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| # If one prayed prior to six and a half hours, according to many one has not fulfilled one’s obligation, however, some say that one has fulfilled one's obligation after the fact. <ref> Mishna Brurah 233:2 writes that this is implied from Shulchan Aruch 233:1 (and is agreed upon by many achronim), however there are some achronim who say that after the fact one has fulfilled one’s obligation. Kaf HaChaim 233:2 quotes the dispute of the achronim but concludes that because [[Tefillah]] is derabbanan one does not have to pray again. </ref> | | # If one prayed prior to six and a half hours, according to many one has not fulfilled one’s obligation, however, some say that one has fulfilled one's obligation after the fact. <ref> Mishna Brurah 233:2 writes that this is implied from Shulchan Aruch 233:1 (and is agreed upon by many achronim), however there are some achronim who say that after the fact one has fulfilled one’s obligation. Kaf HaChaim 233:2 quotes the dispute of the achronim but concludes that because [[Tefillah]] is derabbanan one does not have to pray again. </ref> |
| ===Latest Time for Mincha=== | | ===Latest Time for Mincha=== |
| # It is preferable to pray [[Mincha]] before ten and three quarter hours. <Ref>Kaf HaChaim 233:3. BeYitzchak Yikra on Mishna Brurah 233:1 writes that according to the Rambam one should not pray [[Mincha]] after ten and three quarter hours except in extenuating circumstances. Furthermore, he writes that it is preferable to pray before ten and three quarter hours rather than pray with a [[minyan]], however, the minhag is not like this. </ref> One should pray Mincha before Sunset.<ref> Mishna Brura 233:14 </ref>. The poskim debate if it is better pray before shkiya without a minyan, or immediately after shkiya with a minyan.<ref> MB 233:14 writes that it is better to pray Mincha before shkiyah without a minyan than to pray with a minyan after shkiyah. However,Chacham Ben Zion Abba Shaul (cited in Ishei Yisroel page 296) and Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 5:22) say that it is preferable to pray with a minyan even if the minyan as long as they are praying within the first thirteen minutes after sunset.</ref> | | ====Ideal Time for Mincha==== |
| # <div id="Timeforarvit"></div> According to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours and the earliest time to pray [[Arvit]]/Mariv is ten and three quarter hours. According to Rabbanan [[Mincha]] may be said until nighttime and the earliest time to pray [[Arvit]]/Mariv is nighttime. <Ref> The Mishna ([[Brachot]] 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan [[Mincha]] may be said until nighttime. Tosfot 27a (D”H Tah Shma) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say [[Mariv]] is ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime. [This is also evident in the Gemara there (27a-b) and the upcoming Rishonim. The Maharsha (27a s.v. Tah Shma) asks why Tosfot needed to prove something which was so obvious from the Gemara.] </ref> The halacha allows one to follow either opinion, however, one must be consistent and always follow Rabbi Yehuda or always follow Rabbanan. <Ref>The Gemara (27a) writes that since there is no explicit ruling as to whom the halacha follows, one who follows Rabbi Yehuda has done properly and one who follows Rabbanan is correct too. The Rabbenu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. DeAved) writes that whichever opinion one follows one must be consistent and always follow the same opinion. This is also quoted by the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:3) in the name of a Gaon. Additionally, the Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:4) says that this is implicit in the Rambam and furthermore that it is the simple explanation of the words of the Gemara. This is also the ruling of Tur and Shulchan Aruch 233:1. </ref>
| | # According to Ashkenazim it is better to daven mincha after Mincha Gedola (6.5 hours into the day). According to Sephardim, it is preferable to pray mincha after Plag Mincha (10.45 hours into the day.<ref> Rambam (Tefillah 3:2) writes that since they instituted Tefillah corresponding to korbanot the primary time for mincha is mincha ketana, 9.5 hours in the day. Shulchan Aruch OC 233:1 follows the Rambam. Kaf Hachaim 233:3 adds that really the best time is after mincha ketana at plag mincha, 10.45 hours into the day. Rav Nevinsal (BeYitzchak Yikra on Mishna Brurah 233:1) argues that according to the Rambam one should pray after 9.5 hours before 10.45 hours and only pray after 10.45 hours in extenuating circumstances. He even writes that it is preferable to pray before ten and three quarter hours rather than pray with a [[minyan]], however, the minhag is not like this.</ref> |
| # If one always follows Rabbanan (praying [[Mincha]] until night and [[Arvit]] afterwards), and one night one prayed [[Arvit]] before night, one fulfills one’s obligation after the fact. <Ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch 233:1. </ref>
| | # One should pray Mincha before sunset.<ref> Mishna Brura 233:14 </ref> |
| # If one always follows Rabbanan (praying [[Mincha]] until night and [[Arvit]] afterwards), in extenuating circumstances one can pray [[Mincha]] before ten and three quarter hours and [[Arvit]] after that time. However, even in extenuating circumstances an individual is not permitted to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between ten and three quarter hours and nighttime. <Ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one's obligation. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours. </ref>
| | ====After Sunset==== |
| # A [[minyan]] may be lenient to take both the leniency of Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbanan to pray both [[Mincha]] and [[Arvit]] between ten and three quarter hours and nighttime, however, an individual may not do so. Nonetheless, it is preferable for even the [[minyan]] to be consistent and pray [[Mincha]] before nighttime and [[Arvit]] after nighttime (according to the (general) minhag to follow Rabbanan). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minayn where there is an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for [[maariv]] (and people cannot wait in shul), it is permissible for a [[minyan]] to say [[maariv]] right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime). Shulchan Aruch 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref>
| | # Even though ideally one should pray mincha before sunset, if the only options are to either pray mincha before sunset himself or with a minyan after sunset, Ashkenazim hold that one should pray oneself on time, while Sephardim hold that one can wait to pray with the minyan as long as it is within 13.5 minutes after sunset.<ref> Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that it is better to pray Mincha before shkiyah without a minyan than to pray with a minyan after shkiyah. However, Chacham Ben Zion Abba Shaul (cited in Ishei Yisroel page 296) and Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 5:22) say that it is preferable to pray with a minyan even if the minyan as long as they are praying within the first thirteen and a half minutes after sunset.</ref> |
| # If one prayed [[Arvit]] prior to ten and three quarter hours one has not fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by Shulchan Aruch 233:1 </ref>
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| # If one only has the ability to pray [[Arvit]] with a [[minyan]] before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should pray with them (and not pray later oneself) as long as one makes sure to repeat Shema later after [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. When saying Shema with the [[minyan]] one should not have in mind to be fulfilling one’s obligation of Shema. <Ref>
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| * The Rif (Brachot 1b) rules that the time to say [[Kriyat Shema]] at night is from [[Tzet HaKochavim]] like the simple Mishna and Gemara Brachot 2a. The Rambam (Kriyat Shema 1:9) concurs.
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| * Rashi (Brachot 2a s.v. Ad Sof) also holds that one does not fulfill Shema until [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but defends the practice to say Shema in Shul with the [[Brachot]] explaining that the Shema in Shul is only to precede [[Shmoneh Esrei]] with words of Torah, whereas the primary time one fulfills one's obligation of saying Shema is before going to sleep.
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| * Rabbenu Tam (quoted by Tosfot [[Brachot]] 2a s.v. Meeymatai) argues that really we hold like Rabbenu Yehuda in the Mishna (Brachot 26a) who says that one may say [[Arvit]] from Plag [[Mincha]], so too we hold that one may say Shema from Plag [[Mincha]]. The Ri (also quoted in the above Tosfot) agrees that the primary Shema is the one said in Shul, however, he explains that it is because we hold like the other opinions quoted in the Gemara 2a-b who say that the time for Shema is earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]].
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| * The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) rejects the Rabbenu Tam’s comparison between the time for [[Arvit]] and Shema and rather says that with difficulty one could defend the minhag like the Ri but nonetheless preferably one should say Shema only after [[Tzet HaKochavim]].
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| * The Rosh (Brachot 1:1) quotes the Rav Hai Goan who says that if one is in a situation where one could either pray with a [[minyan]] before [[Tzet HaKochavim]] or pray by oneself later one should pray with the [[minyan]] early but not say Shema with the [[Brachot]] until later. Rav Hai Goan also suggests that one could pray with the congregation as a voluntary [[prayer]] and then pray again oneself with Shema and [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. This is also quoted by the Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1b s.v. VeRabbenu Hai), Rashba (Brachot 2a s.v. VeNishal), and Tur 235:1.
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| * Rabbenu Yonah gives an alternative for someone in that situation; say [[Brachot]] of Shema, Shema with intent not to fulfill one’s obligation but rather just as words of Torah, and then [[Shmoneh Esrei]] with the [[minyan]] and after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should repeat Shema with the intent of fulfilling one's obligation.
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| * The Bet Yosef 235:1 concludes that one should make sure to repeat Shema after [[Tzet HaKochavim]] but one may follow the above suggestions (of Rav Hai and Rabbenu Yonah). The Shulchan Aruch 235:1 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that if one is praying with a congregation earlier than [[Tzet HaKochavim]] one should say Shema with the [[Brachot]] and [[Shmoneh Esrei]] and then repeat Shema at [[Tzet HaKochavim]].
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| * The Mishna Brurah 235:9 writes like the Rabbenu Yonah that when saying Shema early one should not have intent to be fulfilling one’s obligation until [[Tzet HaKochavim]]. The Mishna Brurah 235:11 writes that it is a dispute whether one must repeat the third paragraph of Shema. </ref>
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| # If one made a mistake and prayed [[Arvit]] thinking that it was nighttime but really it was earlier one must pray again at the proper time. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b s.v. Rav explains that since one made a mistake and did not intend to pray [[Arvit]] early one does not fulfill one’s obligation. The Magen Avraham 263:26 and Mishna Brurah 263:55 agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. </ref>
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| # The minhag to allow praying Arvit early after Plag Hamincha of the Gra.<ref>[https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=60107 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Emor 5778 min 28)] said that a since the minhag is that we follow the Gra for zmanim, the minhag is to pray mincha before Plag of the Gra and arvit after Plag of the Gra, even though according to Rabbenu Tam it is a bracha levatala since it is day. (See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=55391 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Bo 5778 min 25)] who said that it is a bracha levatala to daven Arvit after Plag of the Gra according to Rabbenu Tam and we are strict for Rabbenu Tam.) </ref>
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| # Regarding praying [[Arvit]] early on Friday night see [[Making early Shabbat]].
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| ===Tachanun=== | | ===Tachanun=== |
