Hilchot Pesach 7 says that women are exempt from destroying chametz.
  25. ↑ Chazon Ovadia page 38
  26. ↑ Chazon Ovadia page 38
  27. ↑ Chazon Ovadia page 38
  28. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 432:1. Mishna Brurah 432:3 explains that this is because bedika is considered the beginning of the biur, and the bitul is done mainly in the heart and you can't say a beracha on something done in your heart.
  29. ↑ Mishna Brurah 423:4
  30. ↑ Or Letzion 7.8
  31. ↑ Chazon Ovadia page 44
  32. ↑ *The Mishna (Pesachim 21a) records a dispute between Rabbi Yehuda, who holds that one must burn one’s Chametz in order to fulfill Biur Chametz, and Rabanan, who say that one can fulfill Biur Chametz even by throwing it to the wind or into the ocean. The Rosh (2:3) quotes a dispute amongst the Rishonim regarding which opinion is normative. While the S”A 445:1 rules like Rabanan, the Rama says the Minhag is to burn it.
    • Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Am Mordechai Moadim p. 152-3) defends the Minhag of those who burn the Chametz in the morning before going to work even though it is before the Rabbi sells the rest of their Chametz. He explains that even though they aren’t burning their last K’zayit, nonetheless, they fulfill Tashbitu when the Rabbi sells the Chametz on their behalf. He bases this argument on the Tur 436, who according to the Pri Chadash 436:3, holds that selling one’s Chametz to a non-Jew is a fulfillment of Tashbitu. He adds that even though there is a Mitzvah to burn the Chametz, Rosh and Beit Yosef maintain that if one gets rid of his Chametz before the fifth hour, even Rabbi Yehuda agrees that one need not burn it.
    • Rabbi Hershel Schachter (B’ikvei HaTzon p. 76) argues that some Rishonim hold that one does not fulfill Tashbitu by selling one’s Chametz (see Tosfot Rabbenu Peretz Pesachim 28b). Accordingly, if one burns his Chametz in the morning before the Rabbi sells the rest of one’s Chametz, one might not fulfill Tashbitu. Furthermore, the Bracha one made before Bedikat Chametz may turn out to be a Bracha Levatala. Rabbi Schachter also stated his opinion on the OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771 between minutes 28:30 and 30:15 and in a shiur on yutorah.org (“Halachos of Pesach,” min 3-6). See an article in Kovetz Aharon VeYisrael about whether one fulfills Tashbitu with selling his chametz to a non-Jew.
  33. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 434:2, Mishna Brurah 434:12, Kaf Hachayim 434:38-40. Theoretically, one may burn one’s chametz until halakhic midday (Mishnah Pesachim 11b); however, Mishna Brurah (434:12) writes that in order to perform bitul chametz after biur chametz, one must burn it before the end of the fifth hour.
  34. ↑ Piskei Teshuvot 445:3. The gemara in pesachim 21a says that from the torah chametz is only forbidden at mid-day, the rabbis made it two hours earlier because people might get confused with the hours. Rambam Chametz U'matza 1:9.
  35. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 434:2
  36. ↑ Rama 434:2. According to Rav Yaakov Emden in Mor Uketzia 434 one can do the bitul before the burning even lechatchila.
  37. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 236:1.
  38. ↑ Gemara Pesachim 6a, Shulchan Aruch OC 446:1. Bet Yosef 446:1 cites a machloket rishonim whether one should burn it on Yom Tov if he didn't do bitul. Rashi, Ran, and Rabbenu Yechiel holding that one should burn it if one didn't do bitul and the Rambam disagreeing. Mishna Brurah 446:6 writes that most achronim side with those who say that one can at least take it and throw it in the wind it if one didn't do bitul but the minhag is always to just cover the chametz on Yom Tov.
  39. ↑ Mikrei Kodesh p. 231 writes that if you find chametz on pesach you should just put it away with the rest of your chametz since it was sold to a non-Jew and burning it would be stealing from the non-Jew. Furthermore, taking it to burn is acquiring it as a thief and it isn’t right to own the chametz on pesach even for that short period of time even though one intends to burn it (Tosfot Pesachim 29a). Shevet Halevi 9:116 agrees and adds that if one picks it up to avoid any shaylah of acquiring it one could have explicit intention not to acquire it.
  40. ↑ Shulchan Aruch 444:1, Rambam Hilchot Chametz U'matza 3:3 based on Rabbi Meir's opinion on Pesachim 49a.
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