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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
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# The ideal Mitzvah is to start praying [[Shemoneh Esrei]] of Shacharit at [[Netz HaChama]] (sunrise). <ref> Gemara Brachot 26a writes the ideal time to pray Shacharit is at [[Netz HaChama]] and that was the practice of the Vatikin (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam (Tefillah 3:1), Rosh (Brachot 4:1), Tur and S”A 89:1 </ref> | # The ideal Mitzvah is to start praying [[Shemoneh Esrei]] of Shacharit at [[Netz HaChama]] (sunrise). <ref> Gemara Brachot 26a writes the ideal time to pray Shacharit is at [[Netz HaChama]] and that was the practice of the Vatikin (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam (Tefillah 3:1), Rosh (Brachot 4:1), Tur and S”A 89:1 </ref> | ||
# After the fact, if one did pray after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. </ref> | # After the fact, if one did pray after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. </ref> | ||
# If one needs to travel or in a case of extreme difficulty one may pray Shacharit after [[Olot HaShachar]] before Netz, but nonetheless one may not make the Bracha on Talit and [[Tefillin]] or say [[ | # If one needs to travel or in a case of extreme difficulty one may pray Shacharit after [[Olot HaShachar]] before Netz, but nonetheless one may not make the Bracha on Talit and [[Tefillin]] or say [[Kriyat Shema]] until [[Mesheyakir]]. <Ref> | ||
* The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. | * The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. | ||
* There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray Shacharit before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi (Brachot 30a D”H VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah). | * There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray Shacharit before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi (Brachot 30a D”H VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah). | ||
* Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray Shacharit [[Shemoneh Esrei]] immediately after [[Olot HaShachar]] and then say Shema while traveling if one is able to have kavana (proper intent) while traveling. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. </ref> | * Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray Shacharit [[Shemoneh Esrei]] immediately after [[Olot HaShachar]] and then say Shema while traveling if one is able to have kavana (proper intent) while traveling. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. </ref> | ||
## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a minyan that prays early according to the following schedule: say up to Birchot [[ | ## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a minyan that prays early according to the following schedule: say up to Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]] without Talit and [[Tefillin]] (except for Shaliach Tzibbur who should put on Talit and [[Tefillin]] before Yishtabach), when [[MeSheYakir]] arrives put on Talit and Tefillin, then continue from there. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30). Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:6 writes that a person who needs to make it to work is considered an extenuating circumstance in which S"A 89:8 writes that one may pray Shacharit after Olot Hashachar.</ref> | ||
## If the choice is to pray with an early minyan that follow this system or pray later privately at one’s office one should pray earlier with a minyan. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30), Peri Yitzchak 1:2, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 5:10, Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:10. Chazon Ish (Ishei Yisrael 13:note 21) rule likewise. </ref> Some disagree and say that you should pray on your own. <ref> | ## If the choice is to pray with an early minyan that follow this system or pray later privately at one’s office one should pray earlier with a minyan. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30), Peri Yitzchak 1:2, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 5:10, Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:10. Chazon Ish (Ishei Yisrael 13:note 21) rule likewise. </ref> Some disagree and say that you should pray on your own. <ref> | ||
Sh”t Sheilot Shmuel OC 12, Iggerot Moshe, OC 4:6, Rav Elyashiv (quoted in Avnei Yashfei Tefillah page 167), Yalkut Yosef Tefilla pages 137-139. </ref> | Sh”t Sheilot Shmuel OC 12, Iggerot Moshe, OC 4:6, Rav Elyashiv (quoted in Avnei Yashfei Tefillah page 167), Yalkut Yosef Tefilla pages 137-139. </ref> | ||
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# If one prayed Arvit prior to ten and three quarter hours one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by S”A 233:1 </ref> | # If one prayed Arvit prior to ten and three quarter hours one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by S”A 233:1 </ref> | ||
# If one only has the ability to pray Arvit with a minyan before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should pray with them (and not pray later oneself) as long as one makes sure to repeat Shema later after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. When saying Shema with the minyan one shouldn’t have in mind to fulfill one’s obligation of Shema. <Ref> | # If one only has the ability to pray Arvit with a minyan before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should pray with them (and not pray later oneself) as long as one makes sure to repeat Shema later after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. When saying Shema with the minyan one shouldn’t have in mind to fulfill one’s obligation of Shema. <Ref> | ||
* The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say [[ | * The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say [[Kriyat Shema]] at night is from [[Tzet HaKochavim]] like the simple Mishna and Gemara Brachot 2a. The Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:9) concurs. | ||
* Rashi (Brachot 2a D”H Ad Sof) also holds that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the Brachot explaining that the Shema is Shul is only to precede [[Shemoneh Esrei]] with words of Torah and the primary time one fulfills Shema is before going to sleep. | * Rashi (Brachot 2a D”H Ad Sof) also holds that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the Brachot explaining that the Shema is Shul is only to precede [[Shemoneh Esrei]] with words of Torah and the primary time one fulfills Shema is before going to sleep. | ||
* Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot Brachot 2a D”H Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say Arvit from Plag Mincha so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag Mincha. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it’s because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. | * Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot Brachot 2a D”H Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say Arvit from Plag Mincha so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag Mincha. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it’s because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. | ||
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==Times for Arvit== | ==Times for Arvit== | ||
===Earliest time=== | ===Earliest time=== | ||
# One should make sure to say [[ | # One should make sure to say [[Kriyat Shema]] after Tzet hakochavim.<ref>Kitzur S"A 70:1</ref> | ||
# Ideally, one should pray Arvit after [[Tzet HaKochavim]].<ref>Kitzur S"A 70:2</ref> However, according to certain minhagim and in certain cases one may say Arvit earlier, [[#Timeforarvit|see above]] for these halachot. | # Ideally, one should pray Arvit after [[Tzet HaKochavim]].<ref>Kitzur S"A 70:2</ref> However, according to certain minhagim and in certain cases one may say Arvit earlier, [[#Timeforarvit|see above]] for these halachot. | ||
===Latest time=== | ===Latest time=== | ||
