Which Melachot Are Forbidden on Yom Tov?: Difference between revisions

# [[Carrying]] and lighting a fire is permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 495:1 </ref> [[Carrying]] is only permitted if there’s some need for [[Yom Tov]], however, it’s forbidden to carry for no reason. <Ref>Rama 518:1, Beiur Halacha 518:1 s.v. Mitoch </ref>

# One may not light a fire from scratch. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 502:1 </ref>

* The Rif (Betizah 12a) however, explains that cooking the meat on the coals is permitted because it doesn't cause the coals to be extinguished. The Ramban (Milchamot 12a s.v. Amar HaKotev Zeh) and Ran (12a s.v. Iybaya) explain the Rif as saying that putting the meat on the coals isn't considered extinguishing because it is temporary and will reignite. Accordingly, the Rif holds that in general one may not extinguish for the purposes of Ochel Nefesh.  

* The Rosh (Beitzah 2:23) quotes the version of the Rif, but seems to side with Rashi in Beitzah 4:8. Additionally, the Rambam (Yom Tov 4:6) doesn't side clearly with the Rif or Rashi. With regards to the halacha, although the Bet Yosef 511:4 quotes the Rif and Ran, in Shulchan Aruch 507:4 it is clear he follows the opinion of Rashi. Taz 511:7, Eliyah Rabba 511:6, and Mishna Brurah 511:25 rule like Rashi that extinguishing is permitted for Ochel Nefesh.  

* The Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 298) and Raah (Beitzah 22a s.v. eytevey) might have a middle opinion. If the kibbuy directly prevents the food from being burnt that isn't ochel nefesh, however, if the kibbuy is part of the normal process of cooking that is permitted. Another similar compromise is the opinion of the Meiri (Beitzah 22a s.v. vchen) who holds that kibbuy as a necessary unintended part of the cooking is permitted but actual direct kibbuy is forbidden. See footnotes to Rashba (Beitzah 22a Mosad Rav Kook fnt. 226) who suggests that Rashi 22a s.v. chayav agrees with the Meiri. However, Eliya Rabba 514:6 understands Rashi differently.

* Agudah (Beitzah 2:33) holds that directly violating extinguishing for the purposes of eating on Yom Tov is permitted. Therefore, he permits removing oil from a burning flame on Yom Tov. However, Eliya Rabba 514:6 writes that the Rashba in Avodat Hakodesh (Bet Moed 3:3:18), Roke'ach (299), Rabbenu Yerucham (4:1 29b) hold that removing oil from a candle in order to eat the oil is forbidden on yom tov. Meiri (Beitzah 22a s.v. gedolei) also forbids. </ref>

* Rama 495:1 writes that if a food would taste just as good if it was cooked before Yom Tov then one shouldn’t cook it on Yom Tov itself. After the fact if one didn’t cook it before Yom Tov one may do so with a shinuy. Shulchan Aruch 495:1 implies that any ochel nefesh activity is permitted even if it was possible to do from yesterday.

* The Biur Halacha s.v. mihu explains that there are 3 opinions: The Ran who allows ochel nefesh even if it is possible to do yesterday, the Smag (Lavin 75) who says initially it is forbidden but after the fact it can be done with a shinuy, and the Or Zaruah (Pesach n. 248) who says it is forbidden altogether. The Shulchan Aruch follows the Ran and the Rama the Smag.  

* Many rishonim hold that ochel nefesh is forbidden if it was possible from yesterday. These include: Tosfot (Megillah 7a s.v. kaan), Kol Bo (no. 58, cited by Bet Yosef 504:1), Or Zaruah (no. 248), Maharach Or Zaruah (no. 33), [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=40609&st=&pgnum=250 Michtam (Beitzah 28b)] in understanding the Rambam, Rivash (responsa 184), and Maharil (Hilchot Yom Tov, cited by Darkei Moshe 495:2). See Chazon Ovadia p. 8 who is concerned for this opinion initially. The Achronim who agree with this approach include: Maharshal (Beitzah 3:1), Pri Chadash 495:1, Shiurei Knesset Hagedola (Bet Yosef 495:5), Birkei Yosef 495:2, and Kaf Hachaim 495:10.

* The Mordechai (Beitzah no. 657) writes that it is forbidden to make sour dough in order to make dough rise since it can be made before Yom Tov. Shulchan Aruch 506:8 holds like the Mordechai. Seemingly this is a contradiction to Shulchan Aruch 495:1. Biur Halacha 495 s.v. vechen answers that preparing sour dough is worse since it is usually prepared a long time in advance. </ref> if one forgot and there’s a need for the [[Yom Tov]] one may do it on [[Yom Tov]] with a shinui. <Ref>Rama 495:1, Mishna Brurah 495:8 </ref> If one was unable to make this type of food before [[yom Tov]] because of Ones (unforeseeable circumstances). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 495:10 </ref>

## For example, it is proper to bake cake before Yom Tov which could be prepared before Yom Tov without a loss of taste.<ref>Chazon Ovadia Yom Tov p. 9</ref>

==Mitzvot of Yom Tov==

# There’s a mitzvah to add to [[Yom Tov]] just like there’s a mitzvah of Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 495:1 </ref>

==Sources==