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Tisha BeAv: Difference between revisions
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==Brushing Teeth== | ==Brushing Teeth== | ||
#One should refrain from brushing his teeth on Tisha B'av, unless not doing so causes tremendous distress. <ref>Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 4:109, Mikraei Kodesh by Rabbi Moshe Harari 4:4, Mishna Brura 567:11 </ref> | #One should refrain from brushing his teeth on Tisha B'av, unless not doing so causes tremendous distress. <ref>Sh"t Minchat Yitzchak 4:109, Mikraei Kodesh by Rabbi Moshe Harari 4:4, Mishna Brura 567:11. </ref> | ||
#It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a [[Reviit]] of water. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series. see also Rav Shimon Eider’s Halachos of the Three Weeks pg. 19 where he suggests in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein that on Tisha B'Av it is forbidden to wash out one's mouth because of rechitza. </ref> | #It is forbidden for one to rinse out his/her mouth on Tisha BeAv; although, if one must they may rinse out their mouth with less than a [[Reviit]] of water. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series. see also Rav Shimon Eider’s Halachos of the Three Weeks pg. 19 where he suggests in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein that on Tisha B'Av it is forbidden to wash out one's mouth with mouthwash because of rechitza. </ref> | ||
# | ==Medications== | ||
# A person can take a capsule or bitter tasting pill or liquid medicine without water on Tisha B'av.<ref>Rav Eider in Halachos Of The Three Weeks p. 19</ref> | |||
==Washing and Bathing== | ==Washing and Bathing== | ||
#It is forbidden to wash or bathe oneself in cold or hot water. Even sticking one's finger in water is forbidden.<ref>Shulchan Aruch | #It is forbidden to wash or bathe oneself in cold or hot water. Even sticking one's finger in water is forbidden.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:7</ref> | ||
#One should not go to the Mikveh on Tisha BeAv. <ref>Shulchan Aruch | #One should not go to the Mikveh on Tisha BeAv. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:8</ref> | ||
#If one's hands got dirty one may clean the dirty area. <ref>Shulchan Aruch | #If one's hands got dirty one may clean the dirty area. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:9</ref> | ||
==Wearing Leather== | ==Wearing Leather== | ||
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#It is prohibited to anoint oneself for pleasure on Tisha B'av. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:15 </ref> | #It is prohibited to anoint oneself for pleasure on Tisha B'av. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554:15 </ref> | ||
#Although it is forbidden to anoint oneself on Tisha B'av, one may use deodorant. <ref>Rabbi Eider (Halachos Of The Three Weeks p. 22) and [http://www.torahmusings.com/2011/08/deodorant-on-tisha-bav/ Rabbi Gil Student] based on Biur Halachah 554:15 sv. sicha are lenient. See, however, Piskei Hahalachot (by R' Yair Yanay, 555:16) quotes Rav Elyashiv as forbidding deodorant on Tisha Be'av. [ | #Although it is forbidden to anoint oneself on Tisha B'av, one may use deodorant. <ref>Rabbi Eider (Halachos Of The Three Weeks p. 22) and [http://www.torahmusings.com/2011/08/deodorant-on-tisha-bav/ Rabbi Gil Student] based on Biur Halachah 554:15 sv. sicha are lenient. See, however, Piskei Hahalachot (by R' Yair Yanay, 555:16) quotes Rav Elyashiv as forbidding deodorant on Tisha Be'av. [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/722652/rabbi-mordechai-i-willig/hilchos-tisha-b-av/ Rav Mordechai Willig (Hilchos Tisha B'av min 86)] is strict.</ref> | ||
#Women should not wear make-up on Tisha B'av <ref>Rav Mordachi Eliyahu quoted in Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Tisha B’av 9:note 13 </ref> | #Women should not wear make-up on Tisha B'av <ref>Rav Mordachi Eliyahu quoted in Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Tisha B’av 9:note 13 </ref> | ||
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#It is prohibited to have marital relations on Tisha B'av. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554.1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577. </ref> | #It is prohibited to have marital relations on Tisha B'av. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 554.1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 577. </ref> | ||
#Some poskim say that a husband and wife should be careful not to touch each other. <ref>Mishna Brurah 554:37 raises this possibility but allows for one to be lenient at least during the day, Aruch Hashulchan 554:17 and Taz 615:16 say that one need not be stringent in this at all. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 124:12 forbids physical contact both in the day and at night. Halichot Olam 2: page 153 permits handing items to your wife as long as she isn't a nidda as well as any of the other harchakot for a nidda as long as your wife isn't actually a nidda and even permits touching your wife. </ref> | #Some poskim say that a husband and wife should be careful not to touch each other. <ref>Mishna Brurah 554:37 raises this possibility but allows for one to be lenient at least during the day, Aruch Hashulchan 554:17 and Taz 615:16 say that one need not be stringent in this at all. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 124:12 forbids physical contact both in the day and at night. Halichot Olam 2: page 153 permits handing items to your wife as long as she isn't a nidda as well as any of the other harchakot for a nidda as long as your wife isn't actually a nidda and even permits touching your wife. </ref> | ||
==Working on Tisha B'Av== | |||
# The minhag is not to engage in any work which takes time to do during the night of Tisha B'av or the morning until midday so as not to divert one's attention from the mourning. This includes housework like sweeping.<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 25</ref> | |||
# It is permitted to have a non-Jew work for you on Tisha B'av as long as it isn't something public like building or painting a house.<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 25</ref> | |||
# If the nature of the work is that not doing it on Tisha B'av will cause one a financial loss he may do it on Tisha B'av. When possible he should have a non-Jew do it or at least postponed until midday.<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 25</ref> | |||
==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv== | ==Learning on Erev Tisha BeAv== | ||
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===Nachem=== | ===Nachem=== | ||
#On Tisha B’Av, we add in the Shemoneh Esreh a prayer for the rebuilding of Jerusalem, which begins with the word nachem. Some have the custom to insert the beracha of nachem into the beracha of tishkon bitoch yerushalayim (v'lyerushalayim ircha for ashkenazim) only during mincha. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2732 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> The minhag in Yerushalayim is to recite Nachem in all the prayers of Tisha B'av. <ref>Sh" | #On Tisha B’Av, we add in the Shemoneh Esreh a prayer for the rebuilding of Jerusalem, which begins with the word nachem. Some have the custom to insert the beracha of nachem into the beracha of tishkon bitoch yerushalayim (v'lyerushalayim ircha for ashkenazim) only during mincha. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2732 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> The Sephardic minhag in Yerushalayim is to recite Nachem in all the prayers of Tisha B'av. <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:44, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim, Hilchot Tisha Bav no. 19) </ref> | ||
#If one forgot to recite nachem during the amida and only remembered after finishing, he should not go back and recite the amida again. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2732 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | #If one forgot to recite nachem during the amida and only remembered after finishing, he should not go back and recite the amida again. <ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2732 Rabbi Eli Mansour] </ref> | ||
#Despite the continued construction of the city of Yerushalayim, the text of Nachem may not be changed because the Makom Hamikdash is still in ruins and the spirituality of the city is still lacking <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:43 </ref> | #Despite the continued construction of the city of Yerushalayim, the text of Nachem may not be changed because the Makom Hamikdash is still in ruins and the spirituality of the city is still lacking <ref>Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:43 </ref> | ||
#Everyone says Nachem even someone who isn't fasting.<ref>Nitai Gavriel Ben Hametzarim v. 2 85:17, http://din.org.il/2013/07/15/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA-%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D-%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%91/</ref> | |||
===Tefillin=== | ===Tefillin=== | ||
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#Some of the [[mourning]] for the beit hamikdash extends beyond tisha b'av until the tenth of av because although the fires started burning on tisha b'av, most of the burning actually took place on the tenth <ref>gemara Taanit 29a, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 558:1 </ref> | #Some of the [[mourning]] for the beit hamikdash extends beyond tisha b'av until the tenth of av because although the fires started burning on tisha b'av, most of the burning actually took place on the tenth <ref>gemara Taanit 29a, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 558:1 </ref> | ||
#According to Ashkenazim one may not eat meat, launder clothing, bathe, take haircuts until mid-day of the tenth of Av. <ref>Rama 558:1, Mishna Brurah 558:3 based on Shu"t Maharshal 92. Under extenuating circumstances, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchata 42:16 and Piskei Teshuvot 558:2 allow one to do laundry immediately after the first. Additionally, Sh"t Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:260 allows one to shower if necessary right after tisha b'av </ref> According to Sephardim one may not eat meat or drink wine until sunset of the tenth of Av <ref>Shulchan Aruch 558:1, Kaf HaChaim 558:10, Shaare Teshuva 558:2. </ref> It is permitted though to shower, do laundry, or take haircuts. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series page 66, Sh"t Yechave Daat 5:41. However, it is important to note that the Kaf HaChaim 558:6 quotes the stringent opinion without arguing. This opinion is cited by HaRav Mordechai Eliyahu in Hilchot Chagim 29:3. See also [http://ph.yhb.org.il/05-10-19/ Peninei Halakha] especially footnote 1 who makes the same observation that even among Sephardic poskim there are many different opinions. </ref> | #According to Ashkenazim one may not eat meat, launder clothing, bathe, take haircuts, or listen to music<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 32</ref> until mid-day of the tenth of Av. <ref>Rama 558:1, Mishna Brurah 558:3 based on Shu"t Maharshal 92. Under extenuating circumstances, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchata 42:16 and Piskei Teshuvot 558:2 allow one to do laundry immediately after the first. Additionally, Sh"t Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:260 allows one to shower if necessary right after tisha b'av </ref> According to Sephardim one may not eat meat or drink wine until sunset of the tenth of Av <ref>Shulchan Aruch 558:1, Kaf HaChaim 558:10, Shaare Teshuva 558:2. </ref> It is permitted though to shower, do laundry, or take haircuts. <ref>Halachot and History of The [[Three Weeks]], The Akkad Edition, Congregation Shaare Rahamim Halachot Series page 66, Sh"t Yechave Daat 5:41. However, it is important to note that the Kaf HaChaim 558:6 quotes the stringent opinion without arguing. This opinion is cited by HaRav Mordechai Eliyahu in Hilchot Chagim 29:3. See also [http://ph.yhb.org.il/05-10-19/ Peninei Halakha] especially footnote 1 who makes the same observation that even among Sephardic poskim there are many different opinions. </ref> | ||
#If Tisha | #If Tisha B'av falls out on [[shabbat]] and is pushed to Sunday everything is permitted right after the fast except for eating meat and drinking wine. <ref>Rama OC 558:1. Mishna Brurah 558:3 and Kaf Hachaim OC 558:7 add that some refrain from marital relations on that night unless it is the night of tevila </ref> | ||
#If Tisha B'av falls out on Shabbat and is pushed off to Sunday it is permitted to listen to music right after the fast on Motzei Tisha B’av.<ref>Shaar Hatziyun (558:4), Piskei Teshuvot 558:3</ref> | |||
==When Tisha BeAv falls out on Shabbat== | ==When Tisha BeAv falls out on Shabbat or Sunday== | ||
===Prohibitions on Shabbat=== | |||
#If Tisha B'av falls out on Shabbat, it is pushed off until Sunday and everything that would be forbidden on Tisha B'av is permitted on Shabbat. <ref> | #If Tisha B'av falls out on Shabbat, it is pushed off until Sunday and everything that would be forbidden on Tisha B'av is permitted on Shabbat. <ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 554:19, Kaf HaChaim 554:86, Yalkut Yosef 556:1</ref> According to Ashkenazim, some hold that relations are forbidden on Shabbat which is Tisha B'av unless it is her tevilah night.<ref>Rama 554:19. Mishna Brurah 554:40 writes that one can rely on the achronim who hold it is permitted if it is her tevilah night. </ref> On the other hand, according to Sepharadim, relations are permitted on Shabbat.<ref>Yalkut Yosef, Kitzur S"A, Volume 2, 556:1</ref> | ||
#If Tisha B'av falls out on Shabbat and is pushed off to Sunday, one may eat meat or drink wine on Monday. <ref>Rama 558:1, Halachos of the Three Weeks page 32. </ref> According to some poskim, one may even eat meat on Sunday night. <ref>Although the Rama writes that one should not eat meat on Sunday night in such a situation, Rabbi Meir Mazuz in the Ish Matzliach footnotes on the | #If Tisha B'av falls out on Shabbat and is pushed off to Sunday, one may eat meat or drink wine on Monday day and not Sunday night. <ref>Rama 558:1, Halachos of the Three Weeks page 32. </ref> According to some poskim, one may even eat meat on Sunday night. <ref>Although the Rama writes that one should not eat meat on Sunday night in such a situation, Rabbi Meir Mazuz in the Ish Matzliach footnotes on the Mishna Brurah note 1, writes that some poskim are lenient. </ref> | ||
# If Tisha B'av falls out on Shabbat and is pushed off to Sunday bathing and haircuts are permitted Sunday night.<ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 32 citing Mishna Brurah 558:4</ref> Some say that one shouldn't listen to music until the next day. <ref>Halachos of the Three Weeks p. 32</ref> Others hold that music is permitted even at night.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 558:3 based on Shaar Hatziyun 558:4 writes that it is permitted to listen to music Sunday night after Tisha B'av since Tisha B'av was delayed. He does quotes Rav Yechiel Michel Tukachinsky and Shevet Hakehati 4:153 who were strict.</ref> | |||
# If Tisha B'av falls out on Shabbat some say that one shouldn't have meals with meals with other friends, while others are lenient if you regularly have such meals.<ref>Mishna Brurah 552:23 writes that the Magen Avraham holds that one shouldn't have meals with friends on Shabbat when it is Tisha Bav, however, the Bechor Shor argues that if one usually has such meals one shouldn't desist.</ref> | |||
#One may, get a haircut or do laundry immediately on Sunday night. <ref>Mishna Berura 558:4, Nitei Gavriel pg. 553 </ref> | |||
#If Tisha BeAv falls out on Shabbat and is pushed off until Sunday, according to Sephardim, a pregnant woman or woman who is nursing may eat on the fast day. Nonetheless, they should not eat for pleasure.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Arba Tzomot, p. 60)</ref> | #If Tisha BeAv falls out on Shabbat and is pushed off until Sunday, according to Sephardim, a pregnant woman or woman who is nursing may eat on the fast day. Nonetheless, they should not eat for pleasure.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Arba Tzomot, p. 60)</ref> | ||
# | #If Tisha Beav falls out on Shabbat and is pushed off to Sunday then there is a dispute among the poskim as to whether or not a boy who becomes Bar Mitzvah on the 10th of Av is required to fast.<ref>Yalkut Yosef, Kitzur S"A, Volume 2, 556:9.</ref> | ||
===Havdala on Motzaei Shabbat=== | |||
#If Tisha BeAv falls out on [[Shabbat]] and is pushed off to Sunday, the bracha of Boreh Meorei HaEsh upon a fire is made on [[Motzei Shabbat]] before the reading of Eicha (while Boreh Mineh/Isbeh/Atzeh Besamim is omitted<ref>Yalkut Yosef, Kitzur S"A, Volume 2, 556:6.</ref>), however, the bracha of [[Havdalah]] on a cup of wine is delayed until after Tisha BeAv, Sunday night. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 556:1. Mishna Brurah 556:3 adds that an adult can drink this wine. Yalkut Yosef, Kitzur S"A, Volume 2, 556:8, Yabia Omer, Volume 6, 48:13. </ref> An adult who is exempt from fasting should recite [[Havdalah]] on [[Motzei Shabbat]] before eating.<ref>[http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2361 Rabbi Mansour on Dailyhalacha.com] quoting Yechave Daat 3:40, Chazon Ovadia (Arba Tzomot, p. 352), Yalkut Yosef, Kitzur S"A, Volume 2, 556:7. Birkei Yosef OC 556:2. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 62:45 writes that Birkei Yosef's ruling only applies to adults who are too ill to fast but a child should not recite [[havdala]] himself then, but should wait until after tisha b'av. See also Az Nidbaru 6:53:4 and Rivevot Efraim 3:371. </ref> One may fulfill his/her obligation to recite Havdalah even through someone who is permitted to eat on Tisha BeAv.<ref>Yalkut Yosef, Kitzur S"A, Volume 2, 556:7.</ref> | |||
#If one needs to eat on Tisha B'av that falls out on Sunday must recite Havdalah beforehand but they should wait until they need to eat to recite Havdalah and not say it immediately Saturday night unless they need to eat then.<ref>Yachava Daat 3:40 in the footnote writes that even though the Knesset Hagedola says that someone eating on Tisha B'av that falls out on Sunday should recite Havdalah before they eat on Saturday night doesn't mean that they need to recite Havdalah Saturday night, but rather they should wait until they need to eat and then recite Havdalah.</ref> | |||
==When Tisha BeAv falls out on Sunday== | ===When Tisha BeAv falls out on Sunday=== | ||
#If Tisha BeAv falls out on Sunday, one doesn't say Tzidkatcha at [[mincha]] of [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 559:1, Yalkut Yosef 556:3</ref> | #If Tisha BeAv falls out on Sunday, one doesn't say Tzidkatcha at [[mincha]] of [[Shabbat]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 559:1, Yalkut Yosef 556:3</ref> | ||
#If Tisha BeAv falls out on Sunday, one may learn Torah on [[Shabbat]] after [[Chatzot]] but it's preferable to learn the halachot of Tisha BeAv.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 556:2</ref> | #If Tisha BeAv falls out on Sunday, one may learn Torah on [[Shabbat]] after [[Chatzot]] but it's preferable to learn the halachot of Tisha BeAv.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 556:2</ref> | ||
#Even if one forgot to recite [[havdala]] in the shemoneh esrei, he doesn't repeat it but rather recites the words baruch hamavdil bein kodesh lichol. <ref>Mishna Brurah 556:2 </ref> | #Even if one forgot to recite [[havdala]] in the shemoneh esrei, he doesn't repeat it but rather recites the words baruch hamavdil bein kodesh lichol. <ref>Mishna Brurah 556:2 </ref> | ||
#Although seudat shlishit is the seudat hamafseket before the fast, one should eat a regular meal. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 552:10 based on taanit 29b that says one may make a meal as extravagant as he pleases on the [[shabbat]] of the eighth or ninth of av. Mishna Brurah 552:23 adds though that although we cannot publicly display [[mourning]] on [[Shabbat]] one's mood should at least somewhat reflect the time. </ref> The meal must be finished before sunset. <ref>Rama 552:10 </ref> One may sit on chairs<ref>Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Tisha B'av 10:7</ref> and a zimmun can be made.<ref>Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Tisha B'av 10:9</ref> | #Although seudat shlishit is the seudat hamafseket before the fast, one should eat a regular meal. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 552:10 based on taanit 29b that says one may make a meal as extravagant as he pleases on the [[shabbat]] of the eighth or ninth of av. Mishna Brurah 552:23 adds though that although we cannot publicly display [[mourning]] on [[Shabbat]] one's mood should at least somewhat reflect the time. </ref> The meal must be finished before sunset. <ref>Rama 552:10 </ref> One may sit on chairs<ref>Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Tisha B'av 10:7</ref> and a zimmun can be made.<ref>Mikraei Kodesh Hilchot Tisha B'av 10:9</ref> | ||
