Yom Kippur: Difference between revisions

# It is a mitzvah to eat and drink on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] and one should even lessen one's learning and work in order to eat more on [[Erev Yom Kippur]].<ref>Tur and S"A 604:1 from gemara [[Berachot]] 8b and [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 604:1), Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 448, #21) , Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 230, Ketav Sofer 112, Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 3:410:2<br />

# This mitzvah primarily applies during the day of [[Erev Yom Kippur]] and not the night of [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 604:2), Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 447, #13), Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 230, Aruch Hashulchan 604:5, Moed Likol Chai 16:14 </ref>

# Preferably one should eat at least one bread meal on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 604:3), Maamer Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu, English version pg 446, #11) </ref>

# There's is no [[Tachanun]] on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. <ref>S"A 604:2 writes that there is no [[Tachanun]] on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 229 agrees. Kaf HaChaim 604:18 points out that one does say [[Tachanun]] at [[Mincha]] before [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. </ref>

* S"A 605:1 writes that one should stop the minhag to do Kapparot on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. Mishna Brurah 605:1 explains that the reason for this opinion is that it looks like Darkei Emori (superstitious pagan practice). This is the opinion of the Rashba in his Teshuvot 395 and quoted by Beit Yosef 605 "Yesh mekomot." Pri Chadash 605:1 agrees.  

# One should take a male chicken for a male, female chicken for a female, and both a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Some take two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. <ref>Rama 605:1 writes that one should take a male chicken for a male and a female chicken for a female. Rama 605:1 and Kitzur S"A 131:1 write that one should take a female and male chicken for a pregnant woman. Mishna Brurah 605:3 writes that some have the practice of taking two female chickens and one male chicken for a pregnant woman. Nitei Gavriel 10:2 agrees. The Magen Avraham 605:3 explains the Rama's minhag by saying that even if the mother and the fetus are considered two bodies they can have atonement with one act of kaparot and compares it to [[korbanot]]. However, the Biur HaGra 605 s.v. VeLokchin argues that we pasken Ubar Yerech Imo (a dispute in Gemara Yevamot 78a whether a fetus is considered as the same entity as the mother or not and the halacha, according to the Gra is that the fetus is part of the mother) and so it is sufficient to exempt the mother together with the fetus with one female chicken if the fetus is female.</ref> If one cannot afford additional chickens for the fetus, one is certainly enough. <ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 226 </ref>  

# Kisui HaDam (covering the blood) should be performed only after the shochet checks his knife to see that it was a proper slaughtering.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:18), Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 227 </ref> Before covering the blood, one should make the bracha על כסוי הדם בעפר. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:18), Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 227, Sh"t Yabea Omer YD 6:2 based on Tur and Shulchan Aruch YD 28:2, Chida in Machazik Beracha 28:2, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Vayelech: Halacha 3 </ref>

# The dirt should be designated by verbally stating that this dirt is for covering of the blood of the chicken. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:17), Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 227</ref>

# Dirt should be place beneath and above the blood of the chicken. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 605:17) </ref>

# Yom Kippur doesn't grant one forgiveness for one's sins between a man and his fellow until one appeases and receives forgiveness from one's friend. Therefore, it's esspecially important to appease one's friend on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. <ref>S"A 606:1 writes that Yom kippur doesn't atone for sins between man and his fellow until one appeases his friend. The Birkei Yosef 606:1 and Pri Megadim MZ 606 write that the special power of Yom Kippur to atone for one's sins between man and Hashem doesn't kick in for him until that person asks forgiveness from anybody who he offended  Mishna Brurah 606:1 explains that during the entire year if one offended one's friend one must appease him, however, if one was unable to do so then one may wait until tomorrow, however, the day before Yom Kippur one must fix everything in order to be cleansed of all one's sins.  </ref>

# Children have a holy obligation to ask forgiveness from their parents because of Kibbud Av VeEm (respecting one's parents). Similarly, spouses should forgive one another. A student should ask forgiveness from his Rebbe if he lives in the city. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S"A 606:11) </ref>

# Some have the practice to dip (Tovel) in the mikvah on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] and it's preferable to do so before [[Mincha]] but some have the practice to do it after Seuda Mafseket as long as one does it before nighttime. <ref>S"A 606:4, Rosh Yoma 8:24, Mishna Brurah 606:17-8. The Maharil (Erev Yom Kippur n. 3) writes that one should dip after Seuda Mafseket in order to dip as close to actual day of Yom Kippur since the dipping is also to encourage Teshuva. He explains even a person who is completely pure, for example a person who dipped on Erev Rosh Hashana and didn't see an emission, should dip on Erev Yom Kippur in order be involved with Teshuva. </ref> Some say that one should does it after 5 halachic hours into the day but if one is unable one may do it after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn). <ref>Yalkut Yosef 606:4(1). for more on the proper time see Moed Likol Chai 12:11 </ref>

# No bracha is made for this tevilah. <ref>S"A 606:4, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim pg. 245 </ref>

# After [[Shemoneh Esrei]] of [[Mincha]] on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] one should say Vidduy as printed in the machzor (siddur) before Elokai Netsor and according Sephardim after Yehiyu LeRatzon and before Elokai Netsor. <ref>S"A 607:1, Mishna Brurah 607:2, Yalkut Yosef 607:1 </ref>

# The minhag is to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] with a bracha. <ref> S"A 610:1 writes that in places where there's a minhag to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]], one should do so, and in places where the minhag is not to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] one should also follow that practice. S"A 610:2 writes that there is an opinion that says one should make a bracha upon lighting candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]]. The Rama 610:2 and Yalkut Yosef 610:1 write that the widespread minhag in Klal Yisrael is to light candles on [[Erev Yom Kippur]] with a bracha.</ref>

# It is a mitzvah to accept Yom Kippur early in order to add from the week onto Yom Kippur. <ref> Gemara [[Rosh Hashana]] 9a learns from Vayikra 23:32 that there is an obligation to add from the weekday onto Yom Kippur called Tosefet Yom Kippur. (This also appears in Yoma 81b). S"A 263:2 brings this as halacha. </ref>

* S"A 271:2 and 608:1 rules that there's no minimum requirement of time one needs to add to [[Shabbat]] to fulfill Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. 39 Melachos (vol 1, pg 150) rules like S"A that there's no specific minimum time for Tofeset [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 608:2 rules like S"A.  

* Mishna Brurah 608:2 regarding Yom Kippur references his comments regarding accepting [[Shabbat]] early. There Mishna Brurah 271:22 quotes the Rosh who argues that a certain amount of time is needed. [Beiur Halacha s.v. Ayzo Zman posits that this period of time should be no longer than 3/4 of a [[mil]] (which is 13.5 minutes).] The Mishna Brurah 271:23 concludes that in order to fulfill the mitzvah of Tofeset [[Shabbat]] (adding onto [[Shabbat]]) one should refrain from work 30 or 20 minutes before sunset. See [[When does [[Shabbat]] start?]].Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (new edition, 3:7) rules like S"A but in the footnote (#8) writes that starting 20 or 30 minutes early is praiseworthy. </ref>

# Once one accepted Yom Kippur it is forbidden to eat or do any of the 5 prohibited activities of Yom Kippur. <ref>S"A 608:1, Yalkut Yosef 608:2 </ref>

# It's forbidden to do any Melacha (lit. work) on Yom Kippur which would be forbidden to do on [[Shabbat]]. <ref>S"A 611:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 282) </ref>

# [[Muktzeh]] (moving certain objects) is prohibited on Yom Kippur to the same extent that on [[Shabbat]] [[Muktzeh]] is forbidden and not to the same extent it is prohibited on [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>S"A 611:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 282) </ref>

# It’s forbidden to wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur. <Ref>S"A 614:2, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 313) </ref>