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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions

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# A minyan may be lenient to take both the leniency of Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbanan to pray both Mincha and Arvit between ten and three quarter hours and nighttime, however, an individual may not do so. Nonetheless, it’s preferable for even the minyan to be consistent and pray Mincha before nighttime and Arvit after nighttime (according to the (general) minhag to follow Rabbanan). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minayn where there’s an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for maariv (and people can’t wait in shul), then it’s permissible for a minyan to say maariv right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag Mincha and nighttime). S”A 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref>
# A minyan may be lenient to take both the leniency of Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbanan to pray both Mincha and Arvit between ten and three quarter hours and nighttime, however, an individual may not do so. Nonetheless, it’s preferable for even the minyan to be consistent and pray Mincha before nighttime and Arvit after nighttime (according to the (general) minhag to follow Rabbanan). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minayn where there’s an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for maariv (and people can’t wait in shul), then it’s permissible for a minyan to say maariv right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag Mincha and nighttime). S”A 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref>
# If one prayed Arvit prior to ten and three quarter hours one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by S”A 233:1 </ref>
# If one prayed Arvit prior to ten and three quarter hours one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by S”A 233:1 </ref>
# If one only has the ability to pray Arvit with a minyan before [[Tzet HaCochavim]] one should pray with them (and not pray later oneself) as long as one makes sure to repeat Shema later after [[Tzet HaCochavim]]. When saying Shema with the minyan one shouldn’t have in mind to fulfill one’s obligation of Shema. <Ref>
# If one only has the ability to pray Arvit with a minyan before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should pray with them (and not pray later oneself) as long as one makes sure to repeat Shema later after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. When saying Shema with the minyan one shouldn’t have in mind to fulfill one’s obligation of Shema. <Ref>
* The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say Kriyat Shema at night is from [[Tzet HaCochavim]] like the simple Mishna and Gemara Brachot 2a. The Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:9) concurs.  
* The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say Kriyat Shema at night is from [[Tzet HaKochavim]] like the simple Mishna and Gemara Brachot 2a. The Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:9) concurs.  
* Rashi (Brachot 2a D”H Ad Sof) also holds that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaCochavim]] but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the Brachot explaining that the Shema is Shul is only to precede [[Shemoneh Esrei]] with words of Torah and the primary time one fulfills Shema is before going to sleep.  
* Rashi (Brachot 2a D”H Ad Sof) also holds that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the Brachot explaining that the Shema is Shul is only to precede [[Shemoneh Esrei]] with words of Torah and the primary time one fulfills Shema is before going to sleep.  
* Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot Brachot 2a D”H Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say Arvit from Plag Mincha so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag Mincha. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it’s because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than [[Tzet HaCochavim]].  
* Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot Brachot 2a D”H Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say Arvit from Plag Mincha so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag Mincha. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it’s because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]].  
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) rejects the Rabbenu Tam’s comparison between the time for Arvit and Shema and rather says that with difficulty one could defend the minhag like the Ri but nonetheless preferably one should say Shema only after [[Tzet HaCochavim]].  
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) rejects the Rabbenu Tam’s comparison between the time for Arvit and Shema and rather says that with difficulty one could defend the minhag like the Ri but nonetheless preferably one should say Shema only after [[Tzet HaKochavim]].  
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) quotes the Rav Hai Goan who says that if one is in a situation where one could either pray with a minyan before [[Tzet HaCochavim]] or pray by oneself later one should pray with the minyan early but not say Shema with the Brachot until later. Rav Hai Goan also suggests that one could pray with the congregation as a voluntary prayer and then pray again oneself with Shema and [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. This is also quoted by the Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1b D”H VeRabbenu Hai), Rashba (Brachot 2a D”H VeNishal), and Tur 235:1.  
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) quotes the Rav Hai Goan who says that if one is in a situation where one could either pray with a minyan before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] or pray by oneself later one should pray with the minyan early but not say Shema with the Brachot until later. Rav Hai Goan also suggests that one could pray with the congregation as a voluntary prayer and then pray again oneself with Shema and [[Shemoneh Esrei]]. This is also quoted by the Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1b D”H VeRabbenu Hai), Rashba (Brachot 2a D”H VeNishal), and Tur 235:1.  
* Rabbenu Yonah gives an alternative for someone in that situation; say Brachot of Shema, Shema with intent not to fulfill one’s obligation but rather just as words of Torah, and then [[Shemoneh Esrei]] with the minyan and after [[Tzet HaCochavim]] one should say repeat Shema.  
* Rabbenu Yonah gives an alternative for someone in that situation; say Brachot of Shema, Shema with intent not to fulfill one’s obligation but rather just as words of Torah, and then [[Shemoneh Esrei]] with the minyan and after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should say repeat Shema.  
* The Bet Yosef 235:1 concludes that one should make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaCochavim]] but one may follow the above suggestions (of Rav Hai and Rabbenu Yonah). The S”A 235:1 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that if one is praying with a congregation earlier than [[Tzet HaCochavim]] one should say Shema with the Brachot and [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and then repeat Shema at [[Tzet HaCochavim]].  
* The Bet Yosef 235:1 concludes that one should make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but one may follow the above suggestions (of Rav Hai and Rabbenu Yonah). The S”A 235:1 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that if one is praying with a congregation earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should say Shema with the Brachot and [[Shemoneh Esrei]] and then repeat Shema at [[Tzet HaKochavim]].  
* The Mishna Brurah 235:9 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that when saying Shema early one shouldn’t have intent to fulfill one’s obligation until [[Tzet HaCochavim]]. The Mishna Brurah 235:11 writes that it’s a dispute whether one must has to repeat the third paragraph of Shema. </ref>
* The Mishna Brurah 235:9 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that when saying Shema early one shouldn’t have intent to fulfill one’s obligation until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. The Mishna Brurah 235:11 writes that it’s a dispute whether one must has to repeat the third paragraph of Shema. </ref>
# If one made a mistake and prayed Arvit thinking that it was nighttime but really it was earlier one must pray again at the proper time. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said Arvit early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b D”H Rav) explains that since one made a mistake and didn’t intend to pray Arvit early one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation. The Magan Avraham 263:26 and Mishna Brurah 263:55 agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. </ref>
# If one made a mistake and prayed Arvit thinking that it was nighttime but really it was earlier one must pray again at the proper time. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said Arvit early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b D”H Rav) explains that since one made a mistake and didn’t intend to pray Arvit early one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation. The Magan Avraham 263:26 and Mishna Brurah 263:55 agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. </ref>
# Regarding praying Arvit early on Friday night see [[Accepting [[Shabbat]] early]].
# Regarding praying Arvit early on Friday night see [[Accepting [[Shabbat]] early]].