When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
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, 21 August 2022→Maariv Before Sunset If One Davened Mincha Early
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====After Sunset==== | ====After Sunset==== | ||
#Even though certainly one should pray mincha before sunset, if the only options are to either pray mincha before sunset himself or with a minyan after sunset, Ashkenazim hold that one should pray oneself on time before sunset,<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that it is better to pray Mincha before shkiyah without a minyan than to pray with a minyan after shkiyah. In an extenuating circumstance he allows davening mincha until 3.25 mil after shekiya based on the Shulchan Aruch. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/02-24-04/#_te01ftn24_3 Peninei Halacha (Tefillah 24:4)] holds that one can follow the Mishna Brurah who is based on Rabbenu Tam and even though we do not follow Rabbenu Tam since many agree with him. However, | #Even though certainly one should pray mincha before sunset, if the only options are to either pray mincha before sunset himself or with a minyan after sunset, Ashkenazim hold that one should pray oneself on time before sunset,<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that it is better to pray Mincha before shkiyah without a minyan than to pray with a minyan after shkiyah. In an extenuating circumstance he allows davening mincha until 3.25 mil after shekiya based on the Shulchan Aruch. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/02-24-04/#_te01ftn24_3 Peninei Halacha (Tefillah 24:4)] holds that one can follow the Mishna Brurah who is based on Rabbenu Tam and even though we do not follow Rabbenu Tam since many agree with him. However, Kuntres Seyda Lderech p. 39 quotes Chazon Ish that one should not daven mincha after sunset even in extenuating circumstances or after the fact. Dirshu 233:22 cites this as well from Ishrei Yosher Nezikin n. 94 Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Also, Avnei Darech 8:200 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that one may not daven mincha after sunset. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=he&pageid=48&cat=1&newsletter=3705&article=7631 Bmarah Habazek 3:14] writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/58222 Rav Belsky] held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe 4:62.</ref> while Sephardim hold that one can wait to pray with the minyan as long as it is within 13.5 minutes after sunset.<ref>However, Chacham Ben Zion Abba Shaul (cited in Ishei Yisroel page 296) and Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 5:22) say that it is preferable to pray with a minyan even if the minyan as long as they are praying within the first thirteen and a half minutes after sunset. Rabbi Meir Mazuz in Bayit Neeman 1:25 p. 146 s.v. miyhu agrees even though we don't accept Rabbeinu Tam since this case is an minhag to pray during Ben Hashemashot.</ref> | ||
# | #Sephardic poskim hold that one can start Mincha before sunset even if one knows that one will not finish until after sunset.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 7:34 quoting the Geonim (Teshuva Mosafiya n. 51)</ref> Many Ashkenazic poskim disagree.<ref>Kuntres Seyda Lderech p. 39 quotes Chazon Ish that one should not start mincha before sunset if one knows that one will not finish until after sunset. He cites that this is like Mishna Brurah 89:1 that one can't start tefilla before the zman and finish after the zman. He cites that Rav Chaim Kanievsky, Rav Aryeh Leib Shteinmann, and Rav Nosson Geshtetner agreed. </ref> | ||
====Finishing After Sunset==== | ====Finishing After Sunset==== | ||
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#The common minhag all over the world is to pray mincha until sunset. Accordingly, one may only begin to pray maariv after sunset. In extenuating circumstances, one can pray maariv before sunset if that day he prayed mincha before plag hamincha. The reason that works is because even though usually he follows the Rabbanan today he followed Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref> | #The common minhag all over the world is to pray mincha until sunset. Accordingly, one may only begin to pray maariv after sunset. In extenuating circumstances, one can pray maariv before sunset if that day he prayed mincha before plag hamincha. The reason that works is because even though usually he follows the Rabbanan today he followed Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref> | ||
#If the only minyan for maariv available is davening before sunset after plag hamincha one should daven with them<ref>The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. However, in Shaar Hatziyun 235:16 he quotes the Derech Hachayim that if one prayed mincha before plag and the only option is to daven after plag maariv with a minyan or after tzeit without a minyan, it is better to daven with a minyan after plag. If he didn't daven minyan until after mincha, it is better to daven oneself maariv than to daven in a minyan before sunset and contradict oneself within one day.</ref> and repeat Shema after Tzet Hakochavim. Some would say to skip birchot kriyat shema and repeat them after tzet hakochavim with shema.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though one won't fulfill one's obligation of Shema and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say Shema with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip Brachot Kriyat Shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards. He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref> | #If the only minyan for maariv available is davening before sunset after plag hamincha one should daven with them<ref>The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. However, in Shaar Hatziyun 235:16 he quotes the Derech Hachayim that if one prayed mincha before plag and the only option is to daven after plag maariv with a minyan or after tzeit without a minyan, it is better to daven with a minyan after plag. If he didn't daven minyan until after mincha, it is better to daven oneself maariv than to daven in a minyan before sunset and contradict oneself within one day.</ref> and repeat Shema after Tzet Hakochavim. Some would say to skip birchot kriyat shema and repeat them after tzet hakochavim with shema.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though one won't fulfill one's obligation of Shema and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say Shema with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip Brachot Kriyat Shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards. He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref> | ||
# | # Many say that Sephardim should follow a Plag that is calculated by 1.25 hours before Tzet Hakochavim of the Geonim, 13.5 minutes after Shekiya, and not the Plag of the Gra, 1.25 hours before sunset.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat v. 1 p. 168 263 fnt. 62; 235:1; 267:12) and Ben Ish Chai Vayahakel n. 8. In all of those places the calculation of Plag is made from Tzet according to the Geonim. Thereby, the Sephardi Plag Mincha is generally between 10 and 20 minutes after the Gra plag. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat 1-3, 5771 edition, pp. 143-146) writes that a person can pray arvit as early as plag mincha. However, he defines plag hamincha as 1.25 hours before tzet hakochavim of the geonim. The hours are calculated from olot to tzet of the geonim. He addresses that for kriyat shema in extenuating circumstances it is acceptable to rely upon the Gra zmanim, but not for the brachot of avrit because of safek brachot lhakel. Also, one can't light Shabbat candles before 1.25 hours before tzet of geonim. He rebuts an attack that we must follow the Gra zmanim since we light candles before plag of Rabbenu Tam. He answers that we follow the plag of the Ben Ish Chaim which is 1.25 hours before tzet of the geonim but not the Gra's plag. on p. 144 he writes that it is a bracha levatala to pray avrit after plag of the Gra. | ||
*See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=81670 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Pesach 5779 min 37)] who said that the schedules which print plag mincha 1.25 hours before shekiya (Gra) are causing Sephardim to say brachot levatalot when they daven arvit right after plag. Rather they need to daven after plag which is 1.25 hours before tzet. Tzet is only 20 minutes (13.5 zmaniyot minutes) so our plag is less than 20 minutes after their plag but starting arvit before then is a bracha levatala for Sephardim. They should print the plag according to Sephardim. | *See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=81670 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Pesach 5779 min 37)] who said that the schedules which print plag mincha 1.25 hours before shekiya (Gra) are causing Sephardim to say brachot levatalot when they daven arvit right after plag. Rather they need to daven after plag which is 1.25 hours before tzet. Tzet is only 20 minutes (13.5 zmaniyot minutes) so our plag is less than 20 minutes after their plag but starting arvit before then is a bracha levatala for Sephardim. They should print the plag according to Sephardim. | ||
*See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=55391 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Bo 5778 min 25)] who said that it is a bracha levatala to daven Arvit after Plag of the Gra according to Rabbenu Tam and we are strict for Rabbenu Tam.</ref> Thereby, the Sephardi Plag Mincha is generally between 10 and 20 minutes after the Gra plag. See the [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.calj.android CalJ App] for calculation of this zman. | *See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=55391 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Bo 5778 min 25)] who said that it is a bracha levatala to daven Arvit after Plag of the Gra according to Rabbenu Tam and we are strict for Rabbenu Tam. | ||
* [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=60107 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Emor 5778 min 28)] said that since the minhag is that we follow the geonim for zmanim, the minhag is to pray mincha before Plag of the geonim and arvit after Plag of the geonim, even though according to Rabbenu Tam it is a bracha levatala since it is day.</ref> Thereby, the Sephardi Plag Mincha is generally between 10 and 20 minutes after the Gra plag. See the [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.calj.android CalJ App] for calculation of this zman. However, others say that even Sephardim can calculate plag hamincha according to the Gra.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 233:7, Halacha Brurah v. 14 teshuva 7. Halacha Brurah writes that there's no safek brachot to light candles after plag of the gra or daven arvit after that plag since that is the minhag and there's no safek brachot where there is a minhag. He rejects the position of Ben Ish Chai that we calculate from Olot to Tzet of Geonim because that is definitely not the view of the Geonim. Rather the Geonim would calculate their zmanim in accordance with Gra.</ref> | |||
===Early Maariv on Friday Night=== | ===Early Maariv on Friday Night=== | ||
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#An individual may not pray before mincha after plag mincha and maariv before sunset in one day under any circumstance.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 233:1, Mishna Brurah 233:11</ref> | #An individual may not pray before mincha after plag mincha and maariv before sunset in one day under any circumstance.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 233:1, Mishna Brurah 233:11</ref> | ||
#A [[minyan]] may be lenient to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between plag hamincha and sunset, even though it is a self-contradictory practice following both Rabbanan and Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minyan where there is an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for [[maariv]] (and people cannot wait in shul), it is permissible for a [[minyan]] to say [[maariv]] right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime). Shulchan Aruch 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref> If the only minyan available is such a minyan an individual shouldn't join such a minyan for both mincha and maariv, but only for one of them. If they need you to complete the minyan you can join them. | #A [[minyan]] may be lenient to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between plag hamincha and sunset, even though it is a self-contradictory practice following both Rabbanan and Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minyan where there is an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for [[maariv]] (and people cannot wait in shul), it is permissible for a [[minyan]] to say [[maariv]] right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime). Shulchan Aruch 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref> If the only minyan available is such a minyan an individual shouldn't join such a minyan for both mincha and maariv, but only for one of them.<ref>Mishna Brurah 235:14</ref> If they need you to complete the minyan you can join them. | ||
===Maariv After Sunset Before Tzet=== | ===Maariv After Sunset Before Tzet=== | ||
