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Tisha BeAv: Difference between revisions
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The fast of Tisha B’av is to commemorate five tragedies which occurred to the Jewish nation: 1. The Jews of the desert were told that they would not enter Eretz Yisrael following the sin of the spies. 2 The first Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 3. The second Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 4. Beitar, a city filled with over 10,000 Jews was captured and destroyed by the Romans during the Bar Kochva rebellion. 5. Turnus Rufus plowed the area of the heichal. <ref> Mishna Taanit 26b, Rambam Hilchot Taaniyot 5:3, Chayei Adam 133:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:5, Mishna Berura 549:2 </ref> This article is specifically about the fast of the ninth of Av. To learn about any of the other fast days [[Fast Days|click here]]. | The fast of Tisha B’av is to commemorate five tragedies which occurred to the Jewish nation: 1. The Jews of the desert were told that they would not enter Eretz Yisrael following the sin of the spies. 2 The first Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 3. The second Bet HaMikdash was destroyed. 4. Beitar, a city filled with over 10,000 Jews was captured and destroyed by the Romans during the Bar Kochva rebellion. 5. Turnus Rufus plowed the area of the heichal. <ref> Mishna Taanit 26b, Rambam Hilchot Taaniyot 5:3, Chayei Adam 133:5, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 121:5, Mishna Berura 549:2 </ref> This article is specifically about the fast of the ninth of Av. To learn about any of the other fast days [[Fast Days|click here]]. | ||
==Fasting== | ==Fasting== | ||
# It is forbidden for all men of bar mitzvah age and women of bat mitzvah age to partake in eating or drinking on the Tisha BeAv. The fast begins at shkiat hachamah of the 8th of Av and ends at Tzet Hakochavim of the 9th of Av. <ref>Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series, Mishna Berura 554:1. </ref> | # It is forbidden for all men of bar mitzvah age and women of bat mitzvah age to partake in eating or drinking on the Tisha BeAv. The fast begins at shkiat hachamah of the 8th of Av and ends at Tzet Hakochavim of the 9th of Av. <ref>Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series, Mishna Berura 554:1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577. </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a Reviit of water. <ref> Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series </ref> | # It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a Reviit of water. <ref> Halachot and History of The Three Weeks, The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series </ref> | ||
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# Some poskim say that if one is exempt from fasting on Tisha B'av, he need not eat in increments. <ref> Sh”t Maharam Shick 289 says that just like on Yom Kippur we say that if it will not increase the danger by eating in small increments (S”A 618:7), the same applies to Tisha B’av. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Nishmat Avraham 4 554:1), Shevet Halevi 4:46, and Tzitz Eliezer 10:25:16 disagree and say this isn’t necessary for Tisha B’av. </ref> However, one should not overindulge. <ref> S:A 554:5, Haghot Maimaniot Hilchot Taaniyot 1:8 </ref> | # Some poskim say that if one is exempt from fasting on Tisha B'av, he need not eat in increments. <ref> Sh”t Maharam Shick 289 says that just like on Yom Kippur we say that if it will not increase the danger by eating in small increments (S”A 618:7), the same applies to Tisha B’av. However, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Nishmat Avraham 4 554:1), Shevet Halevi 4:46, and Tzitz Eliezer 10:25:16 disagree and say this isn’t necessary for Tisha B’av. </ref> However, one should not overindulge. <ref> S:A 554:5, Haghot Maimaniot Hilchot Taaniyot 1:8 </ref> | ||
# A pregnant or nursing woman must fast on Tisha BeAv.<ref>S"A 554:5</ref>If the woman has a sickness which is Choleh Shein Bo Sakana, she doesn't have to fast. Yet, in these situations it's better to ask an Orthodox Rabbi to assess the situation.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 554 (HaChayvim VeHitanot #1)</ref> | # A pregnant or nursing woman must fast on Tisha BeAv.<ref>S"A 554:5</ref>If the woman has a sickness which is Choleh Shein Bo Sakana, she doesn't have to fast. Yet, in these situations it's better to ask an Orthodox Rabbi to assess the situation.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 554 (HaChayvim VeHitanot #1)</ref> | ||
==Seuda Hamafseket== | |||
# If one said explicitly that he will not be eating after the seuda hamefseket, he cannot continue eating even if it is before sunset. However, if he only had that in mind but didn't say it, he may continue eating. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577 </ref> | |||
==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv== | ==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv== | ||
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==What one may learn on Tisha BeAv== | ==What one may learn on Tisha BeAv== | ||
# One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. <Ref>S”A 554:1-2 </ref> | # One should not learn Torah on Tisha BeAv whether it’s Tanach, Midrash, Mishna, Gemara, Halacha, or Aggadata because Torah brings happiness to a person. <Ref>S”A 554:1-2 based on the pasuk in tehillim 19:9 פִּקּוּדֵי ה יְשָׁרִים, מְשַׂמְּחֵי-לֵב</ref> | ||
# | # Nevertheless, the obligation to set some time in the day for learning torah still exists. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 580 </ref> It is permissible to read Iyov, an explanation of Iyov, the sad parts of Yirmiyahu (prophesy about destruction and rebuke but not consolation or about destruction of the other nations), Midrash Eicha, an explanation of Eicha, the Gemara in the third perek of Moed Katan (which deals with the laws of mourning, excluding the happy parts), <Ref>S”A 554:1-2, Mishna Brurah 554:2 </ref> the Gemara in Gittin and Sanhedrin which deal with the destruction of the Bet HaMikdash. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:3 </ref> | ||
# When learning the laws of mourning one may not go into the depth of halacha (with questions and answers). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4. On the other hand, Aruch Hashulchan 554:4 permits going into it deeply. </ref> | # When learning the laws of mourning one may not go into the depth of halacha (with questions and answers). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4. On the other hand, Aruch Hashulchan 554:4 permits going into it deeply. </ref> | ||
# Even in the areas one is permitted to learn one should not learn in a deep analytical way. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref> | # Even in the areas one is permitted to learn one should not learn in a deep analytical way. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref> | ||
# One may not even think of how to answer a serious difficulty in learning because one will feel satisfied when the matter is settled. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref> | # One may not even think of how to answer a serious difficulty in learning because one will feel satisfied when the matter is settled. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 554:4 </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to pray the normal prayers even though it contains torah such as az yashir, eizehu mikoman, the korbanot etc. </ref> Sh"t Yabea Omer YD 4:32 </ref> | |||
==Eicha== | ==Eicha== | ||
# The custom is to read the megilla of Eicha, Lamentations, on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 559:2, Masechet Sofrim 18:5, and Eicha Rabbah Parsha 3. Mishna Berurah 559:2 notes that although the prevalent tradition is read to Eicha at night, it is preferable to read Eicha privately during the daytime as well. </ref> | # The custom is to read the megilla of Eicha, Lamentations, on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 559:2, Masechet Sofrim 18:5, and Eicha Rabbah Parsha 3. Mishna Berurah 559:2 notes that although the prevalent tradition is read to Eicha at night, it is preferable to read Eicha privately during the daytime as well. </ref> | ||
# Women are required to read the megilla of eicha as well. <ref> Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:250 says that since women are obligated in all other halachot of mourning on tisha b'av, they are also obligated halachos of aveilus of Tisha B'Av, they are also required to hear Eicha. He says that if they cannot make it to shul, they made read it on the floor in their own homes. </ref> | # Women are required to read the megilla of eicha as well. <ref> Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:250 says that since women are obligated in all other halachot of mourning on tisha b'av, they are also obligated halachos of aveilus of Tisha B'Av, they are also required to hear Eicha. He says that if they cannot make it to shul, they made read it on the floor in their own homes. </ref> | ||
==Aneinu== | ==Aneinu== | ||
# According to Sephardim, one recites aneinu at night on tisha b’av. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 536 </ref> | # According to Sephardim, one recites aneinu at night on tisha b’av. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 536 </ref> | ||
==Wearing Leather== | ==Wearing Leather== | ||
# It is prohibited to wear leather shoes on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 554:1 and 554:16. Kitzur S"A 124:11, Aruch Hashulchan 554:16, Mishna Berura 554:30 say that although shoes made of other materials cover and protect the feet, they are not called a "minal" and therefore aren't part of the prohibition. </ref> | # It is prohibited to wear leather shoes on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 554:1 and 554:16, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577. Kitzur S"A 124:11, Aruch Hashulchan 554:16, Mishna Berura 554:30 say that although shoes made of other materials cover and protect the feet, they are not called a "minal" and therefore aren't part of the prohibition. </ref> | ||
# Even those who are more lenient on Yom Kippur and wear comfortable non leather shoes, should be more stringent on Tisha B’Av as we try to minimize comforts on Tisha B’Av as much as possible. <ref> Halichot Shlomo 15:footnote 5 quoting the Shaare Teshuva 554:11 </ref> | # Even those who are more lenient on Yom Kippur and wear comfortable non leather shoes, should be more stringent on Tisha B’Av as we try to minimize comforts on Tisha B’Av as much as possible. <ref> Halichot Shlomo 15:footnote 5 quoting the Shaare Teshuva 554:11 </ref> | ||
# Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. <ref> [http://www.ravaviner.com/2009/07/crocs-on-tisha-be-av.html Rav shlomo aviner] says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them. </ref> | # Some poskim permit wearing crocs, while others prohibit them. <ref> [http://www.ravaviner.com/2009/07/crocs-on-tisha-be-av.html Rav shlomo aviner] says that since crocs are comfortable shoes even though they aren’t leather some, it is better not to wear them, but whoever does has on who to rely. http://matzav.com/rav-elyashiv-crocs-not-permitted-footwear-on-tisha-bav quotes that this is the ruling of Rav Moshe Shternbuch, Rav Nissim Karelitz as well. However, it also quotes Rav Elyashiv that it Is prohibited to wear them. </ref> | ||
==Marital Relations== | ==Marital Relations== | ||
# It is prohibited to have marital relations on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 554.1. </ref> | # It is prohibited to have marital relations on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 554.1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577. </ref> | ||
# Some poskim say that a husband and wife should be careful not to touch each other. <ref> Mishna Berura 554:37 raises this possibility but allows for one to be lenient at least during the day, Aruch Hashulchan 554:17 and Taz 615:16 say that one need not be stringent in this at all. Kitzur S"A 124:12 forbids physical contact both in the day and at night. </ref> | # Some poskim say that a husband and wife should be careful not to touch each other. <ref> Mishna Berura 554:37 raises this possibility but allows for one to be lenient at least during the day, Aruch Hashulchan 554:17 and Taz 615:16 say that one need not be stringent in this at all. Kitzur S"A 124:12 forbids physical contact both in the day and at night. Halichot Olam 2: page 153 permits handing items to your wife as long as she isn't a nidda as well as any of the other harchakot for a nidda as long as your wife isn't actually a nidda and even permits touching your wife. </ref> | ||
==Other Halachot== | ==Other Halachot== | ||
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# The minhag is not to put on Tefillin for Shacharit of Tisha BeAv and only put it on for Mincha.<ref>S"A 551:1</ref> | # The minhag is not to put on Tefillin for Shacharit of Tisha BeAv and only put it on for Mincha.<ref>S"A 551:1</ref> | ||
# [[Tachanun]] is not recited on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 559:4 since Tisha B'Av is considered like a moed. Mishna Berura 559:17 points out that this is based on the pasuk in Lamentations 1:15 קָרָא עָלַי מוֹעֵד </ref> | # [[Tachanun]] is not recited on Tisha B'av. <ref> S"A 559:4 since Tisha B'Av is considered like a moed. Mishna Berura 559:17 points out that this is based on the pasuk in Lamentations 1:15 קָרָא עָלַי מוֹעֵד </ref> | ||
# One should not smoke on Tisha b'av. However, if someone really needs to and it will cause them great pain if they don't then they may smoke at home in private, but shouldn't do so in public. <ref> Sh"t Yabea Omer 1:31, Yechave Daat 5:39 </ref> | |||
==Mourning practices on the tenth of Av== | ==Mourning practices on the tenth of Av== | ||
