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Tofer: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Definition== | ||
# Tofair entails the combining of any two separate objects into one single entity, whether by sewing, pinning, gluing or any other means.<ref> Rambam Shabbos 10:9 </ref> | |||
# Gluing together two papers or leathers with glue is forbidden. <Ref>S”A 340:14 writes that gluing two papers together is forbidden because of Tofer. </ref> Gluing two pieces of wood is forbidden. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 340:14 there </ref> | # Gluing together two papers or leathers with glue is forbidden. <Ref>S”A 340:14 writes that gluing two papers together is forbidden because of Tofer. </ref> Gluing two pieces of wood is forbidden. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 340:14 there </ref> | ||
# Tofer is forbidden even if it’s a temporary connection. <Ref>Rama 317:3 brings two opinions and concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient in front of an Am HaAretz. </ref> | # Tofer is forbidden even if it’s a temporary connection. <Ref>Rama 317:3 brings two opinions and concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient in front of an Am HaAretz. see also Darchay Moshe Simin 340 Sif Katan 2 </ref> | ||
==In the Mishkan== | |||
# There is a machlokes where Tofair was in the mishkan. According to some, sewing was required in the mishkan in order to sew the curtians together.<ref> Rashi Parshas Teruma 26:3 </ref> However, the Yerushalmi explains that the curtains were continuous without a seam and therefore did not require sewing. Accordingly, Tofair in the mishkan was not required for creating the curtains, but only for repairing them.<ref> Yerushalmi Perek Klal Gadol </ref> | |||
==Stapling== | ==Stapling== | ||
# Stapling is also forbidden. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:5 </ref> | # Stapling is also forbidden. <Ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 28:5 </ref> | ||
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==Buttons== | ==Buttons== | ||
# Buttons are permissible to open and close. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 2:84 permits </ref> | # Buttons are permissible to open and close. <Ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 2:84 permits. The 39 Melachos by Rabbi Dovid Ribiat page 815 writes that it is clear from the Poskim that buttoning is not an issue of Tofair on Shabbos and is permitted in all cases. There are two reasons for this. | ||
# First, using buttons isn’t a melacha if it is being used in its normal manner, Derech Tashmisho, and its functional design is to be fastened and unfastened. | |||
# Also, Tofair only occurs when the combining medium causes them to be unified to the extent that one must “tear” them apart to detach them. However, buttoning does not actually combine two parts into one and does not require tearing to separate.</ref> | |||
==Safety pins== | ==Safety pins== | ||
# Some poskim say that clipping two pieces of clothing together with a pin is forbidden under the melacha of Tofer. Many others, though, argue that is permitted because the pin does not make the two pieces into one but merely holds them close together. <Ref>* The Rashbam and Rabbeinu Yoel (Hagahot Mordechai [[Shabbat]] 457) hold that it is permitted to rip something that was sewn together if it is meant to last only for a short time. The Riva, however ({{ibid}}.), argues that it is a Biblical prohibition of Korei’a (tearing), as there’s no difference whether the stitches were made to be permanent or temporary. Both opinions are quoted by the Rama 317:3. | # Some poskim say that clipping two pieces of clothing together with a pin is forbidden under the melacha of Tofer. Many others, though, argue that is permitted because the pin does not make the two pieces into one but merely holds them close together. <Ref>* The Rashbam and Rabbeinu Yoel (Hagahot Mordechai [[Shabbat]] 457) hold that it is permitted to rip something that was sewn together if it is meant to last only for a short time. The Riva, however ({{ibid}}.), argues that it is a Biblical prohibition of Korei’a (tearing), as there’s no difference whether the stitches were made to be permanent or temporary. Both opinions are quoted by the Rama 317:3. | ||
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==Magnets== | ==Magnets== | ||
see [[Games_on_Shabbat#Magnets | Magnets]] on the [[Games on Shabbat]] page | see [[Games_on_Shabbat#Magnets | Magnets]] on the [[Games on Shabbat]] page | ||
==Related Pages== | |||
# [http://halachipedia.com/documents/5773/13.pdf Practical Applications of Tofer] | |||
==Links== | |||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/789496/Rabbi_Shalom_Rosner/Meleches_Tofer Meleches Tofer] by Rabbi Shalom Rosner | |||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/726704/Rabbi_Josh_Flug/The_Melacha_of_Sewing_on_Shabbat# Article on the Melacha of Sewing] by Rabbi Josh Flug | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
