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Three Weeks: Difference between revisions
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# According to Ashkenazim it’s forbidden to cut one’s hair for the entire three weeks, however, according to Sephardim one can’t cut hair until the week of Tisha BeAv. <Ref> The Gemara in Taanit 26b says that one shouldn’t cut one’s hair the week of Tisha BeAv. This Gemara is brought as Halacha by the Rambam (Taaniot 5:6). The Ramban (Torat HaAdam (Aveilut Yishana pg 246) explains that this isser applies to all hair on the body except the moustache if it interferes with eating. The Tur and S”A 551:3,12-13 rule like the Ramban that during the week of Tisha BeAv one is forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body except if there’s facial hair interfering with eating. However, Rama 551:4 rules that Ashkenazim should be strict not to cut hair all three weeks like the Sefer Minhagim (pg 74).</ref> | # According to Ashkenazim it’s forbidden to cut one’s hair for the entire three weeks, however, according to Sephardim one can’t cut hair until the week of Tisha BeAv. <Ref> The Gemara in Taanit 26b says that one shouldn’t cut one’s hair the week of Tisha BeAv. This Gemara is brought as Halacha by the Rambam (Taaniot 5:6). The Ramban (Torat HaAdam (Aveilut Yishana pg 246) explains that this isser applies to all hair on the body except the moustache if it interferes with eating. The Tur and S”A 551:3,12-13 rule like the Ramban that during the week of Tisha BeAv one is forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body except if there’s facial hair interfering with eating. However, Rama 551:4 rules that Ashkenazim should be strict not to cut hair all three weeks like the Sefer Minhagim (pg 74).</ref> | ||
# For Sephardim it’s permitted to take a hair cut during the three weeks even a Sephardic Yeshiva Bachur in a Ashkenazi Yeshiva. <Ref>Sh”t Yechave Daat 4:36, 3:39, Sh”t Yabea Omer 3:31:5, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 551(2):11) </ref> | # For Sephardim it’s permitted to take a hair cut during the three weeks even a Sephardic Yeshiva Bachur in a Ashkenazi Yeshiva. <Ref>Sh”t Yechave Daat 4:36, 3:39, Sh”t Yabea Omer 3:31:5, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 551(2):11) </ref> | ||
==Shaving== | |||
# There is a general prohibition of shaving during the three weeks just like hair cuts, however are several leniencies such as a person who shaves everyday, shaving for work, shaving for Kavod Shabbat. A person should follow his father’s minhag or ask his local Rabbi for guidance. <ref> | |||
Since S”A 551:12 rules that it’s forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body during the week of Tisha BeAv as a din from the Gemara it would seem clear that it’s forbidden to shave during the week of Tisha BeAv. Additionally, Ashkenazim who follow the Rama shouldn’t be able to shave during the entire three weeks as Rama 551:4 writes that the minhagim of the week of Tisha BeAv apply to the entire three weeks. However, there are several leniencies in the Achronim. | |||
* (1) Shaving Regularly: Magan Avraham 551:14 explains that the reason the Rama is strict by cutting hair all three week and is lenient by washing clothes (that it should only begin from Rosh Chodesh Av) is because it wasn’t common to cut hair every week. This Magan Avraham is brought by the Achronim including the Chaye Adam 133:17, and Mishna Brurah 551:32. Additionally, Aruch HaShulchan 551:16 explains that it takes 3 weeks of not cutting hair to make it recognizable that one is in mourning. Based on this, Shearim Metzuyim BeHalacha 122:5 says that those who usually shave every 2-3 days should be able to shave since for them it’s just like washing clothes. Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah (Vol Arba Taniot pg 162) based on this M”A says that seemingly, Ashkenazim should be allowed to shave for Kavod Shabbat prior to the week of Tisha BeAv. However, Sh”t Shaar Zekenim pg 88a (quoted by Kaf HaChaim 551:65), Shivilei Dovid 551:4, and Rav Vozner in Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 10:81:3 reject this leniency based on the minhag to be strict for all circumstances. | |||
* (2) Uncomfortable: (a) Rabbi Elazar Melamed in Peninei Halacha (zmanim pg 154-5) writes that if a person shaves everyday it’s very uncomfortable not to shave and it’s similar to S”A 551:13 that permits shaving a moustache that interferes with eating. (b)Rav Solavatchik (quoted by Nefesh HaRav, Rav Shechter pg 191) compared the three weeks to the Avielut of a year, the week of Tisha BeAv (or according to Ashkenazim, from Rosh Chodesh) compares to the Avielut of Shloshim, and Tisha BeAv itself is like Avielut of Shiva. Accordingly, Rav Shechter writes that one who regularly shaves everyday would be allowed to shave everyday until Rosh Chodesh Av. (Rav Shechter supports this comparison from Sh”t Panim Meirot 3:37e, and goes so far as to question Sh”t Igrot Moshe Y”D 2:137 who compares the week of Tisha BeAv to Avielut of Shiva.) | |||
* (3) Shaving Specifically: Seemingly, from S”A 551:12 all bodily hair can’t be cut including shaving a beard. However, Sh”t Chatom Sofer Y”D 348 D”H VeIy Galach writes that the entire prohibition only applies to cutting one’s hair but the poskim never spoke about shaving facial hair. This chiluk is also made by the Sh”t Nodeh BeYehuda O”C 14. Shearim Metsuyim BeHalacha 122:5 brings these achronim as halacha for someone who needs to shave for work. | |||
* (4) Monetary loss: (a)Sh”t Maharam Shik Y”D 371 writes that there is what to defend those who it’s difficult to do business with important people without shaving and during the year they regularly shave every 2-3 days to continue in the three weeks until the week of Tisha BeAv. (b) Sh”t Igrot Moshe C”M 1:93, O”C 4:102, 5:24:9 writes that by loosing a business deal or customers that will effect one’s income after Tisha BeAv, one can shave until the week of Tisha BeAv, but during the week of Tisha BeAv itself it’s only permissible to shave if one will not be able to make an income after Tisha BeAv or without working one needs to borrow money and it’s difficult to find someone to borrow from). (c) Maadenei Shlomo pg 51 brings Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who says that if there’s a chance you’ll loose you’re job you can shave (even during the week of Tisha BeAv). Halichot Shlomo pg 414 brings Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach who says that it’s permissible for a person who is endanger of loosing a lot of money or his job may shave during the three weeks. (d)Shearim Metsuyim BeHalacha brings the Taz 551:1 (brought by Mishna Brurah 551:12) that says nowadays we don’t decrease our business activity during this time since we have to pay government taxes and all income is included in our Parnasa and therefore here too if there’s a chance of losing Parnasa that can be considered a concern of loss of money. | |||
* (4) Kavod Shabbat: (a) Magan Avraham writes that the prohibition of cutting hair applies even for Kavod Shabbat. Yet, Pri Megadim (A”A 551:14) writes that according to Rama one can shave in honor of Shabbat until Rosh Chodesh Av. However, Mateh Yehuda 551:4 writes that even in honor of Shabbat one can’t shave during the three weeks. (b) On this dispute, Kaf HaChaim 551:66 writes that in this regard in depends on the minhag of the place (to follow the Pri Megadim or not), and Rabbi Moshe Karp in Hilchot UMinhagei Ben HaMeysarim (pg 25) writes that the Pri Megadim was more in line with minhag Ashkenaz than the Mateh Yehuda and there’s a lot to rely on to follow Pri Megadim. (c) Even on the original position of the Magan Avraham, the Hagot Rabbi Akiva Eiger, and Mishna Brurah (Buir Halacha 551:3 D”H VeChen) based on Tosfot Tanit and the Yerushalmi argue (Mishna Brurah leaves it as a Tzarich Iyun Gadol) that for Kavod Shabbat cutting hair is permitted even for Shabbat Chazon. However, the Rishonim themselves don’t all agree with Tosfot including the Kol Bo (quoted in bet Yosef 551:4) who wouldn’t shave before Shabbat chazon and Bet Yosef who argues on Tosfot that it’s impossible to think that it’s permissible to cut hair on Tisha BeAv for kavod Shabbat. (d) Sh”t Ner Ezra (vol 2 pg 155-8) concludes that one can be lenient to shave for Kavod Shabbat and quotes Rav Aharon Lichtenstein who agrees. (e)Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Sh”t Yabea Omer 3:31:5; Chazon Ovadyah pg 162) writes that there is what to rely on to shave Friday of Shabbat Chazon if their beard is uncomfortable, and certainly there’s what to rely on for Ashkenazim to shave for Kavod Shabbat during the rest of the three weeks. (5) Minhag: Rabbi Robinowitz (quoted in Peninei Halacha by 156) says that a person should follow the minhag of his father so as not to appear more lenient or strict that his father. </ref> | |||
==Dancing== | ==Dancing== | ||
