When Does Shabbat End?: Difference between revisions
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===Other Opinions=== | ===Other Opinions=== | ||
The other major position that sought to resolve the contradiction in Gemaras was that of the Vilna Gaon (Gr"a) who held that there is only 1 halachic sunset which occurs at natural sunset. The 0.75 mil the Gemara was referring to is the time that it takes 3 medium sized stars to appear in the sky, which is nighttime on a Torah level. We are then required to wait longer until 3 small stars appear<ref>See the Shulchan Aruch quoted above.</ref> to appear to end Shabbat. When the Gemara was speaking about 4 mil, it is referring to when all the stars appear in the sky, which would be relevant for other areas of halacha.<ref>Bei'ur HaGra and Bei'ur Halacha, Orach Chaim 261:2 and Mishna Berurah 293:3</ref> This position requires a wait to Tzeit HaKochavim that is less than the 4 mil presented by Rabbeinu Tam. Many rishonim and geonim agree with the opinion of the Vilna Goan | The other major position that sought to resolve the contradiction in Gemaras was that of the Vilna Gaon (Gr"a) who held that there is only 1 halachic sunset which occurs at natural sunset. The 0.75 mil the Gemara was referring to is the time that it takes 3 medium sized stars to appear in the sky, which is nighttime on a Torah level. We are then required to wait longer until 3 small stars appear<ref>See the Shulchan Aruch quoted above.</ref> to appear to end Shabbat. When the Gemara was speaking about 4 mil, it is referring to when all the stars appear in the sky, which would be relevant for other areas of halacha.<ref>Bei'ur HaGra and Bei'ur Halacha, Orach Chaim 261:2 and Mishna Berurah 293:3</ref> This position requires a wait to Tzeit HaKochavim that is less than the 4 mil presented by Rabbeinu Tam. Many rishonim and geonim agree with the opinion of the Vilna Goan including the Ri<ref>Mayim Chaim of the Pri Chadash (5704 edition p. 116 s.v. ubemet) writes that Tosfot Pesachim 2a s.v. vha citing the Ri holds like the Geonim and Gra. Bear Avraham Pesachim 2a agrees and asks why the earlier poskim didn’t quote this Tosfot as a proof. Derech Yeshara Ben Hashemashot p. 124 and Ish Matzliach (MB v. 3 Kuntres Ben Hashemashot p. 91) also bring this proof. Graz in Piskei HaSiddur (cited by Hazmanim Bhalacha 2:41:9) also says Tosfot Pesachim 2a holds like Geonim. The Hazmanim Bhalacha tries to avoid this reading but from Tosfot Rashba he isn’t sure.</ref> and Rambam.<ref> The Maharam Alshaker 96 proves that the Rambam agrees with the Geonim that Ben Hashemashot is all of 0.75 mil and begins immediately after shekiya. One of his proves is from Rav Avraham Ben Harambam in his work, Alkafiya. Yabia Omer OC 2:21:4 disagrees and tries to show that the Rambam Pirush Mishnayot (Shabbat 2:6) holds like Rabbenu Tam. Ish Matzliach (Kuntres Ben Hashemashot MB v. 3) thoroughly tries to disprove Yabia Omer's contention and show that the Rambam thinks like the Geonim. Or Letzion YD 1:10 also explains that the Rambam follows the Geonim.</ref> | ||
*Rav Moshe Feinstein held that Shabbat ends at a maximum of 50 minutes after sunset as by then, the stars that will usually appear in the night sky will be out by then.<ref>Shu"t Igrot Moshe, Orach Chaim 4:62. Rav Moshe held that Binei Torah should wait 72 minutes after sunset as that was the minhag in Europe. With that said, even Rabbeinu Tam would agree that 50 minutes would suffice since all the stars are out by then.</ref> | *Rav Moshe Feinstein held that Shabbat ends at a maximum of 50 minutes after sunset as by then, the stars that will usually appear in the night sky will be out by then.<ref>Shu"t Igrot Moshe, Orach Chaim 4:62. Rav Moshe held that Binei Torah should wait 72 minutes after sunset as that was the minhag in Europe. With that said, even Rabbeinu Tam would agree that 50 minutes would suffice since all the stars are out by then.</ref> | ||
