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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions

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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)

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# The earliest time to say Birchot HaShachar is from [[Chatzot]] (midnight). <ref> Magen Avraham 47:13, Kaf HaChaim 46:49, Or Letzion (vol 2, 4:9) </ref>
# The earliest time to say Birchot HaShachar is from [[Chatzot]] (midnight). <ref> Magen Avraham 47:13, Kaf HaChaim 46:49, Or Letzion (vol 2, 4:9) </ref>
# The earliest time to say Baruch SheAmar is [[Olot HaShachar]] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 1:16 </ref>
# The earliest time to say Baruch SheAmar is [[Olot HaShachar]] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref> Halacha Brurah 1:16 </ref>
# The earliest time that one can put on [[Talit]] is [[MeSheYakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref>S”A 18:3 rules that the time to make the Bracha on [[tallit]] is from [[MeSheYakir]]. There is a dispute among the achronim when is [[MeSheYakir]]. Because of [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]], Halacha Brurah 18:6 one can’t make the Bracha earlier than a fifth of an hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) after [[Olot HaShachar]]. </ref>
# The earliest time that one can put on [[Tallit]] is [[MeSheYakir]], which is one hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref>S”A 18:3 rules that the time to make the Bracha on [[tallit]] is from [[MeSheYakir]]. There is a dispute among the achronim when is [[MeSheYakir]]. Because of [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]], Halacha Brurah 18:6 one can’t make the Bracha earlier than a fifth of an hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) after [[Olot HaShachar]]. </ref>
# Ashkenazim, in a case of need, can be lenient to say the Bracha on [[Talit]] from [[Olot HaShachar]] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref> Rama 18:3 says that Bedieved if one wears a [[Talit]] after [[Olot HaShachar]] one should make a Bracha and concludes that such was the minhag. </ref>
# Ashkenazim, in a case of need, can be lenient to say the Bracha on [[Tallit]] from [[Olot HaShachar]] which is 72 minutes (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]) before [[HaNetz]]. <Ref> Rama 18:3 says that Bedieved if one wears a [[Tallit]] after [[Olot HaShachar]] one should make a Bracha and concludes that such was the minhag. </ref>


==Times for Shacharit==
==Times for Shacharit==
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# The ideal Mitzvah is to start praying [[Shemoneh Esrei]] of [[Shacharit]] at [[HaNetz HaChama]] (sunrise). <ref> Gemara [[Brachot]] 26a writes the ideal time to pray [[Shacharit]] is at [[HaNetz HaChama]] and that was the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:1), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1), Tur and S”A 89:1 </ref>
# The ideal Mitzvah is to start praying [[Shemoneh Esrei]] of [[Shacharit]] at [[HaNetz HaChama]] (sunrise). <ref> Gemara [[Brachot]] 26a writes the ideal time to pray [[Shacharit]] is at [[HaNetz HaChama]] and that was the practice of the [[Vatikin]] (those who fulfill the מצות early and in the proper time). This is codified by the Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:1), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1), Tur and S”A 89:1 </ref>
# After the fact, if one did pray after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. </ref>
# After the fact, if one did pray after [[Olot HaShachar]] (dawn, about 72 minutes before sunrise) one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <ref> The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1. </ref>
# If one needs to travel or in a case of extreme difficulty one may pray [[Shacharit]] after [[Olot HaShachar]] before [[HaNetz]], but nonetheless one may not make the Bracha on [[Talit]] and [[Tefillin]] or say [[Kriyat Shema]] until [[Mesheyakir]]. <Ref>
# If one needs to travel or in a case of extreme difficulty one may pray [[Shacharit]] after [[Olot HaShachar]] before [[HaNetz]], but nonetheless one may not make the Bracha on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] or say [[Kriyat Shema]] until [[Mesheyakir]]. <Ref>
* The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1.  
* The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:1) writes that even though ideally one should pray at [[HaNetz]] (sunrise) if one prayed after [[Olot HaShachar]] one would have fulfilled one’s obligation. This is also the opinion of many Rishonim including Tosfot 30a (D”H Avuha), Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:7, Sh”t Rambam 27), Rabbenu Yerucham (according to Bet Yosef 89:1) and the Tur 89:1. This is codified in S”A 89:1.  
* There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray [[Shacharit]] before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi ([[Brachot]] 30a s.v. VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah).
* There is a minority of Rishonim who hold that in extenuating circumstances one is permitted to pray [[Shacharit]] before [[Olot HaShachar]]. The basis of this approach is Rashi ([[Brachot]] 30a s.v. VeLayaved), Sh”t Raavan (176), and Raavad (quoted by the Sefer Hashlamah).
* Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray [[Shacharit]] [[Shemoneh Esrei]] immediately after [[Olot HaShachar]] and then say Shema while traveling if one is able to have kavana (proper intent) while traveling. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. </ref>
* Shulchan Aruch 89:8 rules that in cases of extenuating circumstances such as where one has to travel early one may pray [[Shacharit]] [[Shemoneh Esrei]] immediately after [[Olot HaShachar]] and then say Shema while traveling if one is able to have kavana (proper intent) while traveling. This is also mentioned in Mishna Brurah 89:1. </ref>
## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a [[minyan]] that prays early according to the following schedule: say up to Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]] without [[Talit]] and [[Tefillin]] (except for Shaliach Tzibbur who should put on [[Talit]] and [[Tefillin]] before Yishtabach), when [[MeSheYakir]] arrives put on [[Talit]] and [[Tefillin]], then continue from there. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30). Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:6 writes that a person who needs to make it to work is considered an extenuating circumstance in which Shulchan Aruch 89:8 writes that one may pray [[Shacharit]] after Olot Hashachar See also Iggrot Moshe OC 1:10 and Yechave Daat 2:8.</ref>
## Therefore, a person who needs to pray early in the morning in order to get to work should pray with a [[minyan]] that prays early according to the following schedule: say up to Birchot [[Kriyat Shema]] without [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] (except for Shaliach Tzibbur who should put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]] before Yishtabach), when [[MeSheYakir]] arrives put on [[Tallit]] and [[Tefillin]], then continue from there. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30). Sh"t Igrot Moshe 4:6 writes that a person who needs to make it to work is considered an extenuating circumstance in which Shulchan Aruch 89:8 writes that one may pray [[Shacharit]] after Olot Hashachar See also Iggrot Moshe OC 1:10 and Yechave Daat 2:8.</ref>
## If the choice is to pray with an early [[minyan]] that follow this system or pray later privately at one’s office one should pray earlier with a [[minyan]]. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30), Peri Yitzchak 1:2, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 5:10, Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:10. Chazon Ish (Ishei Yisrael 13:note 21) rule likewise. </ref> Some disagree and say that you should pray on your own. <ref>  
## If the choice is to pray with an early [[minyan]] that follow this system or pray later privately at one’s office one should pray earlier with a [[minyan]]. <Ref>[http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, min 19:30-28:30), Peri Yitzchak 1:2, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 5:10, Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 9:10. Chazon Ish (Ishei Yisrael 13:note 21) rule likewise. </ref> Some disagree and say that you should pray on your own. <ref>  
Sh”t Sheilot Shmuel OC 12, Iggerot Moshe, OC 4:6, Rav Elyashiv (quoted in Avnei Yashfei [[Tefillah]] page 167), Yalkut Yosef [[Tefilla]] pages 137-139. </ref>  
Sh”t Sheilot Shmuel OC 12, Iggerot Moshe, OC 4:6, Rav Elyashiv (quoted in Avnei Yashfei [[Tefillah]] page 167), Yalkut Yosef [[Tefilla]] pages 137-139. </ref>  
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