Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions

#If [[Erev Yom Kippur]] is the [[Yahrzeit]] (annual remembrance of the day of the death) of one's parents, one should not fast but rely on the fast of Yom Kippur. <ref>Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #17)</ref>

#Someone who can't fast on Yom Kippur (because of serious health issues) should still eat on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. <ref>Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #16)<br />

*Ketav Sofer Siman 112 raises this issue and concludes that one should still eat.

*On the other hand, the Netziv in Haamek Sheela Parashat Vizot Haberacha Sheilta 167:12 says that one would not have the obligation of eating on the 9th if he is not fasting on the 10th.</ref>

#One doesn't have to be concerned for chasisa for the dipping in the mikveh on erev yom kippur.<ref>[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=67437 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Vayelech 5779 about min 10)]</ref>

#If it's painful for one to dip in the mikvah or one is unable to because of a weakness one may pour 9 Kav of water on one's head. <ref>Rama 606:4, Mishna Brurah 606:22</ref> Taking a shower for the length of time it takes for 9 Kav (about 3.3 gallons) to come out is sufficient. <ref>Yalkut Yosef 606:4(2) (Moadim pg. 82) and Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 245 writes that it's the procedure of pouring 9 Kav on oneself can be with hot water and by taking a shower. He also writes that 9 Kav is about 12.5 liters which is 3.3 gallons. On average this should only take a couple of minutes ([http://askville.amazon.com/gallons-water-average-10-minute-shower/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=2548818 see here]). </ref> For a lengthy discussion of the 9 Kav see here: [[Preparations_for_Davening#Going_to_Mikveh]].

===Lashes===

</p><p class="indent">It seems that the malkot custom originated in Ashkenazi communities and later spread to Sephardic ones.<ref>Beit Yosef, OC 607.</ref> In some communities the malkot custom is not observed in deference to the fact that Erev Yom Kippur is actually a yom tov in and of itself and therefore rituals that recall punishment are not in keeping with the spirit of the day.<ref>Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:40; Minhag Yisrael Torah, OC 607:3.</ref> It is also noted that the Arizal did not fully subscribe to this custom, though he did perform it on occasion. When he would give (or receive) malkot, he would only give four lashes corresponding to the four-letter name of God and to the four types of capital punishment that the Torah specifies.<ref>Shulchan Aruch Ha’Arizal, OC 607:1; Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:41; Magen Avraham 607:9; Minhag Yisrael Torah, OC 607:3.</ref> A son is not permitted to administer these lashes to his father nor a student to his rebbe.<ref>Mekor Chaim 607. See also YD 241:2.</ref> However, it is permitted should they specifically request it.<ref>Shevet Hakehati 4:166.</ref>

</p><p class="indent">There is also a custom in some Sephardic communities to symbolically reenact the four types of capital punishments that the beit din would administer in ancient times.<ref>Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:41.</ref> Corresponding to the death penalty of sereifa (burning): a few drops of wax from a burning candle are poured on the recipient’s back. Corresponding to the death penalty of sekila (stoning): a few pebbles are gently thrown at the recipient. Corresponding to hereg (beheading): the individual is dragged on the floor (though the connection to beheading is not readily apparent to this writer). Corresponding to chenek (choking): two individuals appointed for this purpose perform a symbolic choking. A number of passages and prayers are recited while each of the four death penalties is “administered.”</p>

===Mincha on Erev Yom Kippur===

*Mishna Brurah 608:2 regarding Yom Kippur references his comments regarding accepting [[Shabbat]] early. There Mishna Brurah 271:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. [Beiur Halacha s.v. Ayzo Zman posits that this period of time should be no longer than 3/4 of a [[mil]] (which is 13.5 minutes).] The Mishna Brurah 271:23 concludes that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Tofeset [[Shabbat]] (adding onto [[Shabbat]]) one should refrain from work 30 or 20 minutes before sunset. See [[When does Shabbat start?]]. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (new edition, 3:7) rules like Shulchan Aruch but in the footnote (#8) writes that starting 20 or 30 minutes early is praiseworthy.</ref>

#Once one accepted Yom Kippur it is forbidden to eat or do any of the 5 prohibited activities of Yom Kippur. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 608:1, Yalkut Yosef 608:2 </ref>

==Yom Kippur Prayers==

===Nighttime prayers of Yom Kippur===

===Mincha===

===Neilah===

''Neilah is the concluding prayer of public fast days, which, in modern times, is only recited on Yom Kippur. It consists of Ashrei, a silent Amidah, a Chazzarat HaShatz, and various selichot and addenda depending on the community. Birkat Kohanim is recited during the repetition of the Amidah.''

====Timing and Procedure====

#Neilah should be recited approximately 30 minutes before sunset. <ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 112 </ref>

#The doors of the hechal should be opened prior to the recitation of neilah. <ref>Darchei Moshe 623:2, Chemdat Yamim, page 98 </ref>

====The Text of Neilah====

#Before neilah, Sephardic congregations recite the piyut "Kel Norah Alilah" with joy and excitement. Afterwards, the [[prayer]] of "Ashre" followed by a chatzi [[Kaddish]] should be recited. <ref>Chazon Ovadia on Yamim Noraim, page 369 </ref>

#As the judgement is about to be sealed in Heaven, we switch any references to being "written" in the book of life (''Kotvenu'') to being "sealed" in it (''Chotmenu''). If one mistakenly said "Kotvenu" instead of the proper nusach of "Chotmenu" during Neilah, one need not go back and repeat anything.<ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113 </ref>

#For Sephardim, the [[Kedusha]] of "Keter" is recited in Neilah, just like in [[Mussaf]].<ref>Yalkut Yosef, Moadim, page 113 </ref>

====Birkat Kohanim====

#The Chazzan should make sure to finish [[Birkat Kohanim]] before sunset; however, if they didn't get to Birkat Kohanim until [[Bein HaShemashot]], [[Birkat Kohanim may still be recited until [[Tzeit HaKochavim]].<ref>Yechaveh Da'at 6:40, Yabia Omer vol. 10 Orach Chaim 108:70, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 112), Or Letzion 2:8:13. They all assume that means up until 13.5 minutes after sunset.</ref> Some, especially Ashkenazim, are not as strict regarding Birkat Kohanim at night.<ref>See Magen Avot Orach Chaim Siman 129</ref>

====The Conclusion of Neilah====

#"Hashem Hu HaElokim" is recited seven times.<ref>Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 623:6</ref>

#The congregation should continue to recite [[selichot]] until 20 minutes after sunset and then blow the [[shofar]] so that there is no concern that people will eat immediately afterwards because they think that Yom Kippur has already ended. <ref>Chazon Ovadia, Yamim Noraim, page 376 </ref>

#Someone who needs to eat on Yom Kippur (see above) doesn’t need to make [[Kiddish]]. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 307), Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (Intro ch. 3, n. 12) </ref> If he says Birkat Hamazon he should say Yom Kippur in Yaaleh V'yavo.<ref>Tashbetz Katan 568 explains that there is a Yaaleh V'yavo in Birkat Hamazon for Yom Kippur since it is a holiday.</ref>

#Someone who is suffering from a bad headache may swallow an Aspirin capsule alone. <ref>Rivevot Efraim 6:320. http://www.aish.com/h/hh/yk/guide/Fasting_on_Yom_Kippur.html permits taking any bitter medicine.  </ref>

#A person with diarrhea's condition theoretically may be such that he must drink on Yom Kippur. <ref>[[Shabbat]] Shabbaton, 64 </ref> A rabbi and doctor should be consulted.

#If there is no doctor available to determine the medical situation, one with hepatitis may drink "less than the permitted amount" on Yom Kippur. <ref>[[Shabbat]] Shabbaton, 68 </ref>

[[Category:Holidays]]

[[Category:Yamim Noraim]]