When Does Shabbat End?: Difference between revisions
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Rav Aharon M'Belz instructed that one should wait 50 minutes after sunset in Israel.</ref> | Rav Aharon M'Belz instructed that one should wait 50 minutes after sunset in Israel.</ref> | ||
===Rabbeinu Tam's Position | ===Rabbeinu Tam's Position=== | ||
There are multiple Gemaras that comment on the the time span between sunset and Tzeit HaKochavim. One of them states that it is the amount of time between sunset and Tzeit HaKochavim is the amount of time it takes to walk 4 mil<ref>Pesachim 94a</ref>, while the other states that it is the amount of time to walk 0.75 mil <ref>Shabbat 35a</ref>. Not only are the Gemarot contradictory, but it is also unclear how long a mil is in time. | There are multiple Gemaras that comment on the the time span between sunset and Tzeit HaKochavim. One of them states that it is the amount of time between sunset and Tzeit HaKochavim is the amount of time it takes to walk 4 mil<ref>Pesachim 94a</ref>, while the other states that it is the amount of time to walk 0.75 mil <ref>Shabbat 35a</ref>. Not only are the Gemarot contradictory, but it is also unclear how long a mil is in time. | ||
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For those who follow Rabbeinu Tam's position, Tzeit HaKochavim and the end of Shabbat occurs at a uniform 4 mil after natural sunset for all locales.<ref>Teshuvot V'Hanhagot 1:268</ref> The only difference among the different interpretations of Rabbeinu Tam's position is how long to define a mil, which has ramifications for how long 4 mil would be. | For those who follow Rabbeinu Tam's position, Tzeit HaKochavim and the end of Shabbat occurs at a uniform 4 mil after natural sunset for all locales.<ref>Teshuvot V'Hanhagot 1:268</ref> The only difference among the different interpretations of Rabbeinu Tam's position is how long to define a mil, which has ramifications for how long 4 mil would be. | ||
===Interpretations and Derivatives of Rabbeinu Tam's Position=== | |||
*The most standard of these positions is that a mil is 18 minutes. Therefore, communities should end Shabbat 72 minutes after natural sunset.<ref>18 min/mil x 4 mil = 72 mins | *The most standard of these positions is that a mil is 18 minutes. Therefore, communities should end Shabbat 72 minutes after natural sunset.<ref>18 min/mil x 4 mil = 72 mins | ||
This was the position advocated by R' Moshe Feinstein for Binei Torah (even though he said 50 mins was sufficient) as well as the private, personal practice R' Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik (1903-1993) even though he paskened one only needed to wait 30 minutes after natural sunset in New York and Boston.</ref> | This was the position advocated by R' Moshe Feinstein for Binei Torah (even though he said 50 mins was sufficient) as well as the private, personal practice R' Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik (1903-1993) even though he paskened one only needed to wait 30 minutes after natural sunset in New York and Boston.</ref> | ||
*Others interpret Rabbeinu Tam slightly differently and state that Tzeit HaKochavim occurs not 72 natural minutes but 72 <u>halachic</u> minutes (1.2 halachic hours per Sha'ot Zemaniot)<ref>72 mins/(60 mins/hr) = 1.2 halachic hours | *Others interpret Rabbeinu Tam slightly differently and state that Tzeit HaKochavim occurs not 72 natural minutes but 72 <u>halachic</u> minutes (1.2 halachic hours per Sha'ot Zemaniot)<ref>72 mins/(60 mins/hr) = 1.2 halachic hours. | ||
To determine how much time this is in natural time, divide the total number of minutes of sunlight that occurred that day (dawn to sunset) by 12, yielding the amount of minutes in an halachic hour on that particular day. Multiply the solution by 1.2 to determine how many minutes after natural sunset should Shabbat end. | To determine how much time this is in natural time, divide the total number of minutes of sunlight that occurred that day (dawn to sunset) by 12, yielding the amount of minutes in an halachic hour on that particular day. Multiply the solution by 1.2 to determine how many minutes after natural sunset Shabbat should end. | ||
</ref> after natural sunset. <ref>This was the custom of Brisk, based on a letter from the Chofetz Chaim brought in the Sefer Brirur Halacha Tinyana, as well as the position of Rav Ovadiah Yosef (Yalkut Yosef 293:3, Zmanim K'Halacha, page 43) </ref> | |||
*There are those fundamentally agree with Rabbeinu Tam's 4 mil opinion, but define a mil as more than 18 minutes. Some define a mil as 22.5 minutes, making Tzeit HaKochavim 90 minutes after sunset. Others define a mil as 24 minutes, making Shabbat end 96 minutes after sunset.<ref>96 minutes- Satmar Rebbe (Zemirot Divrei Yoel) and Shu"t Beit Avi (3:117)</ref> Finally, some of those of who maintain a 24 minute mil maintain Tzeit HaKochavim occurs two hours after sunset. <ref>Uvdot V'Hanhagot L'Beit Brisk (Vol. 4, page 54) in the name of the Brisker Rav. This position is based on the Rambam's position that a mil is 24 minutes and on those who maintain there are not four but five mil for Tzeit HaKochavim. | |||
24 mins/mil * 5 mil= 120 mins</ref> | |||
