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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
Revision as of 18:45, 6 February 2012
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==Times for Shacharit== | ==Times for Shacharit== | ||
===Earliest time=== | ===Earliest time=== | ||
# The ideal Mitzvah is to start praying Shemona Esreh of Shacharit at Netz HaChama (sunrise). <ref> Gemara Brachot 26a writes the ideal time to pray Shacharit is at Netz HaChama and that was the practice of the Vatikin (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam (Tefillah 3:1), Rosh (Brachot 4:1), Tur and S”A 89:1 </ref> | # The ideal Mitzvah is to start praying [[Shemona Esreh]] of Shacharit at Netz HaChama (sunrise). <ref> Gemara Brachot 26a writes the ideal time to pray Shacharit is at Netz HaChama and that was the practice of the Vatikin (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam (Tefillah 3:1), Rosh (Brachot 4:1), Tur and S”A 89:1 </ref> | ||
# After the fact, if one did pray after Olot HaShachar (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after Olot HaShachar one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. </ref> | # After the fact, if one did pray after Olot HaShachar (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after Olot HaShachar one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. </ref> | ||
# If one needs to travel or in a case of extreme difficulty one may pray Shacharit after Olot HaShachar before Netz, but nonetheless one may not make the Bracha on Talit and Tefillin or say Kriyat Shema until Mesheyakir. <Ref> | # If one needs to travel or in a case of extreme difficulty one may pray Shacharit after Olot HaShachar before Netz, but nonetheless one may not make the Bracha on Talit and Tefillin or say Kriyat Shema until Mesheyakir. <Ref> | ||
* The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after Olot HaShachar one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. | * The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at Netz (sunrise) if one prayed after Olot HaShachar one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam (Tefillah 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. | ||
* There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray Shacharit before Olot HaShachar. The basis of this approach is Rashi (Brachot 30a D”H VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah). | * There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray Shacharit before Olot HaShachar. The basis of this approach is Rashi (Brachot 30a D”H VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah). | ||
* Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray Shacharit Shemona Esreh immediately after Olot HaShachar. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. | * Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray Shacharit [[Shemona Esreh]] immediately after Olot HaShachar. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. | ||
* The Ish Matzliach (commentary on Mishna Brurah 89:1) writes that minhag yerushalim is to assume Mesheyakir is an hour before Netz. Yalkut Yosef (Tefillah pg 137) writes that for workers one may be lenient to consider Mesheyakir from 6 minutes after Olot. </ref> | * The Ish Matzliach (commentary on Mishna Brurah 89:1) writes that minhag yerushalim is to assume Mesheyakir is an hour before Netz. Yalkut Yosef (Tefillah pg 137) writes that for workers one may be lenient to consider Mesheyakir from 6 minutes after Olot. </ref> | ||
## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a minyan that prays early according to the following schedule: say up to Birchot Kriyat Shema without Talit and Tefillin (except for Shaliach Tzibbur who should put on Talit and Tefillin before Yishtabach), when [[MeSheYakir]] arrives put on Talit and Tefillin, then continue from there. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30)</ref> | ## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a minyan that prays early according to the following schedule: say up to Birchot Kriyat Shema without Talit and Tefillin (except for Shaliach Tzibbur who should put on Talit and Tefillin before Yishtabach), when [[MeSheYakir]] arrives put on Talit and Tefillin, then continue from there. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30)</ref> | ||
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===Latest time=== | ===Latest time=== | ||
# The latest time to say Shemona Esreh of Shacharit is the end of the fourth hour (in Shaot Zmaniot). <Ref>The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that the latest time Shacharit could be said according to Rabbi Yehuda is the fourth hour and according to the Rabbis is the sixth hour. The Gemara (27a) writes that we hold like Rabbi Yehuda because there is a Mishna in Ediyot that supports Rabbi Yehuda. This is codified by the Rif 18a, Rosh 4:1, and Rambam (Tefillah 3:1). The halacha is brought in Tur and Shulchan Aruch 89:1 </ref> | # The latest time to say [[Shemona Esreh]] of Shacharit is the end of the fourth hour (in Shaot Zmaniot). <Ref>The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that the latest time Shacharit could be said according to Rabbi Yehuda is the fourth hour and according to the Rabbis is the sixth hour. The Gemara (27a) writes that we hold like Rabbi Yehuda because there is a Mishna in Ediyot that supports Rabbi Yehuda. This is codified by the Rif 18a, Rosh 4:1, and Rambam (Tefillah 3:1). The halacha is brought in Tur and Shulchan Aruch 89:1 </ref> | ||
# If one didn’t pray until the end of the fourth hour, one should pray Shacharit before the end of the sixth hour (midday, in Shaot Zmaniot). If one intentionally didn’t pray in the first four hours one should still pray before midday but one should stipulate that if one is exempt that one is praying a voluntary prayer. <Ref> | # If one didn’t pray until the end of the fourth hour, one should pray Shacharit before the end of the sixth hour (midday, in Shaot Zmaniot). If one intentionally didn’t pray in the first four hours one should still pray before midday but one should stipulate that if one is exempt that one is praying a voluntary prayer. <Ref> | ||
* The Rif 18a originates that even though we hold like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest time for Shacharit is the fourth hour one could still pray after the fourth hour and receive the reward for praying (albeit having lost the reward for praying it the proper time). The Rosh 4:1, Rambam (Hilchot Tefillah 3:1), and Tur 89:1 hold like the Rif. | * The Rif 18a originates that even though we hold like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest time for Shacharit is the fourth hour one could still pray after the fourth hour and receive the reward for praying (albeit having lost the reward for praying it the proper time). The Rosh 4:1, Rambam (Hilchot Tefillah 3:1), and Tur 89:1 hold like the Rif. | ||
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# If one only has the ability to pray Arvit with a minyan before Tzet HaCochavim one should pray with them (and not pray later oneself) as long as one makes sure to repeat Shema later after Tzet HaCochavim. When saying Shema with the minyan one shouldn’t have in mind to fulfill one’s obligation of Shema. <Ref> | # If one only has the ability to pray Arvit with a minyan before Tzet HaCochavim one should pray with them (and not pray later oneself) as long as one makes sure to repeat Shema later after Tzet HaCochavim. When saying Shema with the minyan one shouldn’t have in mind to fulfill one’s obligation of Shema. <Ref> | ||
* The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say Kriyat Shema at night is from Tzet HaCochavim like the simple Mishna and Gemara Brachot 2a. The Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:9) concurs. | * The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say Kriyat Shema at night is from Tzet HaCochavim like the simple Mishna and Gemara Brachot 2a. The Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:9) concurs. | ||
* Rashi (Brachot 2a D”H Ad Sof) also holds that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until Tzet HaCochavim but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the Brachot explaining that the Shema is Shul is only to precede Shemona Esreh with words of Torah and the primary time one fulfills Shema is before going to sleep. | * Rashi (Brachot 2a D”H Ad Sof) also holds that one doesn’t fulfill Shema until Tzet HaCochavim but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the Brachot explaining that the Shema is Shul is only to precede [[Shemona Esreh]] with words of Torah and the primary time one fulfills Shema is before going to sleep. | ||
* Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot Brachot 2a D”H Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say Arvit from Plag Mincha so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag Mincha. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it’s because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than Tzet HaCochavim. | * Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot Brachot 2a D”H Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say Arvit from Plag Mincha so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag Mincha. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it’s because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than Tzet HaCochavim. | ||
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) rejects the Rabbenu Tam’s comparison between the time for Arvit and Shema and rather says that with difficulty one could defend the minhag like the Ri but nonetheless preferably one should say Shema only after Tzet HaCochavim. | * The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) rejects the Rabbenu Tam’s comparison between the time for Arvit and Shema and rather says that with difficulty one could defend the minhag like the Ri but nonetheless preferably one should say Shema only after Tzet HaCochavim. | ||
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) quotes the Rav Hai Goan who says that if one is in a situation where one could either pray with a minyan before Tzet HaCochavim or pray by oneself later one should pray with the minyan early but not say Shema with the Brachot until later. Rav Hai Goan also suggests that one could pray with the congregation as a voluntary prayer and then pray again oneself with Shema and Shemona Esreh. This is also quoted by the Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1b D”H VeRabbenu Hai), Rashba (Brachot 2a D”H VeNishal), and Tur 235:1. | * The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) quotes the Rav Hai Goan who says that if one is in a situation where one could either pray with a minyan before Tzet HaCochavim or pray by oneself later one should pray with the minyan early but not say Shema with the Brachot until later. Rav Hai Goan also suggests that one could pray with the congregation as a voluntary prayer and then pray again oneself with Shema and [[Shemona Esreh]]. This is also quoted by the Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1b D”H VeRabbenu Hai), Rashba (Brachot 2a D”H VeNishal), and Tur 235:1. | ||
* Rabbenu Yonah gives an alternative for someone in that situation; say Brachot of Shema, Shema with intent not to fulfill one’s obligation but rather just as words of Torah, and then Shemona Esreh with the minyan and after Tzet HaCochavim one should say repeat Shema. | * Rabbenu Yonah gives an alternative for someone in that situation; say Brachot of Shema, Shema with intent not to fulfill one’s obligation but rather just as words of Torah, and then [[Shemona Esreh]] with the minyan and after Tzet HaCochavim one should say repeat Shema. | ||
* The Bet Yosef 235:1 concludes that one should make sure to repeat Shema after Tzet HaCochavim but one may follow the above suggestions (of Rav Hai and Rabbenu Yonah). The S”A 235:1 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that if one is praying with a congregation earlier than Tzet HaCochavim one should say Shema with the Brachot and Shemona Esreh and then repeat Shema at Tzet HaCochavim. | * The Bet Yosef 235:1 concludes that one should make sure to repeat Shema after Tzet HaCochavim but one may follow the above suggestions (of Rav Hai and Rabbenu Yonah). The S”A 235:1 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that if one is praying with a congregation earlier than Tzet HaCochavim one should say Shema with the Brachot and [[Shemona Esreh]] and then repeat Shema at Tzet HaCochavim. | ||
* The Mishna Brurah 235:9 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that when saying Shema early one shouldn’t have intent to fulfill one’s obligation until Tzet HaCochavim. The Mishna Brurah 235:11 writes that it’s a dispute whether one must has to repeat the third paragraph of Shema. </ref> | * The Mishna Brurah 235:9 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that when saying Shema early one shouldn’t have intent to fulfill one’s obligation until Tzet HaCochavim. The Mishna Brurah 235:11 writes that it’s a dispute whether one must has to repeat the third paragraph of Shema. </ref> | ||
# If one made a mistake and prayed Arvit thinking that it was nighttime but really it was earlier one must pray again at the proper time. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said Arvit early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b D”H Rav) explains that since one made a mistake and didn’t intend to pray Arvit early one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation. The Magan Avraham 263:26 and Mishna Brurah 263:55 agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. </ref> | # If one made a mistake and prayed Arvit thinking that it was nighttime but really it was earlier one must pray again at the proper time. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said Arvit early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b D”H Rav) explains that since one made a mistake and didn’t intend to pray Arvit early one doesn’t fulfill one’s obligation. The Magan Avraham 263:26 and Mishna Brurah 263:55 agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. </ref> | ||
