When Does Shabbat End?: Difference between revisions
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==Halacha== | ==Halacha== | ||
===In Minutes=== | |||
*Many shuls have the custom to wait 40-42 minutes after sunset to end Shabbat.<ref>This might be an American replication of the custom in Israel to wait 30 minutes, per the minhag of the Gr"a. A few minutes are added for Tosefet at the end of Shabbat. | *Many shuls have the custom to wait 40-42 minutes after sunset to end Shabbat.<ref>This might be an American replication of the custom in Israel to wait 30 minutes, per the minhag of the Gr"a. A few minutes are added for Tosefet at the end of Shabbat. | ||
[https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/955957/rabbi-eli-belizon/zmanei-hayom-rabbeinu-tam-vs-the-geonim-scp-fairlawn-2-/ Rabbi Eli Belizyon ("Zmanei Hayom: Rabbeinu Tam vs The Geonim")]</ref> | [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/955957/rabbi-eli-belizon/zmanei-hayom-rabbeinu-tam-vs-the-geonim-scp-fairlawn-2-/ Rabbi Eli Belizyon ("Zmanei Hayom: Rabbeinu Tam vs The Geonim")]</ref> | ||
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*There are poskim that made pesakim for the land of Israel specifically. The more lenient positions held that Shabbat ends 24 minutes after sunset in the winter and 30 in the summer in Israel.<ref>Ketzot HaChoshen 93:2. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (ch. 20 fnt. 45) cites Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as saying that the minhag is to consider it Ben Hashemashot for 25 minutes.</ref> Those who were more stringent held that Shabbat should end 45-50 minutes after sunset in Israel.<ref>Dinim V'Hanhagot 8:7 in the name of the Chazon Ish. Rav Aharon M'Belz instructed that one should wait 50 minutes after sunset in Israel.</ref> | *There are poskim that made pesakim for the land of Israel specifically. The more lenient positions held that Shabbat ends 24 minutes after sunset in the winter and 30 in the summer in Israel.<ref>Ketzot HaChoshen 93:2. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (ch. 20 fnt. 45) cites Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as saying that the minhag is to consider it Ben Hashemashot for 25 minutes.</ref> Those who were more stringent held that Shabbat should end 45-50 minutes after sunset in Israel.<ref>Dinim V'Hanhagot 8:7 in the name of the Chazon Ish. Rav Aharon M'Belz instructed that one should wait 50 minutes after sunset in Israel.</ref> | ||
*Rav Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik (1903-1993) held that Shabbat ends 30 minutes after sunset for New York and Boston, though he privately would wait longer. <ref> As stated by his son in-law, Rav Aharon Lichtenstein ([https://www.etzion.org.il/en/conclusion-shabbat-and-havdala etzion.org]). Privately, Rav Soloveitchik followed the opinion of Rabbeinu Tam. </ref> | *Rav Yosef Dov HaLevi Soloveitchik (1903-1993) held that Shabbat ends 30 minutes after sunset for New York and Boston, though he privately would wait longer. <ref> As stated by his son in-law, Rav Aharon Lichtenstein ([https://www.etzion.org.il/en/conclusion-shabbat-and-havdala etzion.org]). Privately, Rav Soloveitchik followed the opinion of Rabbeinu Tam. </ref> | ||
===In Degrees=== | |||
# Using the 40 minutes even for a summer day in Jerusalem,<ref>Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh Orach Chayim 331:35:1 writes that minhag is to assume it is nighttime after 40 minutes in Jerusalem.</ref> that is equivalent to 8.085 degrees below horizon, which would yield 48 minutes on a equinox day in Amsterdam (where the Minchat Cohen lived) and 72 minutes in the summer for Warsaw. He notes that the Minchat Cohen (2:5) advocated for Rabbeinu Tam but upon investigation came to the conclusion that the method of stars emerging occurred at 48 minutes.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=51651&st=&pgnum=106 Birur Halacha Tinyana p. 96]</ref> | |||
For an '''equinox day''' here's a timetable of Tzet Hakochavim times according to degrees based on [https://www.myzmanim.com| MyZmanim.com] and Sefer Zmanim Khalacha. | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
! Degrees below Horizon !! Minutes after Sunset in Yerushalayim (32°N) !! Minutes after Sunset in NY (41°N) | |||
|- | |||
| 4°<ref>Based on Gra</ref> || 13.5 || 15 | |||
|- | |||
| 8.5°<ref>Based on Rav Tukachinsky</ref> || 36 || 41<ref>Zmanim Khalacha (p. 107, Table 8, Latitude 41, Motzei Shabbat as per R' Tukachinsky, Row Sept 22)</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| 16.1°<ref>Based on Rabbeinu Tam</ref> || 72 || 82 | |||
|} | |||
==Asking Someone Else to Do Melacha== | ==Asking Someone Else to Do Melacha== | ||
