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Wheat and Grain Products: Difference between revisions
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==The five grains (wheat, barley…)== | ==The five grains (wheat, barley…)== | ||
# The Bracha of [[Mezonot]] is only applicable to food that are made from the five grains (which will be enumerated below). The other conditions in order for a food to require [[Mezonot]] are explained below.<ref>Rav and Shmuel in Gemara [[Brachot]] 35b say that [[Mezonot]] is only made upon the five grains. Shulchan Aruch 208:2 codifies this as halacha.</ref> | # The Bracha of [[Mezonot]] is only applicable to food that are made from the five grains (which will be enumerated below). The other conditions in order for a food to require [[Mezonot]] are explained below.<ref>Rav and Shmuel in Gemara [[Brachot]] 35b say that [[Mezonot]] is only made upon the five grains. Shulchan Aruch 208:2 codifies this as halacha.</ref> | ||
# The five grains which our Rabbis designated as the fundamental grains that provide sustenance to man are wheat, barley, spelt, oat, and rye. <ref> | # The five grains which our Rabbis designated as the fundamental grains that provide sustenance to man are wheat, barley, spelt, oat, and rye. <ref> The Gemara Pesachim (35a) identifies the five grains which were distinguished by Chazal as חטים שעורים כוסמין ושיפון ושיבולת שועל. Rambam ([[Brachot]] 3:1-3) writes that these grains are the same five which Chazal choose to be [[Mezonot]] when made in a cooked dish and [[HaMotzei]] when made into bread. Tur 208:1 and Mishna Brurah 208:2 codify this as halacha. [Halacha Brurah (Shaar HaTziyun 208:13) writes that this is accepted by all poskim.] | ||
* What is the definition of these grains? Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 480, chapter 27) defines the five grains as wheat, barley, spelt, oat, and rye. Vezot HaBracha (chap 12, pg 102) writes that even though some argue that שיפון isn’t rye and שיבולת שועל isn’t oat, nonetheless, he quotes the Mekor Bracha (26:3) who establish that the generally accepted definitions of rye and oat are correct. The Laws of [[Brachos]] (Rabbi Forst, chap 8, pg 230) emphasizes this point by stating that these definitions are supported by the Rishonim and are totally accepted as halacha despite the argument of modern scholars who use methods of questionable halachic value. | * What is the definition of these grains? Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner pg 480, chapter 27) defines the five grains as wheat, barley, spelt, oat, and rye. Vezot HaBracha (chap 12, pg 102) writes that even though some argue that שיפון isn’t rye and שיבולת שועל isn’t oat, nonetheless, he quotes the Mekor Bracha (26:3) who establish that the generally accepted definitions of rye and oat are correct. The Laws of [[Brachos]] (Rabbi Forst, chap 8, pg 230) emphasizes this point by stating that these definitions are supported by the Rishonim and are totally accepted as halacha despite the argument of modern scholars who use methods of questionable halachic value. | ||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/759938/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Laws_and_Customs_of_Pesach Rabbi Hershel Schachter] (min 79-82) fundamentally doesn't agree that oats are considered a grain, however, he concludes that since American oats (from which Cherrios are made) have a siginificant amount of gluten in them the correct bracha is [[mezonot]]. </ref> | * [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/759938/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Laws_and_Customs_of_Pesach Rabbi Hershel Schachter] (min 79-82) fundamentally doesn't agree that oats are considered a grain, however, he concludes that since American oats (from which Cherrios are made) have a siginificant amount of gluten in them the correct bracha is [[mezonot]]. </ref> | ||
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==General rule== | ==General rule== | ||
# Any food which is made from flour of one of the grains and it was cooked is [[Mezonot]] and the [[Bracha Achrona]] is [[Al HaMichya]]. Even if there is a majority of other ingredients the Bracha remains [[Mezonot]]. As long as the purpose of adding flour is to fill one up, give a taste to the food, or make the food more fit for consumption the Bracha is [[Mezonot]]. <Ref> | # Any food which is made from flour of one of the grains and it was cooked is [[Mezonot]] and the [[Bracha Achrona]] is [[Al HaMichya]]. Even if there is a majority of other ingredients the Bracha remains [[Mezonot]]. As long as the purpose of adding flour is to fill one up, give a taste to the food, or make the food more fit for consumption the Bracha is [[Mezonot]]. <Ref> In Gemara [[Brachot]] 36b, Rav and Shmuel say that anything which has (flour from) the five grains is [[mezonot]]. (This is known the rule of Kol SheYesh Bo.) This is quoted by the Rif ([[Brachot]] 26a), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:7), and Rambam ([[Brachot]] 3:4) and codified by Tur and Shulchan Aruch 208:2. | ||
* Tosfot 36b s.v. Kol writes that if the flour is added in order to fill one up then the food is [[Mezonot]], whereas if it’s added as a binding agent it’s not [[mezonot]]. Moreover, the Rashba ([[Brachot]] 36b s.v. Duvsha) writes that if the flour is added in order to give a taste or make the food more fit for consumption the Bracha is [[Mezonot]]. This is quoted by the Bet Yosef 208:2 and codified as halacha by the Mishna Brurah 208:7. | * Tosfot 36b s.v. Kol writes that if the flour is added in order to fill one up then the food is [[Mezonot]], whereas if it’s added as a binding agent it’s not [[mezonot]]. Moreover, the Rashba ([[Brachot]] 36b s.v. Duvsha) writes that if the flour is added in order to give a taste or make the food more fit for consumption the Bracha is [[Mezonot]]. This is quoted by the Bet Yosef 208:2 and codified as halacha by the Mishna Brurah 208:7. | ||
* Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:7) writes that even if there is a majority of other ingredients flour is primary and the Bracha is [[Mezonot]]. Bet Yosef 208:2 proves this from the language of the Gemara. The S”A 208:2 codifies this as halacha. </ref> This is only true when the taste of the flour is recognizable. <Ref>Beiur Halacha 208:9 s.v. Mivarech says that even though the Taz holds that once flour is added the Bracha is [[Mezonot]] whether or not the taste of flour is recognizable, nonetheless, many achronim argue on the Taz. Mishna Brurah 208:49 and Halacha Brurah 208:7 conclude that the Bracha is [[Mezonot]] only if the taste of the flour is recognizable. </ref> | * Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:7) writes that even if there is a majority of other ingredients flour is primary and the Bracha is [[Mezonot]]. Bet Yosef 208:2 proves this from the language of the Gemara. The S”A 208:2 codifies this as halacha. </ref> This is only true when the taste of the flour is recognizable. <Ref>Beiur Halacha 208:9 s.v. Mivarech says that even though the Taz holds that once flour is added the Bracha is [[Mezonot]] whether or not the taste of flour is recognizable, nonetheless, many achronim argue on the Taz. Mishna Brurah 208:49 and Halacha Brurah 208:7 conclude that the Bracha is [[Mezonot]] only if the taste of the flour is recognizable. </ref> | ||
# The major exception to the above rule is when the grain flour is added only in order to bind, harden, soften, impart a color, or smell the Bracha is made upon the other ingredients of the food (and not [[Mezonot]] because of the flour). <Ref> | # The major exception to the above rule is when the grain flour is added only in order to bind, harden, soften, impart a color, or smell the Bracha is made upon the other ingredients of the food (and not [[Mezonot]] because of the flour). <Ref> In Gemara [[Brachot]] 36b, Rav and Shmuel say that anything which has (flour from) the five grains is [[mezonot]]. However, on Gemara [[Brachot]] 39a Rav Huna states that a cooked dish made out of beets and flour is HaAdama because the flour added was only meant to bind the food together. | ||
* Tosfot 36b s.v. Kol writes that if the flour is added in order to fill one up then the food is [[Mezonot]], whereas if it’s added as a binding agent it’s not [[mezonot]]. The Rif ([[Brachot]] 27b), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:17), and Rambam ([[Brachot]] 3:6) quote this differentiation. The Tur and S”A 208:2 codify this as halacha. | * Tosfot 36b s.v. Kol writes that if the flour is added in order to fill one up then the food is [[Mezonot]], whereas if it’s added as a binding agent it’s not [[mezonot]]. The Rif ([[Brachot]] 27b), Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:17), and Rambam ([[Brachot]] 3:6) quote this differentiation. The Tur and S”A 208:2 codify this as halacha. | ||
* Additionally, the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:7) writes that if the flour was added in order to harden the food the Bracha isn’t [[mezonot]]. Also, the Rambam ([[Brachot]] 3:6) writes that if the flour was added as a binding agent or only in order to impart a color or smell the food isn’t [[mezonot]] because of the flour. Sh”t Avnei Nezer 38:2 writes that if one adds flour only in order to soften the food so that someone who doesn’t have teeth could eat it the Bracha is made on the other ingredients. | * Additionally, the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 6:7) writes that if the flour was added in order to harden the food the Bracha isn’t [[mezonot]]. Also, the Rambam ([[Brachot]] 3:6) writes that if the flour was added as a binding agent or only in order to impart a color or smell the food isn’t [[mezonot]] because of the flour. Sh”t Avnei Nezer 38:2 writes that if one adds flour only in order to soften the food so that someone who doesn’t have teeth could eat it the Bracha is made on the other ingredients. | ||
