When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions

==The earliest time of Davening==

# One can only say Korbanot during the day, meaning after Olot HaShachar (which is 72 minutes in Shaot Zmaniot). <Ref>S”A 1:6. </ref>

# The earliest time that one can put on Talit is MeSheYakir, which is one hour (in Shaot Zmaniot) before Olot HaShachar. <Ref>S”A 18:3 rules that the time to make the Bracha on talit is from MeSheYakir. There is a dispute among the achronim when is MeSheYakir. Because of Safek Brachot LeHakel, Halacha Brurah 18:6 one can’t make the Bracha earlier than a fifth of an hour (in Shaot Zmaniot) after Olot HaShachar. </ref>

# Ashkenazim, in a case of need, can be lenient to say the Bracha on Talit from Olot HaShachar (which is 72 minutes in Shaot Zmaniot before Netz). <Ref> Rama 18:3 says that Bedieved if one wears a Talit after Olot HaShachar one should make a Bracha and concludes that such was the minhag. </ref>

==Times for Shacharit==

===Latest time===

# The latest time to say Shemona Esreh of Shacharit is the end of the fourth hour (in Shaot Zmaniot). <Ref>The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that the latest time Shacharit could be said according to Rabbi Yehuda is the fourth hour and according to the Rabbis is the sixth hour. The Gemara (27a) writes that we hold like Rabbi Yehuda because there is a Mishna in Ediyot that supports Rabbi Yehuda. This is codified by the Rif 18a, Rosh 4:1, and Rambam (Tefillah 3:1). The halacha is brought in Tur and Shulchan Aruch 89:1 </ref>

* Additionally, if one explains like the Rif then one would be able to at any time even between six and sixth and a half, while according to the Rambam one should only be able to pray as long as there is some opinion which considers it the time for Shacharit. The Bet Yosef adds that the rashba agrees to the Rambam. (It seems that the Bet Yosef understands the Rashba to say that you certainly can not pray during the half hour after Chatzot. The Bach argues that the Rashba meant something else entirely- that one should pray the Tashlumin right after having prayed the obligatory Tefilla.)  

* The Mishna Brurah 89:6 writes that because of the dispute one should still pray after the fourth hour even if one intentionally missed praying earlier but nonetheless should stipulate that if one is exempt that one is praying voluntarily. </ref>

# The ideal Mitzvah is to start praying Shemona Esreh of Shacharit at Netz HaChama (sunrise). <ref> Gemara Brachot 26a writes the ideal time to pray Shacharit is at Netz HaChama and that was the practice of the Vatikin (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam (Tefillah 3:1), Rosh (Brachot 4:1), Tur and S”A 89:1 </ref>

# After the fact, if one did pray after Olot HaShachar (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after Olot HaShachar one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. </ref>