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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions

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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)

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# If a person can either daven at Netz without a minyan or later with a minyan, according to Ashkenazim one may daven at Netz if one regularly davens at Netz.<ref>Biur Halacha 58 s.v. umitzvah</ref> According to Sephardim one should daven with a minyan later unless one will pray with kavana.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 89:19</ref>
# If a person can either daven at Netz without a minyan or later with a minyan, according to Ashkenazim one may daven at Netz if one regularly davens at Netz.<ref>Biur Halacha 58 s.v. umitzvah</ref> According to Sephardim one should daven with a minyan later unless one will pray with kavana.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 89:19</ref>
===After Olot Hashachar===
===After Olot Hashachar===
# Ideally one should pray after Netz. If one did pray after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in Shulchan Aruch 89:1. </ref>
===Netz===
# Ideally one should pray after Netz. If one did pray anytime after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation.<ref> The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (s.v. Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in Shulchan Aruch 89:1. </ref>
===Pre-Netz===
# If one needs to travel or in a cases of extreme difficulty one may pray [[Shacharit]] after [[Olot HaShachar]] before [[HaNetz]], but nonetheless one may not make the bracha on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] or say [[Kriyat Shema]] until [[MeSheYakir]]. <Ref>
# If one needs to travel or in a cases of extreme difficulty one may pray [[Shacharit]] after [[Olot HaShachar]] before [[HaNetz]], but nonetheless one may not make the bracha on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] or say [[Kriyat Shema]] until [[MeSheYakir]]. <Ref>
* The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in Shulchan Aruch 89:1.  
* The Rosh (Brachot 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in Shulchan Aruch 89:1.  
* There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray [[Shacharit]] before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi (Brachot 30a s.v. VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah).
* There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray [[Shacharit]] before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi (Brachot 30a s.v. VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah).
* Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray [[Shacharit]] [[Shmoneh Esrei]] immediately after [[Olot HaShachar]] and then say Shema while traveling if one is able to have kavana (proper intent) while traveling. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. </ref>
* Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray [[Shacharit]] [[Shmoneh Esrei]] immediately after [[Olot HaShachar]] and then say Shema while traveling if one is able to have kavana (proper intent) while traveling. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. </ref>
## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a [[minyan]] that prays early according to the following schedule: say up to Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]] without [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] (except for Shaliach Tzibbur who should put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] before Yishtabach), when [[MeSheYakir]] arrives put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]], then continue from there. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30). Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:6 writes that a person who needs to make it to work is considered to be in an extenuating circumstance in which Shulchan Aruch 89:8 writes that one may pray [[Shacharit]] after Olot Hashachar See also Iggrot Moshe OC 1:10 and Yechave Daat 2:8.</ref>
## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a [[minyan]] that starts praying after Mesheyakir before Netz.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 58:3</ref>
## If the choice is to pray with an early [[minyan]] that follow this system or praying later privately at one’s office, one should rather pray earlier with a [[minyan]]. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30), Peri Yitzchak 1:2, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 5:10, Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:10. Chazon Ish (Ishei Yisrael 13:note 21) rule likewise. </ref> Some disagree and say that you should pray on your own. <ref>  
## If that isn't possible then the minyan should use the following schedule: say up to Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]] without [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] (except for Shaliach Tzibbur who should put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] before Yishtabach), when [[MeSheYakir]] arrives put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]], then continue from there. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30). Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:6 writes that a person who needs to make it to work is considered to be in an extenuating circumstance in which Shulchan Aruch 89:8 writes that one may pray [[Shacharit]] after Olot Hashachar See also Iggrot Moshe OC 1:10 and Yechave Daat 2:8.</ref>
Sh”t Sheilot Shmuel OC 12, Iggerot Moshe, OC 4:6, Rav Elyashiv (quoted in Avnei Yashfei [[Tefillah]] page 167), Yalkut Yosef [[Tefilla]] pages 137-139. </ref>  
## If the choice is to pray with an early [[minyan]] that davens before Netz after Msheyakir or to pray later by oneself, such as in one's office, one should rather pray earlier with a [[minyan]].<Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30), Igrot Moshe 4:6 s.v. im ken, Peri Yitzchak 1:2, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 5:10, Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:10. Chazon Ish (Ishei Yisrael 13:note 21) rule likewise. </ref> Some disagree and say that you should pray on your own rather than daven before netz. <ref> Sh”t Sheilot Shmuel OC 12, Rav Elyashiv (quoted in Avnei Yashfei [[Tefillah]] page 167), Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefilla]] pages 137-139, 89:14). </ref>  
## However, if one feels that it is just too dark and one cannot understand what the people are relying on to put on [[Tefillin]] so early one should say up to  Baruch SheAmar before traveling and then pray at one’s office. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30)</ref>
## However, if one feels that it is just too dark and one cannot understand what the people are relying on to put on [[Tefillin]] so early one should say up to  Baruch SheAmar before traveling and then pray at one’s office. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30)</ref>
# If a person who is not in a rush to pray before sunrise is needed for a [[minyan]] that is praying before sunrise there is a dispute whether he is allowed to join or not. <ref> Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv quoted in Tefilla Kehilchita page 78 and in Avnei Yashfe (Tefilla page 169 89:14) says that although he can answer for their [[minyan]] he cannot pray with them. This is true even if he is the sixth one who would be praying (a [[minyan]] requires ten but a minimum of six praying at the time) and his refusal to pray would prevent there being a [[minyan]]. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo 1:5-13 though ruled that if the refusal to join will prevent the [[minyan]] he may pray with them as long as it is not on a consistent basis. </ref>
===Pre-Msheyakir===
# If a person has a choice to daven with a pre-Mesheyakir minyan or afterwards by oneself one should pray oneself he should daven by oneself.<ref>Avnei Yishfe p. 167 quotes Rav Elyashiv that it is better to daven oneself later rather than davening before Mesheyakir. He also cites Pri Yitzchak s.v. nachzor 1:2 who agrees.</ref> Some disagree.<ref>Avnei Yishfe p. 168 quotes Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul who says that if that's the only minyan available one should daven with a pre-mesheyakir minyan relying on the Pri Chadash rather than daven by oneself.</ref>
===After the Fact===
# If one prayed before [[Olot HaShachar]], one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. Nonetheless, one should pray again on condition that if one is exempt then one is praying voluntarily. <Ref>
# If one prayed before [[Olot HaShachar]], one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. Nonetheless, one should pray again on condition that if one is exempt then one is praying voluntarily. <Ref>
* What is the earliest time for [[Shacharit]]? The Rosh 4:1 writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in Shulchan Aruch 89:1.  
* What is the earliest time for [[Shacharit]]? The Rosh 4:1 writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in Shulchan Aruch 89:1.  
* There is a minority of rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray [[Shacharit]] before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi ([[Brachot]] 30a s.v. VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah).  
* There is a minority of rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray [[Shacharit]] before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi ([[Brachot]] 30a s.v. VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah).  
* [Interestingly, the דרישה argues that the Rabbenu Yerucham holds that there are three levels, ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]], it is permissible to pray after [[MeSheYakir]] and it is only effective, after the fact, after [[Olot HaShachar]].]  
* [Interestingly, the Derisha argues that the Rabbenu Yerucham holds that there are three levels, ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]], it is permissible to pray after [[MeSheYakir]] and it is only effective, after the fact, after [[Olot HaShachar]].]  
* Mishna Brurah 89:2 writes that based on Shulchan Aruch, if one prayed before [[Olot HaShachar]] one has not fulfilled one’s obligation.  
* Mishna Brurah 89:2 writes that based on Shulchan Aruch, if one prayed before [[Olot HaShachar]] one has not fulfilled one’s obligation.  
* Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] pg 136, see also Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:8) writes that even if one prayed altogether before [[Olot HaShachar]] one should still pray again at the proper time with a stipulation that if one is not obligated that it should be a voluntary [[prayer]]. So writes Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 5:3. </ref>
* Yalkut Yosef ([[Tefillah]] pg 136, see also Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:8) writes that even if one prayed altogether before [[Olot HaShachar]] one should still pray again at the proper time with a stipulation that if one is not obligated that it should be a voluntary [[prayer]]. So writes Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 5:3. </ref>
# If a person who is not in a rush to pray before sunrise is needed for a [[minyan]] that is praying before sunrise there is a dispute whether he is allowed to join or not. <ref> Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv quoted in Tefilla Kehilchita page 78 and in Avnei Yashfe Tefilla page 169 says that although he can answer for their [[minyan]] he cannot pray with them. This is true even if he is the sixth one who would be praying (a [[minyan]] requires ten but a minimum of six praying at the time) and his refusal to pray would prevent there being a [[minyan]]. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach in Halichot Shlomo 1:5-13 though ruled that if the refusal to join will prevent the [[minyan]] he may pray with them as long as it is not on a consistent basis. </ref>


===Latest Time===
===Latest Time===
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