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Trusting Others for Kashrut: Difference between revisions
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#There is a dispute whether testimony about conversion is considered dvar she'be'ervah and requires two witnesses or not.<ref> Nodeh Beyehuda 54 holds that testimony whether a person is Jewish or not is considered dvar she'be'ervah. Igrot Moshe YD 2:127 argues because the primary question of whether he is Jewish has many ramifications and isn't purely about marriage.</ref> | #There is a dispute whether testimony about conversion is considered dvar she'be'ervah and requires two witnesses or not.<ref> Nodeh Beyehuda 54 holds that testimony whether a person is Jewish or not is considered dvar she'be'ervah. Igrot Moshe YD 2:127 argues because the primary question of whether he is Jewish has many ramifications and isn't purely about marriage.</ref> | ||
=== | ===Adultery=== | ||
#Testifying that a woman had an affair requires two witnesses because it is dvar she’be’ervah.<ref>Kiddushin 66a, Rambam Ishut 24:18, Shulchan Aruch E.H. 178:9</ref> | #Testifying that a woman had an affair requires two witnesses because it is dvar she’be’ervah.<ref>Kiddushin 66a, Rambam Ishut 24:18, Shulchan Aruch E.H. 178:9</ref> | ||
===Not Against a Chazaka=== | ===Not Against a Chazaka=== | ||
#If the witness is not contradicting a chazaka, previously presumed status, he is trusted even for dvar she'be'ervah.<ref>Shev Shmaytata 6:3 based on Teshuvot Maimoni and Maharik. Hamikneh (Kiddushin 66b) and Maharam Shik EH 141 s.v. vezeh nireh agree to this principle.</ref> Some argue that a single witness is not trusted for dvar she’be’ervah even if there’s no chazaka.<ref> [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1161&st=&pgnum=213 Rabbi Akiva Eiger (1:124 s.v. gam byesod)] argues that from Tosfot and the Ran it sounds like he is not trusted on dvar she’be’ervah even if there’s no previous chazaka.</ref> | #If the witness is not contradicting a chazaka, previously presumed status, he is trusted even for dvar she'be'ervah.<ref>Shev Shmaytata 6:3 based on Teshuvot Maimoni and Maharik. Hamikneh (Kiddushin 66b) and Maharam Shik EH 141 s.v. vezeh nireh agree to this principle.</ref> Some argue that a single witness is not trusted for dvar she’be’ervah even if there’s no chazaka.<ref> [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1161&st=&pgnum=213 Rabbi Akiva Eiger (1:124 s.v. gam byesod)] argues that from Tosfot and the Ran it sounds like he is not trusted on dvar she’be’ervah even if there’s no previous chazaka.</ref> | ||
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==''Hechsher'' and ''Mashgiach''== | ==''Hechsher'' and ''Mashgiach''== | ||
#Some poskim hold that if a Jew is selling food it is necessary to have a hechsher (supervision) from an outside source and he is not trusted even if otherwise he is a religious individual.<ref>Bet Hillel YD 65:5 explains that there's a institution of Lithuania in his day to require a hechsher in order to sell food. (This isn't an obligation according to the gemara as is evident from siman 119:14-18 that a Jew can be trusted to sell kosher meat unless he's suspect). Dor Hamelaktim (119:1, v. 11 p. 320) quotes Darkei Teshuva 119:7, Kaf Hachaim 119:4, and Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:377 as quoting this Bet Hillel. However, they also quote Rav Nevinsal and Rav Chaim Kanievsky that it is permitted to buy from a religious Jew. They also quote Rav Sarya Debilitsky, Rav Azriel Auerbach, and Rav Zilberman who hold that it is possible to be lenient if the Jew selling is known personally to be trustworthy or the local rabbi vouches for their honesty and kashrut.</ref> | |||
#crc list, job of mashgiach, what does a hechsher certify | #crc list, job of mashgiach, what does a hechsher certify | ||
#In a place where they sell non-kosher meat they can't also kosher meat that isn't marked with a clear demarcation, such as a hechsher. It doesn't help that the merchant knows which pieces are kosher and which aren't.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 3:18</ref> | #In a place where they sell non-kosher meat they can't also kosher meat that isn't marked with a clear demarcation, such as a hechsher. It doesn't help that the merchant knows which pieces are kosher and which aren't.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 3:18</ref> | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Kashrut]] | [[Category:Kashrut]] | ||
{{Kashrut}} | |||
