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When Does Shabbat End?: Difference between revisions
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→Interpretations and Derivatives of Rabbeinu Tam's Position
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For those who follow Rabbeinu Tam's position, Tzeit HaKochavim and the end of Shabbat occur at a uniform 4 mil after natural sunset for all locales.<ref>Teshuvot V'Hanhagot 1:268</ref> The only difference among the different interpretations of Rabbeinu Tam's position is how long to define a mil, which has ramifications for how long 4 mil would be and when Shabbat would end. | For those who follow Rabbeinu Tam's position, Tzeit HaKochavim and the end of Shabbat occur at a uniform 4 mil after natural sunset for all locales.<ref>Teshuvot V'Hanhagot 1:268</ref> The only difference among the different interpretations of Rabbeinu Tam's position is how long to define a mil, which has ramifications for how long 4 mil would be and when Shabbat would end. | ||
Those who accept Rabbeinu Tam's position include at least 25 rishonim: Tosfot (Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda, Shabbat 35a s.v. Trei, Zevachim 56a s.v. minayin, Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda, Menachot 20b s.v. nifsal, Sefer Hayashar Chidushim 221), Ramban (Torat Haadam Avelut Yeshana n. 105 s.v. vrayiti), Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1a s.v. elah), Maggid Mishna (Shabbat 5:4), Ran (on Rif Shabbat 15a), [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=47991&st=&pgnum=335 Sefer Hatrumah (Hilchot Tefillin)], Ibn Ezra (Beresheet 1:18, Shemot 12:6, Kohelet 12:2), Rav Chaim Ben Yakov of London (compiled 1287, printed by Mosad Rav Kook in 1962, Shabbat ch. 2 p. 207), and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 261:2. Yabia Omer OC 2:21:1-3 also cites that this is the position of the Ran Yoma 81b, Ritva Shabbat 35a, Meiri Shabbat 35a, Smag Asin 32, Roke'ach 51, Mordechai Shabbat 35a, Rashba (Brachot 2a s.v. hachi garsinan and 2b s.v. umikol, Shabbat 34b s.v. vazdu), Orchot Chaim (Yom Kippurim n. 3) citing Rav Hai Goan, Baal Hameor (Brachot beginning and Arvei Pesachim s.v. Rav Chinana), Raah on Brachot 27a, Ohel Moed Shabbat 2:7, Rabbenu Peretz on Smak 96, Rosh Tanit 1:12, Rosh Yoma 8:8, and Tosfot Harosh Brachot 2b. In Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 269 he adds the Raavad, Raavan (respona 2), and Rabbenu Yerucham. Dor Hamelaktim v. 1 p. 412 writes that Tosfot Rid (Mehudra Telita Shabbat 34b), Nemukei Yosef Shabbat 34b, Hashlama Shabbat 34b, Maharil 163, and Maharik 173 concur with Rabbeinu Tam. | Those who accept Rabbeinu Tam's position include at least 25 rishonim: Tosfot (Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda, Shabbat 35a s.v. Trei, Zevachim 56a s.v. minayin, Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda, Menachot 20b s.v. nifsal, Sefer Hayashar Chidushim 221), Ramban (Torat Haadam Avelut Yeshana n. 105 s.v. vrayiti), Rabbenu Yonah,<ref>Yerushalmi Brachot 1:1 allows praying Arvit early but requires repeating Shema. Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 1a s.v. elah) is bothered how he can recite brachot kriyat shema since it isn't nighttime. He answers that since it was shekiya it is somewhat nighttime. Why did Rabbenu Yonah assume that it was after shekiya and not even just after plag hamincha? Rather, it seems that he understood like Rabbenu Tam that plag hamincha is at earliest 3 minutes before shekiya.</ref> Maggid Mishna (Shabbat 5:4), Ran (on Rif Shabbat 15a), [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=47991&st=&pgnum=335 Sefer Hatrumah (Hilchot Tefillin)], Ibn Ezra (Beresheet 1:18, Shemot 12:6, Kohelet 12:2), Rav Chaim Ben Yakov of London (compiled 1287, printed by Mosad Rav Kook in 1962, Shabbat ch. 2 p. 207), and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 261:2. Yabia Omer OC 2:21:1-3 also cites that this is the position of the Ran Yoma 81b, Ritva Shabbat 35a, Meiri Shabbat 35a, Smag Asin 32, Roke'ach 51, Mordechai Shabbat 35a, Rashba (Brachot 2a s.v. hachi garsinan and 2b s.v. umikol, Shabbat 34b s.v. vazdu), Orchot Chaim (Yom Kippurim n. 3) citing Rav Hai Goan, Baal Hameor (Brachot beginning and Arvei Pesachim s.v. Rav Chinana), Raah on Brachot 27a, Ohel Moed Shabbat 2:7, Rabbenu Peretz on Smak 96, Rosh Tanit 1:12, Rosh Yoma 8:8, and Tosfot Harosh Brachot 2b. In Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 p. 269 he adds the Raavad, Raavan (respona 2), and Rabbenu Yerucham. Dor Hamelaktim v. 1 p. 412 writes that Tosfot Rid (Mehudra Telita Shabbat 34b), Nemukei Yosef Shabbat 34b, Hashlama Shabbat 34b, Maharil 163, and Maharik 173 concur with Rabbeinu Tam. | ||
Many poskim hold this as well including: Dor Hamelaktim v. 1 p. 412 cites the Radvaz 1352, Rama (Darkei Moshe Haaruch 261:1), Prisha 261:4, Bach responsa 154, Magen Avraham 331:2, Tosefet Shabbat 261:11, 331:10, and Chatom Sofer OC 80. He concludes with a citation of the Kuntres Ben Hashemashot by R' Shemerler that lists 183 rishonim and achronim who follow Rabbenu Tam! | Many poskim hold this as well including: Dor Hamelaktim v. 1 p. 412 cites the Radvaz 1352, Rama (Darkei Moshe Haaruch 261:1), Prisha 261:4, Bach responsa 154, Magen Avraham 331:2, Tosefet Shabbat 261:11, 331:10, and Chatom Sofer OC 80. He concludes with a citation of the Kuntres Ben Hashemashot by R' Shemerler that lists 183 rishonim and achronim who follow Rabbenu Tam! | ||
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*Rav Dovid Yosef in Ki Ba Hashemesh (end of ch. 3, pp. 33-34) addresses this issue at great length with no clear resolution. He suggests the same idea as Rav Mazuz but finds that it is very difficult. He leaves the question and maintains that the halacha is nonetheless 18 minute mil. | *Rav Dovid Yosef in Ki Ba Hashemesh (end of ch. 3, pp. 33-34) addresses this issue at great length with no clear resolution. He suggests the same idea as Rav Mazuz but finds that it is very difficult. He leaves the question and maintains that the halacha is nonetheless 18 minute mil. | ||
</ref> Others define a mil as 24 minutes, making Shabbat end 96 minutes after sunset.<ref>Magen Avraham 459:3. 96 minutes- Satmar Rebbe (Zemirot Divrei Yoel) and Shu"t Beit Avi (3:117). The 24 minute mil is based on the opinion of the Rambam (Rambam Korban Pesach 5:8 and Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1) described below.</ref> | </ref> Others define a mil as 24 minutes, making Shabbat end 96 minutes after sunset.<ref>Magen Avraham 459:3. 96 minutes- Satmar Rebbe (Zemirot Divrei Yoel) and Shu"t Beit Avi (3:117). The 24 minute mil is based on the opinion of the Rambam (Rambam Korban Pesach 5:8 and Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1) described below.</ref> | ||
*Finally, some of those of who hold of a 24 minute mil maintain Tzeit HaKochavim occurs two hours after sunset.<ref>Uvdot V'Hanhagot L'Beit Brisk (Vol. 4, page 54) in the name of the Brisker Rav.</ref> This position is based on the Rambam's position that a mil is 24 minutes and on those who maintain there are not four but five mil for Tzeit HaKochavim.<ref>24 mins/mil * 5 mil = 120 mins. The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1 and Korban Pesach 5:8) holds of the 24 minute mil and that there is 5 mil from shekiya until tzet. Sefer Hayashar (Chidushim 221), Yereyim 274, Tosfot Rash (Pesachim 11b), and Chidushei Haran (Pesachim 11b) also have the text of 5 mil. | *Finally, some of those of who hold of a 24 minute mil maintain Tzeit HaKochavim occurs two hours after sunset.<ref>Uvdot V'Hanhagot L'Beit Brisk (Vol. 4, page 54) in the name of the Brisker Rav.</ref> This position is based on the Rambam's position that a mil is 24 minutes and on those who maintain there are not four but five mil for Tzeit HaKochavim.<ref>24 mins/mil * 5 mil = 120 mins. The Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1 and Korban Pesach 5:8) holds of the 24 minute mil and that there is 5 mil from shekiya until tzet. | ||
Those who have the text of 5 mil: Rambam (Pirush Mishnayot Pesachim 9:1 and Korban Pesach 5:8), Sefer Hayashar (Chidushim 221), Yereyim 274, Tosfot (Pesachim 11b s.v. echad), Tosfot Rash (Pesachim 11b), Tosfot (Brachot 2b s.v. dilma), Tosfot Harosh (Brachot 2a s.v. um'may), and Chidushei Haran (Pesachim 11b) also have the text of 5 mil. Even though Tosfos has the text that it is 5 mil from shekiya until tzet, Gra OC 459 emends the text of Tosfot to say 4 mil. Those who have 4 mil: Tosfot (Shabbat 35a s.v. telata), Tosfot (Zevachim s.v. minyan), Tosfot (Pesachim 94a s.v. Rabbi Yehuda), Ramban Torat Adam, Rashba Shabbat 34b, Rabbenu Dovid (Pesachim 12a s.v. dyahavinan), and most of all the rishonim who agree with Rabbenu Tam.</ref> | |||
===Answering the Questions for Rabbeinu Tam=== | ===Answering the Questions for Rabbeinu Tam=== | ||
