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Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions
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===Lashes=== | ===Lashes=== | ||
<p class="indent">There is a custom in many communities to symbolically subject oneself to malkot, lashes, on Erev Yom Kippur.<ref>Machzor Vitri 344; Tur, OC 607; OC 607:6.</ref> This is in order to recall that the punishment for most Torah prohibitions is, indeed, lashes.<ref>Devarim 25:3; Makkot 13a, 22a.</ref> Although nowadays this punishment is no longer administered due to the absence of an authentic beit din, many individuals choose to symbolically receive these lashes as an expression of repentance for sins they committed throughout the year.<ref>Mishna Berura 607:18; Aruch Hashulchan, OC 607:9; Shulchan Aruch Harav, OC 607:11; Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 131:11.</ref> Thirty-nine such symbolic lashes are given just as was done in ancient times. Some authorities teach that these symbolic lashes are not merely in order to trigger feelings of repentance, but rather that they actually serve to provide some measure of atonement for the sins one has committed.<ref>Beit Yosef, OC 607.</ref> The lashes should be given in the synagogue.<ref>Tur, OC 607.</ref> Some have the custom to immerse themselves in a mikva thirty-nine times Erev Yom Kippur in order to recall the thirty-nine lashes that the beit din would administer to condemned sinners.<ref>Kaf Hachaim, OC 606:54.</ref> | |||
</p><p class="indent">There are different customs as to how these symbolic lashes are to be administered. According to one approach, the one administering the lashes recites the verse v’Hu rachum while the one receiving them recites Vidui, the traditional confession. As the v’Hu rachum verse contains thirteen words, the procedure is repeated three times in order to arrive at a total of thirty-nine lashes.<ref>Machzor Vitri 344; Aruch Hashulchan, OC 607:9.</ref> In other communities, the procedure is for both the one administering the lashes and the one receiving them to recite v’Hu rachum together in unison.<ref>Sefer Haminhagim (Chabad).</ref> One may use any strap to administer the malkot; there is no requirement for the strap to conform to or resemble the type of strap that was used in the Beit Hamikdash.<ref>Rema, OC 607:6; Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:46, 48. For more on the symbolism of the strap, see Minhag Yisrael Torah, OC 607:4.</ref> However, as a leather strap is to be preferred,<ref>Shulchan Aruch Harav, OC 607:14.</ref> an ordinary belt is usually used for this purpose. The lashes are given very gently – they should not hurt.<ref>Rema, OC 607:6; Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:47.</ref> It is not customary for women to participate in the malkot custom.<ref>Mekor Chaim 607.</ref> | </p><p class="indent">There are different customs as to how these symbolic lashes are to be administered. According to one approach, the one administering the lashes recites the verse v’Hu rachum while the one receiving them recites Vidui, the traditional confession. As the v’Hu rachum verse contains thirteen words, the procedure is repeated three times in order to arrive at a total of thirty-nine lashes.<ref>Machzor Vitri 344; Aruch Hashulchan, OC 607:9.</ref> In other communities, the procedure is for both the one administering the lashes and the one receiving them to recite v’Hu rachum together in unison.<ref>Sefer Haminhagim (Chabad).</ref> One may use any strap to administer the malkot; there is no requirement for the strap to conform to or resemble the type of strap that was used in the Beit Hamikdash.<ref>Rema, OC 607:6; Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:46, 48. For more on the symbolism of the strap, see Minhag Yisrael Torah, OC 607:4.</ref> However, as a leather strap is to be preferred,<ref>Shulchan Aruch Harav, OC 607:14.</ref> an ordinary belt is usually used for this purpose. The lashes are given very gently – they should not hurt.<ref>Rema, OC 607:6; Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:47.</ref> It is not customary for women to participate in the malkot custom.<ref>Mekor Chaim 607.</ref> | ||
</p><p class="indent">Some have the custom to perform the malkot before the Mincha service<ref>Aruch Hashulchan, OC 607:9; Sefer Haminhagim (Chabad).</ref> while others do so after Mincha.<ref>Tur, OC 607, Shulchan Aruch Harav, OC 607:11.</ref> So too, some are particular to perform the malkot before the customary Erev Yom Kippur mikva immersion,<ref>Sefer Haminhagim (Chabad).</ref> while others do so afterwards.<ref>Beit Yosef, OC 607; Kol Bo 68.</ref> Ultimately, however, the malkot ritual can be done any time on Erev Yom Kippur.<ref>Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:41.</ref> Some kneel on one knee when receiving the malkot while others merely bend over slightly.<ref>Mateh Ephraim 607:7.</ref> The one receiving the malkot should face north, though it is acceptable to face south, as well.<ref>Mishna Berura 607:21; Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:51.</ref> One who was unable to receive malkot on Erev Yom Kippur may do so at the conclusion of Yom Kippur.<ref>Torah Lishma 150.</ref> | </p><p class="indent">Some have the custom to perform the malkot before the Mincha service<ref>Aruch Hashulchan, OC 607:9; Sefer Haminhagim (Chabad).</ref> while others do so after Mincha.<ref>Tur, OC 607, Shulchan Aruch Harav, OC 607:11.</ref> So too, some are particular to perform the malkot before the customary Erev Yom Kippur mikva immersion,<ref>Sefer Haminhagim (Chabad).</ref> while others do so afterwards.<ref>Beit Yosef, OC 607; Kol Bo 68.</ref> Ultimately, however, the malkot ritual can be done any time on Erev Yom Kippur.<ref>Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:41.</ref> Some kneel on one knee when receiving the malkot while others merely bend over slightly.<ref>Mateh Ephraim 607:7.</ref> The one receiving the malkot should face north, though it is acceptable to face south, as well.<ref>Mishna Berura 607:21; Kaf Hachaim, OC 607:51.</ref> One who was unable to receive malkot on Erev Yom Kippur may do so at the conclusion of Yom Kippur.<ref>Torah Lishma 150.</ref> | ||
