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Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions
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# There is an old minhag (tradition) among Sephardim and Ashkenazim <ref>S"A 605:1 writes that one should prevent the minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:1 explains that the reason for this opinion is that it looks like Darkei Amori (superstitious pagan practice). However, the Rama 605:1 writes that it's an old minhag and one shouldn't stop from keeping the minhag. Mishna Brurah 605:2 explains that the minhag is justified because it's similar to a korban and it's as though the punishment one deserves is taking place on the chicken. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 75) and Sh"t Yabea Omer 2:71 writes that this practice is the minhag of all of klal yisrael and it should not be stopped. Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, chapter 42:1) agrees. </ref> to do Kapparot during the Aseret Yamei Teshuva (ten days of Repentance) and preferably it should be done on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. <ref>Rama 605:1 writes that it is an old minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:2 comments that if there's a concern that having everyone do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning won't give the Shochet enough time to do a proper slaughtering on all the chickens one should do Kapparot a day or two earlier because the entire period of Aseret Yamei Teshuva is a time of atonement. Therefore, Natai Gavriel 10:1 writes that it should be done during Aseret Yomei Teshuva and preferably on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. </ref> If one didn't do it before Yom Kippur one may do it on Hoshana Rabba. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:7 </ref> | # There is an old minhag (tradition) among Sephardim and Ashkenazim <ref>S"A 605:1 writes that one should prevent the minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:1 explains that the reason for this opinion is that it looks like Darkei Amori (superstitious pagan practice). However, the Rama 605:1 writes that it's an old minhag and one shouldn't stop from keeping the minhag. Mishna Brurah 605:2 explains that the minhag is justified because it's similar to a korban and it's as though the punishment one deserves is taking place on the chicken. Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 75) and Sh"t Yabea Omer 2:71 writes that this practice is the minhag of all of klal yisrael and it should not be stopped. Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, chapter 42:1) agrees. </ref> to do Kapparot during the Aseret Yamei Teshuva (ten days of Repentance) and preferably it should be done on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. <ref>Rama 605:1 writes that it is an old minhag to do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur. Mishna Brurah 605:2 comments that if there's a concern that having everyone do Kapparot on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning won't give the Shochet enough time to do a proper slaughtering on all the chickens one should do Kapparot a day or two earlier because the entire period of Aseret Yamei Teshuva is a time of atonement. Therefore, Natai Gavriel 10:1 writes that it should be done during Aseret Yomei Teshuva and preferably on Erev Yom Kippur in the morning. </ref> If one didn't do it before Yom Kippur one may do it on Hoshana Rabba. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:7 </ref> | ||
'''What should be used for Kaparot''' | '''What should be used for Kaparot''' | ||
# One should take a male chicken for a male, female chicken for a female, and both a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Some take two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. <ref>Rama 605:1 writes that one should take a male chicken for a male and a female chicken for a female. Rama 605:1 and Kitzur S"A 131:1 write that one should take a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Mishna Brurah 605:3 writes that some have the practice of taking two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. Natai Gavriel 10:2 agrees. The Magen Avraham 605:3 explains the Rama's minhag by saying that even if the mother and the fetus are considered two bodies they can have atonement with one act of kaparot and compares it to korbanot. However, the Biur HaGra 605 | # One should take a male chicken for a male, female chicken for a female, and both a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Some take two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. <ref>Rama 605:1 writes that one should take a male chicken for a male and a female chicken for a female. Rama 605:1 and Kitzur S"A 131:1 write that one should take a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Mishna Brurah 605:3 writes that some have the practice of taking two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. Natai Gavriel 10:2 agrees. The Magen Avraham 605:3 explains the Rama's minhag by saying that even if the mother and the fetus are considered two bodies they can have atonement with one act of kaparot and compares it to korbanot. However, the Biur HaGra 605 s.v. VeLokchin argues that we pasken Ubar Yerech Imo (a dispute in Gemara Yevamot 78a whether a fetus is considered as the same entity as the mother or not and the halacha, according to the Gra is that the fetus is part of the mother) and so it is sufficient to exempt the mother together with the fetus with one female chicken if the fetus is female.</ref> | ||
## A pregnant woman within 40 days of the pregnancy doesn't need to take a second chicken for Kapparot. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:3 </ref> | ## A pregnant woman within 40 days of the pregnancy doesn't need to take a second chicken for Kapparot. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:3 </ref> | ||
## A pregnant woman does not need to pick up all the chickens at once but it's sufficient to pick them up one at a time. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:4 </ref> | ## A pregnant woman does not need to pick up all the chickens at once but it's sufficient to pick them up one at a time. <ref>Natai Gavriel 10:4 </ref> | ||
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# It's sufficient to add any amount of time before sunset. However, it's praiseworthy to add 20 or 30 minutes before sunset. (See footnote for background) <ref> | # It's sufficient to add any amount of time before sunset. However, it's praiseworthy to add 20 or 30 minutes before sunset. (See footnote for background) <ref> | ||
* S"A 271:2 and 608:1 rules that there's no minimum requirement of time one needs to add to [[Shabbat]] to fulfill Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. 39 Melachos (vol 1, pg 150) rules like S"A that there's no specific minimum time for Tofeset [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 608:2 rules like S"A. | * S"A 271:2 and 608:1 rules that there's no minimum requirement of time one needs to add to [[Shabbat]] to fulfill Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. 39 Melachos (vol 1, pg 150) rules like S"A that there's no specific minimum time for Tofeset [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 608:2 rules like S"A. | ||
* Mishna Brurah 608:2 regarding Yom Kippur references his comments regarding accepting [[Shabbat]] early. There Mishna Brurah 271:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. [Biur Halacha | * Mishna Brurah 608:2 regarding Yom Kippur references his comments regarding accepting [[Shabbat]] early. There Mishna Brurah 271:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. [Biur Halacha s.v. Ayzo Zman posits that this period of time should be no longer than 3/4 of a mil (which is 13.5 minutes).] The Mishna Brurah 271:23 concludes that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Tofeset [[Shabbat]] (adding onto [[Shabbat]]) one should refrain from work 30 or 20 minutes before sunset. See [[When does [[Shabbat]] start?]].Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (new edition, 3:7) rules like S"A but in the footnote (#8) writes that starting 20 or 30 minutes early is praiseworthy. </ref> | ||
# Once one accepted Yom Kippur it is forbidden to eat or do any of the 5 prohibited activities of Yom Kippur. <ref>S"A 608:1, Yalkut Yosef 608:2 </ref> | # Once one accepted Yom Kippur it is forbidden to eat or do any of the 5 prohibited activities of Yom Kippur. <ref>S"A 608:1, Yalkut Yosef 608:2 </ref> | ||
