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Zimmun: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction == | ==Introduction == | ||
# If three people eat together are obligated to make a Zimmun before benching (making birkat hamazon). <ref> S”A 192:1 </ref> Chazal based it on the pasuk “גדלו לה" אתי ונרוממה ה" יחדיו” <ref> Tehilim 34 </ref> and “כי שם ה" אקרא הבו גודל לאלוקונו” <ref> Devarim 30. Gemara Brachot 45 quoted by the Mishna Brurah 192:1. </ref>. | # If three people eat together are obligated to make a Zimmun before benching (making birkat hamazon). <ref> S”A 192:1 </ref> Chazal based it on the pasuk “גדלו לה" אתי ונרוממה ה" יחדיו” <ref> Tehilim 34 </ref> and “כי שם ה" אקרא הבו גודל לאלוקונו” <ref> Devarim 30. Gemara Brachot 45 quoted by the Mishna Brurah 192:1. </ref>. | ||
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== Who has the obligation?== | == Who has the obligation?== | ||
# It only applies when three or more people eat together. The three conditions to be considered “together” is that those who are eating 1) eat while seated, 2) sit at one table, and 3) eat simultaneously either at the beginning or the end of the meal. <ref> S”A 193:2 writes that a third person can join two that already started eating if he is “Koveh” (establishes his place) with them. Mishna Brurah 193:21 writes that if one doesn’t eat while sitting and eat at the same table one isn’t considered as being Koveh with the others. Magan Avraham 195:2 and Mishna Brurah 197:3 also include the requirement of sitting at the same table. </ref> | # It only applies when three or more people eat together. The three conditions to be considered “together” is that those who are eating 1) eat while seated, 2) sit at one table, and 3) eat simultaneously either at the beginning or the end of the meal. <ref> S”A 193:2 writes that a third person can join two that already started eating if he is “Koveh” (establishes his place) with them. Mishna Brurah 193:21 writes that if one doesn’t eat while sitting and eat at the same table one isn’t considered as being Koveh with the others. Magan Avraham 195:2 and Mishna Brurah 197:3 also include the requirement of sitting at the same table. </ref> | ||
# If two groups ate in different places in the same house and they could see from one group to another, if they have intent (when they began the meal) to join for Zimmun they may join, however, if if they didn’t have intent, then according to Sephardim they may not join for Zimmun, but according to Ashkenazim it’s a dispute whether they may join for Zimmun. <Ref>S”A 195:1, Mishna Brurah 195:6 </ref> | |||
# If three people aren’t obligated to make Zimmun as they didn’t join their meals, the three can’t do Zimmun. <ref> Rama 193:3 writes that even if three people aren’t obligated in Zimmun it’s preferable that they make Zimmun because of Berov Am Hadrat Melech, that it’s preferable to honor Hashem in multitudes. Mishna Brurah 193:23 writes that the same would apply if there are more than 3 people. However, Magan Avraham in name of many poskim that since one can’t fulfill the Birkat HaMazon for another person one is also not allowed to make a zimun together. Mishna Brurah 193:24 concludes that the Magan Avraham is more logical. </ref> | # If three people aren’t obligated to make Zimmun as they didn’t join their meals, the three can’t do Zimmun. <ref> Rama 193:3 writes that even if three people aren’t obligated in Zimmun it’s preferable that they make Zimmun because of Berov Am Hadrat Melech, that it’s preferable to honor Hashem in multitudes. Mishna Brurah 193:23 writes that the same would apply if there are more than 3 people. However, Magan Avraham in name of many poskim that since one can’t fulfill the Birkat HaMazon for another person one is also not allowed to make a zimun together. Mishna Brurah 193:24 concludes that the Magan Avraham is more logical. </ref> | ||
# If three ate together and were obligated in Zimmun and one forgot about Zimmun and said Birkat HaMazon then the other two can say Zimmun with the third. <Ref>S”A 194:1 </ref>However, if one of the group answered Zimmun with another group he can’t answer another zimmun of three. <Ref>Rama 194:1 </ref> | |||
# If three ate together and one person left he could be called back and Zimmun could be said even if he’s standing by the door next to them, however he should say Birkat HaMazon where he ate. However, if ten people ate together and one left he should be called back and everyone should sit down for Zimmun. <Ref>S”A 194:2, Mishna Brurah 194:8 </ref> | |||
# If in a school or yeshiva, the students go to lunch at the same time, the group can make Zimmun together even if they sit at separate tables as long as they can see from one table to another. Even if they don’t have enough at each table to make their own Zimmun of ten, they can join together to make a Zimmun of ten. However, it’s preferable that they one time actual say verbally that they intend to eat together. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (vol 3 pg 375) </ref> | # If in a school or yeshiva, the students go to lunch at the same time, the group can make Zimmun together even if they sit at separate tables as long as they can see from one table to another. Even if they don’t have enough at each table to make their own Zimmun of ten, they can join together to make a Zimmun of ten. However, it’s preferable that they one time actual say verbally that they intend to eat together. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (vol 3 pg 375) </ref> | ||
