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Yichud: Difference between revisions
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* The Gemara Kiddushin 80b learns from a Pasuk that Yichud with a relative who one is forbidden to live with (someone who would be in the category of Arayot) is prohibited. The Gemara (Avoda Zara 36b) explicitly calls Yichud with a married women to be a biblical prohibition. Thus, Tur EH 22:1 writes that Yichud with an Erveh is biblical. The Rambam (Issurei Biyah 22:2), however, argues that Yichud is only Divrei Kabbalah. Bet Yosef (EH 22:1) explains that the Rambam holds that Yichud is biblical but just isn't explicit in the Torah. | * The Gemara Kiddushin 80b learns from a Pasuk that Yichud with a relative who one is forbidden to live with (someone who would be in the category of Arayot) is prohibited. The Gemara (Avoda Zara 36b) explicitly calls Yichud with a married women to be a biblical prohibition. Thus, Tur EH 22:1 writes that Yichud with an Erveh is biblical. The Rambam (Issurei Biyah 22:2), however, argues that Yichud is only Divrei Kabbalah. Bet Yosef (EH 22:1) explains that the Rambam holds that Yichud is biblical but just isn't explicit in the Torah. | ||
* The Gemara Avoda Zara 36b says that the Bet Din of Dovid HaMelech instituted the prohibition of Yichud with a single woman and Bet Shamai and Bet Hillel extended Yichud to a non-Jewish woman as well. </ref> | * The Gemara Avoda Zara 36b says that the Bet Din of Dovid HaMelech instituted the prohibition of Yichud with a single woman and Bet Shamai and Bet Hillel extended Yichud to a non-Jewish woman as well. </ref> | ||
# According to Sephardim, one may not be secluded with multiple woman nor one woman may not be secluded with multiple men. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:10. According to Yam Shel Shlomo Kiddushin Siman 20 and Sh"t Maharsham 3:152, one man with two women is a biblical prohibition. see however, Sh"t HaRashba 1:587 and Sh"t Chavot Yair 73 </ref> | |||
==-Family Members=== | |||
# It is permitted for a man to seclude himself with his mother, daughter, granddaughter, or wife even when she in her state of Niddah. It is permissible for a man to seclude himself with his sister, however, it shouldn't be done frequently. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:1, Gan Naul pages 9-10. </ref> A brother and sister still living in their parents home may be left alone together for only a few days and not for an extended period of time. <ref> Gan Naul pages 10-12 </ref> | # It is permitted for a man to seclude himself with his mother, daughter, granddaughter, or wife even when she in her state of Niddah. It is permissible for a man to seclude himself with his sister, however, it shouldn't be done frequently. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:1, Gan Naul pages 9-10. </ref> A brother and sister still living in their parents home may be left alone together for only a few days and not for an extended period of time. <ref> Gan Naul pages 10-12 </ref> | ||
# If a woman's husband is in the city, it's permissible to seclude with her unless one has a close relationship with her such as if one grew up with her or is a relative. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:7 </ref> | # If a woman's husband is in the city, it's permissible to seclude with her unless one has a close relationship with her such as if one grew up with her or is a relative. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Ishut EH Siman 22:7 </ref> | ||
# | # When one’s wife is with him, there is no problem of being alone with other women as well<ref> S"A Even Haezer 22:5. Beit Shmuel 22:8 says that the reason for this leniency is that one’s wife is assumed to watch him to avoid sinning </ref> Most poskim assume that this leniency applies to one's mother, daughter, and sister as well. Therefore, if a man is in a room with his wife, mother, daughter or sister, and one other woman he does not violate the yichud prohibition. <ref>The Pitchei Teshuva EH 22:2 does not extend this Heter to one’s daughter (meaning a man, his daughter and a third person would violate Yichud), while Iggerot Moshe Even Haezer 2:15 extends it to a daughter and in Iggerot Moshe 4:65:8 extends it to a mother, and sister as well. The Nitei Gavriel Yichud 40:1 follows Rav Moshe (and in footnote 1 quotes many others who do as well). </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden for a man and woman to seclude | ==Camera== | ||
# It is forbidden for a man and woman to seclude themselves together even if there's a camera or webcam that makes everything in the room visible to onlookers in another location. <ref> Kuntres Internet BeHalacha (p. 33) discusses whether having a webcam is similar to having a door open to the public domain and in the conclusion quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that it is not a valid leniency. </ref> | |||
==Open to the Public== | ==Open to the Public== | ||
# It is permitted for a man and woman to be secluded with one another in an area that is open to the public<ref>Kiddushin 81a, Shulchan Aruch EH 22:9</ref> except at nighttime.<ref> Beer Heitev 22:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 152:5</ref> | # It is permitted for a man and woman to be secluded with one another in an area that is open to the public<ref>Kiddushin 81a, Shulchan Aruch EH 22:9</ref> except at nighttime.<ref> Beer Heitev 22:9, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 152:5</ref> | ||
