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Tisha BeAv: Difference between revisions
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* Tosfot (Megillah 5b s.v. vebikesh) and Ritva (Megillah 5b) imply that Tisha B'av is only derabbanan or a minhag. See, however, the Taz 554:4 who implies that it is Divrei Kabbalah, from the authority of the navi.</ref> | * Tosfot (Megillah 5b s.v. vebikesh) and Ritva (Megillah 5b) imply that Tisha B'av is only derabbanan or a minhag. See, however, the Taz 554:4 who implies that it is Divrei Kabbalah, from the authority of the navi.</ref> | ||
# It is not necessary to wait until the tzet hakochavim according to Rabbeinu Tam to begin eating. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 586 </ref> | # It is not necessary to wait until the tzet hakochavim according to Rabbeinu Tam to begin eating. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 586 </ref> | ||
==People who are permitted to eat== | ==People who are permitted to eat== | ||
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# Three men should not eat together in order to avoid being obligated in a zimun. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 552:8, Haghot Maimaniyot Hilchot Taaniyot 5:7:30 </ref> If they do sit together they should still not recite the zimmun. <ref> Mishna Brura 552:19 </ref> | # Three men should not eat together in order to avoid being obligated in a zimun. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 552:8, Haghot Maimaniyot Hilchot Taaniyot 5:7:30 </ref> If they do sit together they should still not recite the zimmun. <ref> Mishna Brura 552:19 </ref> | ||
== | ==Brushing Teeth== | ||
# | # One should refrain from brushing his teeth on Tisha B'av, unless not doing so causes tremendous distress. <ref> Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 4:109, Mikraei Kodesh by Rabbi Moshe Harari 4:4, Mishna Brura 567:11 </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a [[Reviit]] of water. <ref> Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series. see also Rav Shimon Eider’s Halachos of the Three Weeks pg. 19 where he suggests in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein that on Tisha B'Av it is forbidden to wash out one's mouth because of rechitza. </ref> | |||
# | |||
==Washing and Bathing== | ==Washing and Bathing== | ||
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# Even those who are more lenient on [[Yom Kippur]] and wear comfortable non leather shoes, should be more stringent on Tisha B’Av as we try to minimize comforts on Tisha B’Av as much as possible. <ref> Halichot Shlomo (ch. 15 no. 5) quoting the Shaare Teshuva 554:11 </ref> | # Even those who are more lenient on [[Yom Kippur]] and wear comfortable non leather shoes, should be more stringent on Tisha B’Av as we try to minimize comforts on Tisha B’Av as much as possible. <ref> Halichot Shlomo (ch. 15 no. 5) quoting the Shaare Teshuva 554:11 </ref> | ||
# Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. <ref> [http://www.ravaviner.com/2009/07/crocs-on-tisha-be-av.html Rav shlomo aviner] says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them. </ref> | # Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. <ref> [http://www.ravaviner.com/2009/07/crocs-on-tisha-be-av.html Rav shlomo aviner] says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them. </ref> | ||
==Anointing== | ==Anointing== | ||
# It is prohibited to anoint oneself for pleasure on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 554:15 </ref> | # It is prohibited to anoint oneself for pleasure on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 554:15 </ref> | ||
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# It is prohibited to have marital relations on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 554.1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577. </ref> | # It is prohibited to have marital relations on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 554.1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577. </ref> | ||
# Some poskim say that a husband and wife should be careful not to touch each other. <ref> Mishna Brurah 554:37 raises this possibility but allows for one to be lenient at least during the day, Aruch Hashulchan 554:17 and Taz 615:16 say that one need not be stringent in this at all. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 124:12 forbids physical contact both in the day and at night. Halichot Olam 2: page 153 permits handing items to your wife as long as she isn't a nidda as well as any of the other harchakot for a nidda as long as your wife isn't actually a nidda and even permits touching your wife. </ref> | # Some poskim say that a husband and wife should be careful not to touch each other. <ref> Mishna Brurah 554:37 raises this possibility but allows for one to be lenient at least during the day, Aruch Hashulchan 554:17 and Taz 615:16 say that one need not be stringent in this at all. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 124:12 forbids physical contact both in the day and at night. Halichot Olam 2: page 153 permits handing items to your wife as long as she isn't a nidda as well as any of the other harchakot for a nidda as long as your wife isn't actually a nidda and even permits touching your wife. </ref> | ||
==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv== | |||
# Some Ashkenazim have the minhag not to learn after mid-day on Erev Tisha BeAv (except for the things which one can learn on Tisha BeAv itself), while others allow learning all day. <Ref>Rama 553:2 records the custom to stop learning torah at midday of erev tisha b'av. Magen Avraham 553:7 agrees. However, Mishna Brura 553:8 and Aruch Hashulchan 553:4 challenge this custom </ref> For Sephardim, it is permissible to learn the entire day of Erev Tisha BeAv. <Ref> Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 248) </ref> | |||
==What one may learn on Tisha BeAv== | |||
# One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. <Ref>S”A 554:1-2 based on the pasuk in tehillim 19:9 פִּקּוּדֵי ה יְשָׁרִים, מְשַׂמְּחֵי-לֵב</ref> This applies to women as well. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 2:155:14 </ref> | |||
# Nevertheless, the obligation to set some time in the day for learning torah still exists. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 580 </ref> It is permissible to read Iyov, an explanation of Iyov, the sad parts of Yirmiyahu (prophesy about destruction and rebuke but not consolation or about destruction of the other nations), Midrash Eicha, an explanation of Eicha, the Gemara in the third perek of Moed Katan (which deals with the laws of [[mourning]], excluding the happy parts), <Ref>S”A 554:1-2, Mishna Brurah 554:2 </ref> the Gemara in Gittin and Sanhedrin which deal with the destruction of the Bet HaMikdash. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:3 </ref> | |||
# When learning the laws of [[mourning]] one may not go into the depth of halacha (with questions and answers). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4. On the other hand, Aruch Hashulchan 554:4 permits going into it deeply. </ref> | |||
# One may not even think of how to answer a serious difficulty in learning because one will feel satisfied when the matter is settled. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref> | |||
# It is permitted to pray the normal [[prayers]] even though it contains torah such as az yashir, eizehu mikoman, the [[korbanot]] etc. <ref> Sh"t Yabia Omer YD 4:32 </ref> | |||
==Prayer== | ==Prayer== | ||
# Although leather is not worn, some have the custom to say the beracha in birkot hashachar of "sheasa li ko tzorki." <ref> Mishna Brurah 554:31, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320), [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=951 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> Some say to omit it. <ref> Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series page 62; Ben Ish Hai Vayeshev: 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> | # Although leather is not worn, some have the custom to say the beracha in birkot hashachar of "sheasa li ko tzorki." <ref> Mishna Brurah 554:31, Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim pg 320), [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=951 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> Some say to omit it. <ref> Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series page 62; Ben Ish Hai Vayeshev: 9; Kaf Hachaim 46:17 </ref> | ||
# [[Tachanun]] is not recited on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 559:4 since Tisha B'Av is considered like a moed. Mishna Brurah 559:17 points out that this is based on the pasuk in Lamentations 1:15 קָרָא עָלַי מוֹעֵד </ref> | # [[Tachanun]] is not recited on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 559:4 since Tisha B'Av is considered like a moed. Mishna Brurah 559:17 points out that this is based on the pasuk in Lamentations 1:15 קָרָא עָלַי מוֹעֵד </ref> | ||
# One may recite keriat shema al hamita on Tisha B'av<ref> Rivivos Ephraim 1:380:4</ref> | |||
===Eicha=== | ===Eicha=== | ||
# The custom is to read the megilla of Eicha, Lamentations, on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 559:2, Masechet Sofrim 18:5, and Eicha Rabbah Parsha 3. Mishna Brurah 559:2 notes that although the prevalent tradition is read to Eicha at night, it is preferable to read Eicha privately during the daytime as well. </ref> Most recite it without a beracha.<ref>Rama 490:9, Teshuvot Harama 35. Beit Yosef 559, notes that common practice is to refrain from reciting the beracha of Al Mikra Megillah on all of the megillot with the exception of Megillat Esther. Magen Avraham 490:9, rules that one should recite a beracha on the reading any of the megillot (except Kohelet). Mishna Berurah 490:19 however, sides with the opinion of Rama that one should not recite a beracha on the megillot. However, he notes that one can justify the practice of reciting a beracha if the megillah is read from parchment. Maaseh Rav 175 records that the practice of the Gra was to read all of the megillot from parchment and to recite a beracha. see See Piskei Teshuvot 559:1 </ref> | # The custom is to read the megilla of Eicha, Lamentations, on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 559:2, Masechet Sofrim 18:5, and Eicha Rabbah Parsha 3. Mishna Brurah 559:2 notes that although the prevalent tradition is read to Eicha at night, it is preferable to read Eicha privately during the daytime as well. </ref> Most recite it without a beracha.<ref>Rama 490:9, Teshuvot Harama 35. Beit Yosef 559, notes that common practice is to refrain from reciting the beracha of Al Mikra Megillah on all of the megillot with the exception of Megillat Esther. Magen Avraham 490:9, rules that one should recite a beracha on the reading any of the megillot (except Kohelet). Mishna Berurah 490:19 however, sides with the opinion of Rama that one should not recite a beracha on the megillot. However, he notes that one can justify the practice of reciting a beracha if the megillah is read from parchment. Maaseh Rav 175 records that the practice of the Gra was to read all of the megillot from parchment and to recite a beracha. see See Piskei Teshuvot 559:1 </ref> | ||
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# Tefillin are worn during mincha on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 555:1 </ref> | # Tefillin are worn during mincha on Tisha B'av. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 555:1 </ref> | ||
# There is a discussion if one should recite keriat shema during mincha with tefillin. <ref> Mishna Brura 555:5 says that one should not. However, Rabbi Soloveitchik (Quoted by Rabbi Menachem Genack in Gan Shoshanim Chelek 1, 1:3) thought one should. </ref> | # There is a discussion if one should recite keriat shema during mincha with tefillin. <ref> Mishna Brura 555:5 says that one should not. However, Rabbi Soloveitchik (Quoted by Rabbi Menachem Genack in Gan Shoshanim Chelek 1, 1:3) thought one should. </ref> | ||
==Sitting on the Floor== | ==Sitting on the Floor== | ||
# During the evening of Tisha B'Av and the morning until chatzot (midday) sitting on a bench or chair is prohibited if it is three tefachim or higher. <ref>Rav Shimon Eider (Halachos of The Three Weeks) pg. 24.</ref> One may sit on a cushion or a low bench or chair. <ref> M.B. 559:11 </ref> | # During the evening of Tisha B'Av and the morning until chatzot (midday) sitting on a bench or chair is prohibited if it is three tefachim or higher. <ref>Rav Shimon Eider (Halachos of The Three Weeks) pg. 24.</ref> One may sit on a cushion or a low bench or chair. <ref> M.B. 559:11 </ref> | ||
