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Which Melachot Are Forbidden on Yom Tov?: Difference between revisions

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Which Melachot Are Forbidden on Yom Tov? (view source)

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==Difference between [[Yom Tov]] and Shabbat==
==Difference between [[Yom Tov]] and Shabbat==
# All the Melachot that are forbidden on [[Shabbat]] are also forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except making a food for day, carrying, and lighting a fire. <ref> Mishna in Betzah 37 says that anything that is forbidden on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except "Ochel Nefesh" which is limited to making food that that  day alone. The Gemara Betzah 12 explains that since Bet Hillel holds of the principle of "Metoch" (lit. based on) and so it's permissible to carry and lit a fire on [[Yom Tov]] becasue once the Melacha is permitted in order to do Ochel Nefesh it's permitted also not for Ochel Nefesh purposes. S"A 495:1 rules like Bet Hillel and permits making food for Ochel Nefesh, carrying and lighting a fire on [[Yom Tov]]. </ref>
# All the Melachot that are forbidden on [[Shabbat]] are also forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except making a food for that day (Ochel Nefesh), carrying, and lighting a fire. <ref> Mishna in Betzah 37 says that anything that is forbidden on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except "Ochel Nefesh" which is limited to making food that that  day alone. The Gemara Betzah 12 explains that since Bet Hillel holds of the principle of "Metoch" (lit. based on) and so it's permissible to carry and lit a fire on [[Yom Tov]] becasue once the Melacha is permitted in order to do Ochel Nefesh it's permitted also not for Ochel Nefesh purposes. S"A 495:1 rules like Bet Hillel and permits making food for Ochel Nefesh, carrying and lighting a fire on [[Yom Tov]]. </ref> The details of these differences between [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] are described below.
# Carrying and lighting a fire is permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. <Ref>S”A 495:1 </ref> Carrying is only permitted if there’s some need for [[Yom Tov]], however, it’s forbidden to carry for no reason. <Ref>Rama 518:1, Biur Halacha 518:1 D”H Mitoch </ref>One may not light a fire from scratch. <Ref>S”A 502:1 </ref>
# Carrying and lighting a fire is permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. <Ref>S”A 495:1 </ref> Carrying is only permitted if there’s some need for [[Yom Tov]], however, it’s forbidden to carry for no reason. <Ref>Rama 518:1, Biur Halacha 518:1 D”H Mitoch </ref>
# One may not light a fire from scratch. <Ref>S”A 502:1 </ref>
==Preparing food on Yom Tov==
# Ashkenazim are strict to only cook for Ochel Nefesh things that couldn't have been prepared on Erev [[Yom Tov]], however, food which would have tasted the same whether it was cooked on [[Yom Tov]] or before, it must be cooked before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Rama 495:1 rules in name of the Or Zaruha and Maharil that one should only do Ochel Nefesh if the food couldn't have been prepared before [[Yom Tov]]. Mishna Brurah 495:8 in the name of the Achronim that such is the halacha. </ref> if one forgot and there’s a need for the [[Yom Tov]] one may do it on [[Yom Tov]] with a shinui. <Ref>Rama 495:1, Mishna Brurah 495:8 </ref> If one was unable to make this type of food before yom Tov because of Ones (unforeseeable circumstances). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 495:10 </ref>
# One is permitted to do Melacha to fix vessels in order to make food that's Ochel Nefesh if the fixing couldn't have been done before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Gemara Megillah 7 has a dispute whether on [[Yom Tov]] one can fix a vessel needed for Ochel Nefesh, and Rabbi Yehuda permits. S"A 495:1 rules like Rabbi Yehuda. </ref>
# The Melachot of [[Kesirah]] ([[Harvesting]]), [[Techinah]] ([[Grinding]]), Besirah (picking grapes), [[Sechitah]] ([[Squeezing]] liquids out of a solid), and [[Tzedah]] ([[Trapping]]), are forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] even if they are needed for Ochel Nefesh. <ref> S"A 495:2 </ref>
## Just like on [[Shabbat]] it's permitted to squeeze a food into another food, it's also permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. For example, it'd be permitted to squeeze a lemon onto sugar and then pour water on top of it. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=546 Rabbi Eli Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref>
## It’s permitted to soak matzah and squeeze out the liquid in preparation to cooking. <Ref> Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 5:14 </ref>
 
==Derabbanan prohibitions on Yom Tov==
==Derabbanan prohibitions on Yom Tov==
# It’s forbidden to ask a non-Jew on [[Yom Tov]] to do any activity which is prohibited for a Jew to perform (just like Amirah LeNochri on [[Shabbat]]). <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 1), Mishna Brurah 495:1 </ref>
# It’s forbidden to ask a non-Jew on [[Yom Tov]] to do any activity which is prohibited for a Jew to perform (just like Amirah LeNochri on [[Shabbat]]). <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 1), Mishna Brurah 495:1 </ref>
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# It’s forbidden to buy and sell on [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>Hilchot HaMoadim (Dinei [[Yom Tov]], 1:26, pg 40) </ref>
# It’s forbidden to buy and sell on [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>Hilchot HaMoadim (Dinei [[Yom Tov]], 1:26, pg 40) </ref>
# It’s permissible to do a verbal preparation from one day of Yom tov to the [[second day of Yom Tov Shel Galiyot]], however, it’s forbidden to do an action as preparation from one day to another (which is called [[Hachanah]]). <Ref>Rama 495:15, Mishna Brurah 495:23 </ref>
# It’s permissible to do a verbal preparation from one day of Yom tov to the [[second day of Yom Tov Shel Galiyot]], however, it’s forbidden to do an action as preparation from one day to another (which is called [[Hachanah]]). <Ref>Rama 495:15, Mishna Brurah 495:23 </ref>
==Preparing food on Yom Tov==
 
# Ashkenazim are strict to only cook for Ochel Nefesh things that couldn't have been prepared on Erev [[Yom Tov]], however, food which would have tasted the same whether it was cooked on [[Yom Tov]] or before, it must be cooked before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Rama 495:1 rules in name of the Or Zaruha and Maharil that one should only do Ochel Nefesh if the food couldn't have been prepared before [[Yom Tov]]. Mishna Brurah 495:8 in the name of the Achronim that such is the halacha. </ref> if one forgot and there’s a need for the [[Yom Tov]] one may do it on [[Yom Tov]] with a shinui. <Ref>Rama 495:1, Mishna Brurah 495:8 </ref> If one was unable to make this type of food before yom Tov because of Ones (unforeseeable circumstances). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 495:10 </ref>
# One is permitted to do Melacha to fix vessels in order to make food that's Ochel Nefesh if the fixing couldn't have been done before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Gemara Megillah 7 has a dispute whether on [[Yom Tov]] one can fix a vessel needed for Ochel Nefesh, and Rabbi Yehuda permits. S"A 495:1 rules like Rabbi Yehuda. </ref>
# The Melachot of [[Kesirah]] ([[harvesting]]), [[Techinah]] ([[grinding]]), Besirah (picking grapes), [[Sechitah]] ([[squeezing]] liquids out of a solid), and [[Tzedah]] ([[trapping]]), are forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] even if they are needed for Ochel Nefesh. <ref> S"A 495:2 </ref>
# Just like on [[Shabbat]] it's permitted to squeeze a food into another food, it's also permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. For example, it'd be permitted to squeeze a lemon onto sugar and then pour water on top of it. <ref> http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=546 </ref>
==Having one's animal rest on Yom Tov==
==Having one's animal rest on Yom Tov==
# Similar to [[Shabbat]] it's forbidden to rent out one's animal to a non-Jew on [[Yom Tov]] because one is not allowed to have one's animal do work on [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Bet Yosef (OC Siman 495) quotes a dispute whether Shevitat behemto (letting one's animal rest) applies to [[Yom Tov]] or is it specific to [[Shabbat]]. (This dispute is also quoted in the Orchot Chaim (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] #5) and Kol Bo (Siman 58 pg 17d)). The Bet Yosef concludes that it seems from the poskim (Rif, Rambam, and Rosh) who don't make this distinction between [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] that Shevitat Behemto is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]].The Bach 495 argues on the Bet Yosef explaining that the reason that Shevitat Behemto and Mechamer don't apply to [[Yom Tov]] is that they aren't included the Melachot but rather a specific prohibition which is exclusive to [[Shabbat]]. The Rama 246:3 rules that leniently. Magan Avraham concludes that one should be strict based on this Bet Yosef. So rule many Achronim. </ref>
# Similar to [[Shabbat]] it's forbidden to rent out one's animal to a non-Jew on [[Yom Tov]] because one is not allowed to have one's animal do work on [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Bet Yosef (OC Siman 495) quotes a dispute whether Shevitat behemto (letting one's animal rest) applies to [[Yom Tov]] or is it specific to [[Shabbat]]. (This dispute is also quoted in the Orchot Chaim (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] #5) and Kol Bo (Siman 58 pg 17d)). The Bet Yosef concludes that it seems from the poskim (Rif, Rambam, and Rosh) who don't make this distinction between [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] that Shevitat Behemto is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]].The Bach 495 argues on the Bet Yosef explaining that the reason that Shevitat Behemto and Mechamer don't apply to [[Yom Tov]] is that they aren't included the Melachot but rather a specific prohibition which is exclusive to [[Shabbat]]. The Rama 246:3 rules that leniently. Magan Avraham concludes that one should be strict based on this Bet Yosef. So rule many Achronim. </ref>
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