16,374
edits
When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
Revision as of 14:35, 1 May 2018
, 1 May 2018→Times for Arvit
| Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
==Times for Arvit== | ==Times for Arvit== | ||
===Earliest Time=== | ===Earliest Time for Maariv (Plag)=== | ||
# | # If one prayed [[Arvit]] prior to ten and three quarter hours one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by Shulchan Aruch 233:1 </ref> | ||
# | # If one made a mistake and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime but really it was earlier one must pray again at the proper time. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b s.v. Rav explains that since one made a mistake and did not intend to pray [[Arvit]] early one does not fulfill one’s obligation. The Magen Avraham 263:26 and Mishna Brurah 263:55 agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. </ref> | ||
# | ===Maariv Before Sunset If One Davened Mincha Early=== | ||
# If there is a minyan that is praying Arvit after immediately after Shekiya before Tzet Hakochavim and there's no | # <div id="Timeforarvit"></div> According to Rabbi Yehuda, the latest time for mincha is ten and three quarter hours and from then on begins the time for maariv. According to Rabbanan, the cutoff point is sunset.<Ref> The Mishna ([[Brachot]] 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan [[Mincha]] may be said until nighttime. Tosfot Brachot 27a s.v. Ta Shma writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say [[Mariv]] is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime. [This is also evident in the Gemara there (27a-b) and the upcoming Rishonim. The Maharsha (27a s.v. Tah Shma) asks why Tosfot needed to prove something which was so obvious from the Gemara.] </ref> The halacha allows one to follow either opinion, however, one must be consistent and always follow Rabbi Yehuda or always follow Rabbanan. <Ref>The Gemara (27a) writes that since there is no explicit ruling as to whom the halacha follows, one who follows Rabbi Yehuda has done properly and one who follows Rabbanan is correct too. The Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. DeAved) writes that whichever opinion one follows one must be consistent and always follow the same opinion. This is also opinion of the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:3) quoting a Gaon. Additionally, the Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:4) says that this is implicit in the Rambam and furthermore that it is the simple explanation of the words of the Gemara. Tur and Shulchan Aruch 233:1 codify the opinion of Rabbenu Yonah. </ref> | ||
# Therefore, the regular minhag of the world is to pray mincha until sunset. Accordingly, one may only begin to pray maariv after sunset. In extenuating circumstances, one can pray maariv before sunset if that day he prayed mincha before plag hamincha. The reason that works is because even though usually he follows the Rabbanan today he followed Rabbi Yehuda. <Ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref> | |||
# If the only minyan for maariv available is davening before sunset after plag hamincha one should daven with them and repeat Shema after Tzet Hakochavim. Some would say to skip birchot kriyat shema and repeat them after tzet hakochavim with shema.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though one won't fulfill one's obligation of Shema and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say Shema with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip Brachot Kriyat Shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards. He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref> | |||
# Even Sephardim allow praying Arvit early after Plag Hamincha of the Gra.<ref>[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=60107 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Emor 5778 min 28)] said that a since the minhag is that we follow the Gra for zmanim, the minhag is to pray mincha before Plag of the Gra and arvit after Plag of the Gra, even though according to Rabbenu Tam it is a bracha levatala since it is day. (See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=55391 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Bo 5778 min 25)] who said that it is a bracha levatala to daven Arvit after Plag of the Gra according to Rabbenu Tam and we are strict for Rabbenu Tam.) </ref> | |||
===Early Maariv on Friday Night=== | |||
# Regarding praying [[Arvit]] early on Friday night see [[Making early Shabbat]]. | |||
===Maariv Before Sunset If One Davened Mincha after Plag=== | |||
# An individual may not pray before mincha after plag mincha and maariv before sunset in one day under any circumstance.<ref> Shulchan Aruch 233:1, Mishna Brurah 233:11</ref> | |||
# A [[minyan]] may be lenient to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between plag hamincha and sunset, even though it is a self-contradictory practice following both Rabbanan and Rabbi Yehuda.<Ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minyan where there is an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for [[maariv]] (and people cannot wait in shul), it is permissible for a [[minyan]] to say [[maariv]] right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime). Shulchan Aruch 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref> If the only minyan available is such a minyan an individual shouldn't join such a minyan for both mincha and maariv, but only for one of them. If they need you to complete the minyan you can join them. | |||
===Maariv After Sunset Before Tzet=== | |||
# If one is davening in a minyan immediately after sunset one should pray with them completely. One should repeat Shema after Tzet. Some have the practice to just pray with them Shema and Shemona Esrei and skip birchot kriyat shema and repeat brichot kriyat shema and shema after tzet hakochavim.<Ref> | |||
* The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say [[Kriyat Shema]] at night is from [[Tzet HaKochavim]] like the simple Mishna and Gemara Brachot 2a. The Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:9) concurs. | |||
* Rashi (Brachot 2a s.v. Ad Sof) also holds that one does not fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the [[Brachot]] explaining that the Shema in Shul is only to precede [[Shmoneh Esrei]] with words of Torah, whereas the primary time one fulfills one's obligation of saying Shema is before going to sleep. | |||
* Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot [[Brachot]] 2a s.v. Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say [[Arvit]] from Plag [[Mincha]], so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag [[Mincha]]. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it is because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. | |||
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) rejects the Rabbenu Tam’s comparison between the time for [[Arvit]] and Shema and rather says that with difficulty one could defend the minhag like the Ri but nonetheless preferably one should say Shema only after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. | |||
* The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) quotes the Rav Hai Goan who says that if one is in a situation where one could either pray with a [[minyan]] before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] or pray by oneself later one should pray with the [[minyan]] early but not say Shema with the [[Brachot]] until later. Rav Hai Goan also suggests that one could pray with the congregation as a voluntary [[prayer]] and then pray again oneself with Shema and [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. This is also quoted by the Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1b s.v. VeRabbenu Hai), Rashba (Brachot 2a s.v. VeNishal), and Tur 235:1. | |||
* Rabbenu Yonah gives an alternative for someone in that situation; say [[Brachot]] of Shema, Shema with intent not to fulfill one’s obligation but rather just as words of Torah, and then [[Shmoneh Esrei]] with the [[minyan]] and after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should repeat Shema with the intent of fulfilling one's obligation. | |||
* The Bet Yosef 235:1 concludes that one should make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but one may follow the above suggestions (of Rav Hai and Rabbenu Yonah). The Shulchan Aruch 235:1 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that if one is praying with a congregation earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should say Shema with the [[Brachot]] and [[Shmoneh Esrei]] and then repeat Shema at [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. | |||
* The Mishna Brurah 235:9 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that when saying Shema early one should not have intent to be fulfilling one’s obligation until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. The Mishna Brurah 235:11 writes that it is a dispute whether one must repeat the third paragraph of Shema. </ref> | |||
# If the only option is to daven at a minyan that is praying Arvit after immediately after Shekiya before Tzet Hakochavim and there's no later minyan one should pray with the minyan rather than daven later without a minyan.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 writes that in such a case one should certainly daven with a minyan and either the opinion of Rabbenu Yonah to daven Brachot Kriyat Shema with the congregation or Rav Hai Goan to skip them are acceptable.</ref> | |||
===Ideal Time for Arvit (Tzet)=== | |||
# One should make sure to say [[Kriyat Shema]] after [[Tzet HaKochavim]].<ref>Mishna Brachot 2a, Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 70:1</ref> | |||
# Ideally, one should pray [[Arvit]] after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] and not immediately after sunset.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 70:2</ref> However, the minhag of many places is to daven Arvit immediately after sunset.<ref>Mishna Brurah 235:12 writes that fortunate is the person who can daven with a congregation after Tzet Hakochavim which is the correct time.</ref> | |||
===Latest Time=== | ===Latest Time=== | ||
# After the fact, one may pray [[Arvit]] until [[Olot HaShachar]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 70:2</ref> | # After the fact, one may pray [[Arvit]] all night until [[Olot HaShachar]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 70:2</ref> | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<References/> | <References/> | ||
[[Category:Prayer]] | [[Category:Prayer]] | ||
