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Three Weeks: Difference between revisions
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==When does the Three Weeks begin?== | ==When does the Three Weeks begin?== | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag is to begin mourning from the fast of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. <ref> Rama 551:2 and 4</ref> Many authorities hold that the practices of mourning begin from the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (before the actual fast begins). <ref> | # The Ashkenazic minhag is to begin mourning from the fast of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. <ref> Rama 551:2 and 4</ref> Many authorities hold that the practices of mourning begin from the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (before the actual fast begins). <ref> | ||
* The Chida in Sh"t Chaim Sha’al 1:24 writes that one may not make [[Shehecheyanu]] the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Kaf Hachaim 551:207 agrees. Tzitz Eliezer 10:26 maintains that the one may not make a wedding the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz and bases it on the ruling of the Chida not to say | * The Chida in Sh"t Chaim Sha’al 1:24 writes that one may not make [[Shehecheyanu]] the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Kaf Hachaim 551:207 agrees. Tzitz Eliezer 10:26 maintains that the one may not make a wedding the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz and bases it on the ruling of the Chida not to say [[Shehecheyanu]] from the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. He add that according to some achronim the night of the 17th of tammuz is as strict as the Nine Days. In regards to weddings the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz, Eshel Avraham Mebutchatch OC 551, Nitai Gavriel (Ben HaMetzarim, vol 1, 14:5), Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2, 18:5), and Rabbi Soloveitchik (cited by Rabbi Herschel Schachter in Nefesh Harav page 196) agree. Orchot Rabbeinu (vol 2, pg 127) quotes the Steipler about not taking a hair cut the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. See also Rav Elashiv (cited by Doleh UMashkeh pg 207-208), Divrei Moshe 1:33, Shevet Halevi 8:168:7 and 10:81:2, Moadim Uzmanim 8:338, and Moadei Yeshurun (pg 128) who agree with this approach. | ||
* However, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:168, 3:100 (at the end), and 4:112(2) permits in cases of great need (such as performing a wedding on Motzei [[Shabbat]] the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz). Igrot Moshe 3:100 adds that since saying [[Shehecheyanu]] is a dispute there's no need to be strict not to say it the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Igrot Moshe 4:112(2) writes for great need one can be lenient to cut one's hair the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Shearim Metsiyunim BeHalacha 122:1 agrees. Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 writes that later Rav Moshe was asked about performing a wedding the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz and he advised doing the Chupah before Shekiyah. Rav Elyashiv (cited by Doleh U’maskhe pg 208 note 557) says that in a pressing situation once can be lenient.</ref> | * However, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:168, 3:100 (at the end), and 4:112(2) permits in cases of great need (such as performing a wedding on Motzei [[Shabbat]] the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz). Igrot Moshe 3:100 adds that since saying [[Shehecheyanu]] is a dispute there's no need to be strict not to say it the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Igrot Moshe 4:112(2) writes for great need one can be lenient to cut one's hair the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Shearim Metsiyunim BeHalacha 122:1 agrees. Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 writes that later Rav Moshe was asked about performing a wedding the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz and he advised doing the Chupah before Shekiyah. Rav Elyashiv (cited by Doleh U’maskhe pg 208 note 557) says that in a pressing situation once can be lenient.</ref> | ||
# If Shiva Asar BeTamuz falls out on [[Shabbat]] and is pushed off to Sunday, then everyone agrees that the practices of mourning begin the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (Motzei [[Shabbat]]). <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe 3:100 (at the end) </ref> | # If Shiva Asar BeTamuz falls out on [[Shabbat]] and is pushed off to Sunday, then everyone agrees that the practices of mourning begin the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (Motzei [[Shabbat]]). <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe 3:100 (at the end) </ref> | ||
==Buying new items== | ==Buying new items== | ||
# During the Three Weeks, one should not buy any clothes which would obligate one to make a Shehecheyanu. <ref>S"A 551:17 writes that it is good not to make a | # During the Three Weeks, one should not buy any clothes which would obligate one to make a Shehecheyanu. <ref>S"A 551:17 writes that it is good not to make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on a new fruit or new clothing during the Three Weeks. | ||
* The Bach 551 writes that because of avoiding situations which would obligate | * The Bach 551 writes that because of avoiding situations which would obligate [[Shehecheyanu]] one shouldn't buy or wear new clothing during the Three Weeks. Kaf HaChaim 551:210 agrees. Mishna Brurah 551:99 only writes that one shouldn't wear the new clothing (and doesn't write not to buy the new clothing). | ||
* Although the Bear Mayim Chaim 7 writes that the only issue is not to make the bracha of | * Although the Bear Mayim Chaim 7 writes that the only issue is not to make the bracha of [[Shehecheyanu]], however, one may eat a new fruit and just not make [[Shehecheyanu]], the Maamer Mordechai 551:14 rejects this idea and doesn't allow eating the new fruit. The Mishna Brurah 551:99 and Kaf HaChaim 551:207 agree with the Maamer Mordechai. </ref> | ||
# If one doesn't have non-leather shoes for Tisha BeAv and one forgot to buy, one may buy them after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. <ref>Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 1:139, Zeh HaShulchan (vol 2, Siman 551), Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe 3:80 </ref> | # If one doesn't have non-leather shoes for Tisha BeAv and one forgot to buy, one may buy them after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. <ref>Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 1:139, Zeh HaShulchan (vol 2, Siman 551), Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe 3:80 </ref> | ||
# If one doesn't have Tefillin or one has the opportunity to buy nicer Tefillin it's permissible to buy them after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. <ref> Zeh HaShulchan (vol 1, Siman 551), Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe OC 3:80 </ref> | # If one doesn't have Tefillin or one has the opportunity to buy nicer Tefillin it's permissible to buy them after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. <ref> Zeh HaShulchan (vol 1, Siman 551), Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein Iggerot Moshe OC 3:80 </ref> | ||
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==Saying Shehecheyanu== | ==Saying Shehecheyanu== | ||
# One should refrain from making a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Ben HaMeysarim. <Ref> S”A 551:17 based on Maharil 31 writes that one should refrain from saying [[Shehecheyanu]] during Ben HaMeysarim. The Magan Avraham 551:42 explains that the reason not to make [[Shehecheyanu]] is because the three weeks is a time of tragedy for Klal Yisrael and it’s improper to have extra joy. However, the Gra D”H VeNohagin understands the practice as based on Aveilut and therefore argues that this is only an extra chumra and one is allowed to make [[Shehecheyanu]] (just like a mourner can make a [[Shehecheyanu]] as in Brachot 59b). The Taz 551:17 agrees to be lenient based on the concern that perhaps if you don’t make the Bracha now you may not be able after the Ben HaMeysarim. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient except on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 551:12 rules like S"A that one should refrain from making | # One should refrain from making a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Ben HaMeysarim. <Ref> S”A 551:17 based on Maharil 31 writes that one should refrain from saying [[Shehecheyanu]] during Ben HaMeysarim. The Magan Avraham 551:42 explains that the reason not to make [[Shehecheyanu]] is because the three weeks is a time of tragedy for Klal Yisrael and it’s improper to have extra joy. However, the Gra D”H VeNohagin understands the practice as based on Aveilut and therefore argues that this is only an extra chumra and one is allowed to make [[Shehecheyanu]] (just like a mourner can make a [[Shehecheyanu]] as in Brachot 59b). The Taz 551:17 agrees to be lenient based on the concern that perhaps if you don’t make the Bracha now you may not be able after the Ben HaMeysarim. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient except on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 551:12 rules like S"A that one should refrain from making [[Shehecheyanu]] during the three weeks. </ref> | ||
# However, a pregnant woman or a sick person is permitted to eat new fruit. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 551:99, Yalkut Yosef 551:13 </ref> | # However, a pregnant woman or a sick person is permitted to eat new fruit. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 551:99, Yalkut Yosef 551:13 </ref> | ||
# On [[Shabbat]] one may make Shehecheyanu. <Ref> Sefer Chasidim 840, Mateh Moshe 697, Yosef Ometz 861, Magan Avraham 551:21,42, Chaye Adam 133:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:37 permit making [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]]. However, the Magan Avraham 551:42 quotes the Kitvei HaArizal who is machmir even on [[Shabbat]]. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one can be lenient regarding making [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] since there’s some are lenient on shechiyanu during all of the three weeks and there’s some who specifically permit [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | # On [[Shabbat]] one may make Shehecheyanu. <Ref> Sefer Chasidim 840, Mateh Moshe 697, Yosef Ometz 861, Magan Avraham 551:21,42, Chaye Adam 133:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:37 permit making [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]]. However, the Magan Avraham 551:42 quotes the Kitvei HaArizal who is machmir even on [[Shabbat]]. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one can be lenient regarding making [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] since there’s some are lenient on shechiyanu during all of the three weeks and there’s some who specifically permit [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
