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Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions
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# Preferably one should eat at least one bread meal on Erev Yom Kippur. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 604:3), Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 446, #11) </ref> | # Preferably one should eat at least one bread meal on Erev Yom Kippur. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 604:3), Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 446, #11) </ref> | ||
# This mitzvah to eat on Erev Yom Kippur applies to women also. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 74), Sh"t Yabea Omer 1:37, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:58, Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #15). Rabbi Akiva Eiger 16 raises a doubt whether women should be obligated because it could be that is a mitzvat aseh shehazman grama or that maybe it's connected to the mitzva to fast which women are also obligated in. </ref> | # This mitzvah to eat on Erev Yom Kippur applies to women also. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 74), Sh"t Yabea Omer 1:37, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:58, Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #15). Rabbi Akiva Eiger 16 raises a doubt whether women should be obligated because it could be that is a mitzvat aseh shehazman grama or that maybe it's connected to the mitzva to fast which women are also obligated in. </ref> | ||
# One should only eat light foods so that one shouldn't be stuffed and prideful during prayers of Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 446, #11)</ref> | # One should only eat light foods so that one shouldn't be stuffed and prideful during prayers of Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 446, #11), Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 86, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 239, Orchot Chaim Hilchot Erev Yom Hakippurim:8, based on the gemara Yoma 18a </ref> | ||
# If Erev Yom Kippur is the Yahrzeit (annual remembrance of the day of the death) of one's parents, one should not fast but rely on the fast of Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #17)</ref> | # If Erev Yom Kippur is the Yahrzeit (annual remembrance of the day of the death) of one's parents, one should not fast but rely on the fast of Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #17)</ref> | ||
# Someone who can't fast on Yom Kippur (because of serious health issues) should still eat on Erev Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #16)</ref> | # Someone who can't fast on Yom Kippur (because of serious health issues) should still eat on Erev Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #16)</ref> | ||
# Some say that one should endeavor to continue to eat all day on Erev Yom Kippur, while others say that the mitzvah is to have a nice meal. <ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/782120/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Yom_Hakippurim Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on Inyonei Yom Kippur (min 34-6)] quotes Rav Salanter as having had the minhag of having a sucking candy on Erev Yom Kippur so as to continue eating on Erev Yom Kippur, whereas Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik held that the primary mitzvah of the day was to have a nice meal.</ref> | # Some say that one should endeavor to continue to eat all day on Erev Yom Kippur, while others say that the mitzvah is to have a nice meal. <ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/782120/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyonei_Yom_Hakippurim Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on Inyonei Yom Kippur (min 34-6)] quotes Rav Salanter as having had the minhag of having a sucking candy on Erev Yom Kippur so as to continue eating on Erev Yom Kippur, whereas Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik held that the primary mitzvah of the day was to have a nice meal.</ref> | ||
===Seudat Hamafseket=== | |||
# If one finished eating while it is still daytime, he may continue eating as long as he hasn't had in mind that he is going to start the fast. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 85, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 255, Tosafot Taanit 30b </ref> | |||
===Pills to ease the fast=== | ===Pills to ease the fast=== | ||
# It is permissible to take a pill before Yom Kippur which will ease the difficulty of fasting. <ref>Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 448, #20)</ref> However, others write that one should refrain from such pills except for a person who will be in great pain, have a headache, or the like from fasting on Yom Kippur.<ref>Yabea Omer 9:54. for more see [http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=2726 Halacha Yomit]</ref> | # It is permissible to take a pill before Yom Kippur which will ease the difficulty of fasting. <ref>Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 448, #20)</ref> However, others write that one should refrain from such pills except for a person who will be in great pain, have a headache, or the like from fasting on Yom Kippur.<ref>Yabea Omer 9:54. for more see [http://halachayomit.co.il/EnglishDefault.asp?HalachaID=2726 Halacha Yomit]. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shalmei Moed pg. 494) calls one who is healthy and uses suppositories to ease the fast, a naval birshut hatorah, abonimable with permission of the Torah. For longer discussions see Sh"t Igrot Moshe OC 4:121, Sh"t Chelkat Yaakov 2:83 and Minchat Shlomo 1:17</ref> | ||
===Prayers=== | ===Prayers=== | ||
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# The minhag is to give the slaughtered chicken to a poor person or to redeem it with money and then give it to a poor person. <ref>Rama 605:1. Mishna Brurah 605:5 writes that if the poor person will be embarrassed to take the chicken because it looks like one put their sins on the chicken then one should redeem it and give the money to the poor but if the poor won't be embarrassed it's preferable to give the chicken to the poor because it requires less effort for the poor person to benefit. </ref> | # The minhag is to give the slaughtered chicken to a poor person or to redeem it with money and then give it to a poor person. <ref>Rama 605:1. Mishna Brurah 605:5 writes that if the poor person will be embarrassed to take the chicken because it looks like one put their sins on the chicken then one should redeem it and give the money to the poor but if the poor won't be embarrassed it's preferable to give the chicken to the poor because it requires less effort for the poor person to benefit. </ref> | ||
'''Covering the blood''' | |||
# After the slaughtering the Shochet there is a unique opportunity to preform the mitzvah of Kisui HaDam (covering the blood) by covering the blood of the chicken with dirt that was set aside beforehand. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 78), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 227) </ref> | # After the slaughtering the Shochet there is a unique opportunity to preform the mitzvah of Kisui HaDam (covering the blood) by covering the blood of the chicken with dirt that was set aside beforehand. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 78), Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 227) </ref> | ||
# Kisui HaDam (covering the blood) should be preforming only after the shochet checks his knife to see that it was a proper slaughtering. After the check the one performing this mitzvah should make a bracha על כסוי הדם בעפר. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:18) </ref> | # Kisui HaDam (covering the blood) should be preforming only after the shochet checks his knife to see that it was a proper slaughtering. After the check the one performing this mitzvah should make a bracha על כסוי הדם בעפר. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:18) </ref> | ||
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# If a person said Lashon Hara (evil speech) about his fellow that caused harm and his fellow doesn't know about it some say that one should just ask forgiveness from his fellow in a general way and not spell out that he said Lashon Hara against him, however, others say that one specify that one did speak Lashon Hara about him. <ref> Shalmei Moad (pg 56) and Moadim u'Zmanim 1:54 quote Rav Yisrael Salanter who says that if one spoke Lashon Hara about one's fellow and he doesn't know about it that one should just ask forgiveness in a general way, while the Chafetz Chaim 4:12 argues that one must specify that one spoke Lashon Hara. This is how he is quoted in the book A Lesson a Day page 28 as well. However, if specifying what the Lashon Hara was will embarrass the victim, he writes in Mishnah Berurah 606:3 that the speaker doesn't need to elaborate about what he said. Yalkut Yosef 606:16 rules like Rav Yisrael Salanter </ref> | # If a person said Lashon Hara (evil speech) about his fellow that caused harm and his fellow doesn't know about it some say that one should just ask forgiveness from his fellow in a general way and not spell out that he said Lashon Hara against him, however, others say that one specify that one did speak Lashon Hara about him. <ref> Shalmei Moad (pg 56) and Moadim u'Zmanim 1:54 quote Rav Yisrael Salanter who says that if one spoke Lashon Hara about one's fellow and he doesn't know about it that one should just ask forgiveness in a general way, while the Chafetz Chaim 4:12 argues that one must specify that one spoke Lashon Hara. This is how he is quoted in the book A Lesson a Day page 28 as well. However, if specifying what the Lashon Hara was will embarrass the victim, he writes in Mishnah Berurah 606:3 that the speaker doesn't need to elaborate about what he said. Yalkut Yosef 606:16 rules like Rav Yisrael Salanter </ref> | ||
# Preferably the asking of forgiveness should be done in person unless there is a better chance of having the person accept your grant if done through a messenger. <ref> Mishnah Berurah 606:2 </ref> | # Preferably the asking of forgiveness should be done in person unless there is a better chance of having the person accept your grant if done through a messenger. <ref> Mishnah Berurah 606:2 </ref> | ||
# If you are sure that the person that you offended has forgiven you some poskim nevertheless require that you go and humble yourself before them and ask for forgiveness while and other poskim say that you have achieved the desired result and there is no need to go ask specifically. <ref> Devar Yehoshua 5:20 says that's enough while Moadim U'zmanim 1:55 quotes poskim that you still need to ask. see also Pele Yoetz on Teshuvah and Hirhurei Teshuvah, pg. 123 | # If you are sure that the person that you offended has forgiven you some poskim nevertheless require that you go and humble yourself before them and ask for forgiveness while and other poskim say that you have achieved the desired result and there is no need to go ask specifically. <ref> Devar Yehoshua 5:20 says that's enough while Moadim U'zmanim 1:55 quotes poskim that you still need to ask. see also Pele Yoetz on Teshuvah and Hirhurei Teshuvah, pg. 123 </ref> | ||
# If one received forgiveness only outwardly but in his heart the person he offended is still upset some poskim say he hasn't fulfilled his obligation of asking for forgiveness. <ref> Rav Elyashiv quoted in Torat ha'adam li'adam 3:page 36, Alei Shur 2: page 240. On the other hand, Rav Reuven Grozovsky quotes the Alter of Kelm in Sefer hazikaron Even Tzion page 542 that one has fulfilled his obligation. </ref> | # If one received forgiveness only outwardly but in his heart the person he offended is still upset some poskim say he hasn't fulfilled his obligation of asking for forgiveness. <ref> Rav Elyashiv quoted in Torat ha'adam li'adam 3:page 36, Alei Shur 2: page 240. On the other hand, Rav Reuven Grozovsky quotes the Alter of Kelm in Sefer hazikaron Even Tzion page 542 that one has fulfilled his obligation. </ref> | ||
===Tevilah=== | ===Tevilah=== | ||
# Some have the practice to dip (Tovel) in the mikvah on Erev Yom Kippur and it's preferable to do so before Mincha but some have the practice to do it after Seuda Mafseket as long as one does it before nighttime. <ref>S"A 606:4, Mishna Brurah 606:17-8 </ref> Some say that one should does it after 5 halachic hours into the day but if one is unable one may do it after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn). <ref>Yalkut Yosef 606:4(1) </ref> | # Some have the practice to dip (Tovel) in the mikvah on Erev Yom Kippur and it's preferable to do so before Mincha but some have the practice to do it after Seuda Mafseket as long as one does it before nighttime. <ref>S"A 606:4, Rosh Yoma 8:24, Mishna Brurah 606:17-8 </ref> Some say that one should does it after 5 halachic hours into the day but if one is unable one may do it after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn). <ref>Yalkut Yosef 606:4(1). for more on the proper time see Moed Likol Chai 12:11 </ref> | ||
# Some say that submerging oneself in the mikvah once is sufficient and some say three times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 606:21 </ref> | # Some say that submerging oneself in the mikvah once is sufficient and some say three times. <ref>Mishna Brurah 606:21 </ref> | ||
# No bracha is made for this tevilah. <ref>S"A 606:4 </ref> | # The shaliach tzibbur should make an extra effort to fulfill this minhag <ref> Sh"t Livushei Mordechai OC 19, Sh"t Min Hashamayim 5, Sefer Chassidim 248 </ref> | ||
# If it's painful for one to dip in the mikvah or one is unable to because of a weakness one may pour 9 Kav of water on one's head. <ref>Rama 606:4, Mishna Brurah 606:22</ref> Taking a shower for the length of time it takes for 9 Kav (about 3.3 gallons) to come out is sufficient. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 606:4(2) writes that it's the procedure of pouring 9 Kav on oneself can be with hot water and by taking a shower. He also writes that 9 Kav is about 12.5 liters which is 3.3 gallons. On average this should only take a couple of minutes ([http://askville.amazon.com/gallons-water-average-10-minute-shower/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=2548818 see here]). </ref> | # No bracha is made for this tevilah. <ref>S"A 606:4, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 245 </ref> | ||
# Even one who went to the mikveh before rosh hashana and remained pure until erev yom kippur should go back on Erev Yom Kippur. <ref> Darchei Moshe 606:3 </ref> | |||
# If it's painful for one to dip in the mikvah or one is unable to because of a weakness one may pour 9 Kav of water on one's head. <ref>Rama 606:4, Mishna Brurah 606:22</ref> Taking a shower for the length of time it takes for 9 Kav (about 3.3 gallons) to come out is sufficient. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 606:4(2) (Moadim pg. 82) and Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 245 writes that it's the procedure of pouring 9 Kav on oneself can be with hot water and by taking a shower. He also writes that 9 Kav is about 12.5 liters which is 3.3 gallons. On average this should only take a couple of minutes ([http://askville.amazon.com/gallons-water-average-10-minute-shower/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=2548818 see here]). </ref> | |||
==Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur== | ==Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur== | ||
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==Neilah== | ==Neilah== | ||
# The Chazzan should make sure to finish Birchat Cohanim before sunset, however, after the fact it can be made with a bracha even after sunset as long as it's [[Ben HaShemashot]] and not certain night. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 112) </ref> | # The Chazzan should make sure to finish Birchat Cohanim before sunset, however, after the fact it can be made with a bracha even after sunset as long as it's [[Ben HaShemashot]] and not certain night. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 112) </ref> | ||
# The doors of the hechal should be opened prior to the recitation of neilah. <ref> Darchei Moshe | # The doors of the hechal should be opened prior to the recitation of neilah. <ref> Darchei Moshe 623:2, Chemdat Yamim, page 98 </ref> | ||
# Before neilah, the congregation should recitethe piyut "Kel Norah Alilah" with joy and excitement. Afterwards, the prayer of "Ashre" followed by a chatzi [[Kaddish]] should be recited. <ref> Chazon Ovadia on Yamim Noraim, page 369 </ref> | # Before neilah, the congregation should recitethe piyut "Kel Norah Alilah" with joy and excitement. Afterwards, the prayer of "Ashre" followed by a chatzi [[Kaddish]] should be recited. <ref> Chazon Ovadia on Yamim Noraim, page 369 </ref> | ||
# Neilah should be recited approximately 30 minutes before sunset. <ref> Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 112 </ref> | # Neilah should be recited approximately 30 minutes before sunset. <ref> Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 112 </ref> | ||
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==Havdalah== | ==Havdalah== | ||
# | # For sephardim, there is no Besamim bracha in the [[Havdalah]] even if Yom Kippur falls out on Motzei [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 624:3, Rambam Shabbat 29:28, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 384) </ref> Nevertheless, it is proper that after drinking from the wine of havdala that the beracha on besamim should be said and then smell the besamim. <ref> Sh"t Yabea Omer 10: footnotes to Rav Pealim 3:38 </ref> | ||
# For havdala after Yom Kippur only a candle that was lit from before Yom kippur should be used, and not one that is lit after Yom kippur specifically for havdala. If there is no candle that was lit from before, the beracha should not be recited. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 116, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 378 </ref> However, if Motzaei Yom Kippur falls out on Motzaei Shabbat, you can still recite the beracha on a candle that was lit that night if you don't have one lit from before Yom Kippur. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 116, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 378 </ref> | |||
# One should not eat before Havdala. However, if someone is very thirsty, they may drink some water. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 116, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 387, Shoel U'Meishiv 1:129 </ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<References/> | <References/> | ||
