Tisha BeAv: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
restructure
(→Prayer: move tefillin to template) |
(restructure) |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
This article is specifically about the fast of the ninth of Av. To learn about any of the other fast days [[Fast Days|click here]]. | This article is specifically about the fast of the ninth of Av. To learn about any of the other fast days [[Fast Days|click here]]. | ||
==Fasting== | ==Fasting== | ||
===Who Should Fast?=== | |||
#It is forbidden for all men of bar mitzvah age and women of bat mitzvah age to partake in eating or drinking on the Tisha BeAv. The fast begins at shkiat hachamah of the 8th of Av and ends at Tzet Hakochavim of the 9th of Av. <ref>Mishna Brurah 554:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim p. 577), Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series. | #It is forbidden for all men of bar mitzvah age and women of bat mitzvah age to partake in eating or drinking on the Tisha BeAv. The fast begins at shkiat hachamah of the 8th of Av and ends at Tzet Hakochavim of the 9th of Av. <ref>Mishna Brurah 554:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim p. 577), Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series. | ||
*Tosfot (Megillah 5b s.v. vebikesh) and Ritva (Megillah 5b) imply that Tisha B'av is only derabbanan or a minhag. See, however, the Taz 554:4 who implies that it is Divrei Kabbalah, from the authority of the navi.</ref> | *Tosfot (Megillah 5b s.v. vebikesh) and Ritva (Megillah 5b) imply that Tisha B'av is only derabbanan or a minhag. See, however, the Taz 554:4 who implies that it is Divrei Kabbalah, from the authority of the navi.</ref> | ||
#A pregnant or nursing woman must fast on Tisha BeAv.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 554:5</ref>If the woman has a sickness which is Choleh Shein Bo Sakana, she doesn't have to fast. Yet, in these situations one should always ask an Orthodox Rabbi to assess the situation.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 554 (HaChayvim VeHitanot #1)</ref> | #A pregnant or nursing woman must fast on Tisha BeAv.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 554:5</ref>If the woman has a sickness which is Choleh Shein Bo Sakana, she doesn't have to fast. Yet, in these situations one should always ask an Orthodox Rabbi to assess the situation.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 554 (HaChayvim VeHitanot #1)</ref> | ||
#Some poskim say that if one is exempt from fasting on Tisha B'av, he need not eat in increments. <ref>Sh”t Maharam Shick 289 says that just like on [[Yom Kippur]] we say that if it will not increase the danger by eating in small increments (S”A 618:7), the same applies to Tisha B’av. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Nishmat Avraham 4 554:1), [[Shevet Halevi]] 4:46, and Tzitz Eliezer 10:25:16 disagree and say this isn’t necessary for Tisha B’av. </ref> However, one should not overindulge. <ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 554:5, Haghot Maimaniot Hilchot Taaniyot 1:8 </ref> | #Some poskim say that if one is exempt from fasting on Tisha B'av, he need not eat in increments. <ref>Sh”t Maharam Shick 289 says that just like on [[Yom Kippur]] we say that if it will not increase the danger by eating in small increments (S”A 618:7), the same applies to Tisha B’av. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Nishmat Avraham 4 554:1), [[Shevet Halevi]] 4:46, and Tzitz Eliezer 10:25:16 disagree and say this isn’t necessary for Tisha B’av. </ref> However, one should not overindulge. <ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 554:5, Haghot Maimaniot Hilchot Taaniyot 1:8 </ref> | ||
==Seuda Hamafseket== | ===Seuda Hamafseket=== | ||
#Some have the practice to declare "“This is the Tisha B'Av meal” when they eat the seuda hamafseket. <ref>The Mishna Brurah 552:16 suggests doing so based upon the practice of Rav in the Yerushalmi in Taanit 4:6 </ref> | #Some have the practice to declare "“This is the Tisha B'Av meal” when they eat the seuda hamafseket. <ref>The Mishna Brurah 552:16 suggests doing so based upon the practice of Rav in the Yerushalmi in Taanit 4:6 </ref> | ||
| Line 27: | Line 23: | ||
#Three men should not eat together in order to avoid being obligated in a zimun. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 552:8, Haghot Maimaniyot Hilchot Taaniyot 5:7:30 </ref> If they do sit together they should still not recite the zimmun. <ref>Mishna Brura 552:19 </ref> | #Three men should not eat together in order to avoid being obligated in a zimun. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 552:8, Haghot Maimaniyot Hilchot Taaniyot 5:7:30 </ref> If they do sit together they should still not recite the zimmun. <ref>Mishna Brura 552:19 </ref> | ||
==Brushing Teeth== | ===Brushing Teeth=== | ||
#One should refrain from brushing his teeth on Tisha B'av, unless not doing so causes tremendous distress. <ref>Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 4:109, Mikraei Kodesh by Rabbi Moshe Harari 4:4, Mishna Brura 567:11. </ref> | #One should refrain from brushing his teeth on Tisha B'av, unless not doing so causes tremendous distress. <ref>Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 4:109, Mikraei Kodesh by Rabbi Moshe Harari 4:4, Mishna Brura 567:11. </ref> | ||
#It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a [[Reviit]] of water. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series. see also Rav Shimon Eider’s Halachos of the Three Weeks pg. 19 where he suggests in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein that on Tisha B'Av it is forbidden to wash out one's mouth with mouthwash because of rechitza. </ref> | #It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a [[Reviit]] of water. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series. see also Rav Shimon Eider’s Halachos of the Three Weeks pg. 19 where he suggests in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein that on Tisha B'Av it is forbidden to wash out one's mouth with mouthwash because of rechitza. </ref> | ||
==Medications== | |||
===Medications=== | |||
# A person can take a capsule or bitter tasting pill or liquid medicine without water on Tisha B'av.<ref>Rav Eider in Halachos Of The Three Weeks p. 19</ref> | # A person can take a capsule or bitter tasting pill or liquid medicine without water on Tisha B'av.<ref>Rav Eider in Halachos Of The Three Weeks p. 19</ref> | ||
===When Does the Fast of Tisha Be'Av End=== | |||
#It is not necessary to wait until the tzet hakochavim according to Rabbeinu Tam to begin eating. <ref>Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 586 </ref> | |||
==Washing and Bathing== | ==Washing and Bathing== | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
#One should not go to the Mikveh on Tisha BeAv. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:8</ref> | #One should not go to the Mikveh on Tisha BeAv. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:8</ref> | ||
#If one's hands got dirty one may clean the dirty area. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:9</ref> | #If one's hands got dirty one may clean the dirty area. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:9</ref> | ||
==Anointing== | |||
#It is prohibited to anoint oneself for pleasure on Tisha B'av.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:15 </ref> | |||
#Although it is forbidden to anoint oneself on Tisha B'av, one may use deodorant.<ref>Rabbi Eider (Halachos Of The Three Weeks p. 22) and [http://www.torahmusings.com/2011/08/deodorant-on-tisha-bav/ Rabbi Gil Student] based on Biur Halachah 554:15 sv. sicha are lenient. See, however, Piskei Hahalachot (by R' Yair Yanay, 555:16) quotes Rav Elyashiv as forbidding deodorant on Tisha Be'av. [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/722652/rabbi-mordechai-i-willig/hilchos-tisha-b-av/ Rav Mordechai Willig (Hilchos Tisha B'av min 86)] is strict.</ref> | |||
#Women should not wear make-up on Tisha B'av.<ref>Rav Mordachi Eliyahu quoted in Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Tisha B’av 9:note 13 </ref> | |||
==Wearing Leather== | ==Wearing Leather== | ||
| Line 45: | Line 51: | ||
#Even those who are more lenient on [[Yom Kippur]] and wear comfortable non leather shoes, should be more stringent on Tisha B’Av as we try to minimize comforts on Tisha B’Av as much as possible. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (ch. 15 no. 5) quoting the Shaare Teshuva 554:11 </ref> | #Even those who are more lenient on [[Yom Kippur]] and wear comfortable non leather shoes, should be more stringent on Tisha B’Av as we try to minimize comforts on Tisha B’Av as much as possible. <ref>Halichot Shlomo (ch. 15 no. 5) quoting the Shaare Teshuva 554:11 </ref> | ||
#Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. <ref>[http://www.ravaviner.com/2009/07/crocs-on-tisha-be-av.html Rav shlomo aviner] says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them. </ref> | #Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. <ref>[http://www.ravaviner.com/2009/07/crocs-on-tisha-be-av.html Rav shlomo aviner] says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them. </ref> | ||
==Marital Relations== | ==Marital Relations== | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
# If the nature of the work is that not doing it on Tisha B'av will cause one a financial loss he may do it on Tisha B'av. When possible he should have a non-Jew do it or at least postponed until midday.<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 25</ref> | # If the nature of the work is that not doing it on Tisha B'av will cause one a financial loss he may do it on Tisha B'av. When possible he should have a non-Jew do it or at least postponed until midday.<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 25</ref> | ||
==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv== | ==Learning Torah== | ||
===Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv=== | |||
#Some Ashkenazim have the minhag not to learn after mid-day on Erev Tisha BeAv (except for the things which one can learn on Tisha BeAv itself), while others allow learning all day. <ref>Rama 553:2 records the custom to stop learning torah at midday of erev tisha b'av. Magen Avraham 553:7 agrees. However, Mishna Brura 553:8 and Aruch Hashulchan 553:4 challenge this custom </ref> For Sephardim, it is permissible to learn the entire day of Erev Tisha BeAv. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 248) </ref> | #Some Ashkenazim have the minhag not to learn after mid-day on Erev Tisha BeAv (except for the things which one can learn on Tisha BeAv itself), while others allow learning all day. <ref>Rama 553:2 records the custom to stop learning torah at midday of erev tisha b'av. Magen Avraham 553:7 agrees. However, Mishna Brura 553:8 and Aruch Hashulchan 553:4 challenge this custom </ref> For Sephardim, it is permissible to learn the entire day of Erev Tisha BeAv. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 248) </ref> | ||
==What one may learn on Tisha BeAv== | ===What one may learn on Tisha BeAv=== | ||
#One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. <ref>S”A 554:1-2 based on the pasuk in tehillim 19:9 פִּקּוּדֵי ה יְשָׁרִים, מְשַׂמְּחֵי-לֵב</ref> This applies to women as well. <ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 2:155:14 </ref> | #One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. <ref>S”A 554:1-2 based on the pasuk in tehillim 19:9 פִּקּוּדֵי ה יְשָׁרִים, מְשַׂמְּחֵי-לֵב</ref> This applies to women as well. <ref>Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 2:155:14 </ref> | ||
