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Violating Torah to Save Your Life: Difference between revisions
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An overarching principle in the Torah is that we do our utmost to preserve life even at the expense of negating a law of the Torah. There are three major exceptions where it is incumbent upon a person to give up his life in order to follow the halacha. Namely, to avoid murder, [[Avoda Zara]], and illicit relations a person should give up his life rather than violate these critical mitzvot. Surrendering one's life in order to uphold the Torah when it is halachically prescribed is a [Kiddush Hashem]], sanctifying Hashem's name, of the highest order.<ref>Rambam Yesodei Hatorah 5:1-7, Maharam Chalavah Pesachim 25a. See Baal Hameor (Pesachim 6a s.v. nimsa) who seems to subscribe to this approach as well.</ref> | An overarching principle in the Torah is that we do our utmost to preserve life even at the expense of negating a law of the Torah. There are three major exceptions where it is incumbent upon a person to give up his life in order to follow the halacha. Namely, to avoid murder, [[Avoda Zara]], and illicit relations a person should give up his life rather than violate these critical mitzvot. Surrendering one's life in order to uphold the Torah when it is halachically prescribed is a [[Kiddush Hashem]], sanctifying Hashem's name, of the highest order.<ref>Rambam Yesodei Hatorah 5:1-7, Maharam Chalavah Pesachim 25a. See Baal Hameor (Pesachim 6a s.v. nimsa) who seems to subscribe to this approach as well.</ref> | ||
==The Big Three== | ==The Big Three== | ||
# If a person's life is threatened unless he violates murder, [[Avoda Zara]], or illicit relations, he may not violate the law. Rather he should die in fulfillment of the mitzvah of [[Kiddush Hashem]], sanctifying Hashem's name.<ref>Gemara Pesachim 25a, Sanhedrin 74b, Rambam Yesodei Hatorah 5:2, Rosh Sanhedrin :3, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 157:1</ref> The bracha for dying to sanctify Hashem's name is Baruch Atta Hashem Elokenu Melech Haolam Asher Kideshanu Bmitzvotav Likadesh Shemo Brabbim - ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצוונו לקדש שמו ברבים (trans. Blessed is He, Hashem God of the world, who sanctified us with his mitzvot and commanded us to publicly sanctify His name.) .<Ref>Pitchei Teshuva 157:6 citing Shlah (end of Aleph)</ref> | # If a person's life is threatened unless he violates murder, [[Avoda Zara]], or illicit relations, he may not violate the law. Rather he should die in fulfillment of the mitzvah of [[Kiddush Hashem]], sanctifying Hashem's name.<ref>Gemara Pesachim 25a, Sanhedrin 74b, Rambam Yesodei Hatorah 5:2, Rosh Sanhedrin :3, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 157:1</ref> The bracha for dying to sanctify Hashem's name is Baruch Atta Hashem Elokenu Melech Haolam Asher Kideshanu Bmitzvotav Likadesh Shemo Brabbim - ברוך אתה ה' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצוותיו וצוונו לקדש שמו ברבים (trans. Blessed is He, Hashem God of the world, who sanctified us with his mitzvot and commanded us to publicly sanctify His name.) .<Ref>Pitchei Teshuva 157:6 citing Shlah (end of Aleph)</ref> | ||
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# In order to fulfill a positive mitzvah one only has to spend a fifth of one's money.<ref>Rama O.C. 652, Shach 157:3</ref> | # In order to fulfill a positive mitzvah one only has to spend a fifth of one's money.<ref>Rama O.C. 652, Shach 157:3</ref> | ||
# To avoid a rabbinic prohibition a person should give up all of his money.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva 157:4 quotes the Pri Megadim who was unsure about this. Chavot Yair 183 says you do, while in Chavot Yair 182 contradicts this. Radvaz 1:145 also holds that to avoid a rabbinic prohibition one should give up all of his money. Igrot Moshe EH 1:57, Gra 157:4, Chafetz Chaim (Klal Rechilut Bear Mayim Chayim 1:12) concur.</ref> | # To avoid a rabbinic prohibition a person should give up all of his money.<ref>Pitchei Teshuva 157:4 quotes the Pri Megadim who was unsure about this. Chavot Yair 183 says you do, while in Chavot Yair 182 contradicts this. Radvaz 1:145 also holds that to avoid a rabbinic prohibition one should give up all of his money. Igrot Moshe EH 1:57, Gra 157:4, Chafetz Chaim (Klal Rechilut Bear Mayim Chayim 1:12) concur.</ref> | ||
===Forbidden Foods=== | |||
# It is permitted to eat forbidden foods in order to save one's life. Nonetheless, one may not have intent to benefit from the food.<ref>Rambam Machalot Asurot 14:12, Even Haezel Shabbat 1:5 s.v. ivra</ref> | |||
==Sacrificing an Individual to Save a Group== | ==Sacrificing an Individual to Save a Group== | ||
