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Three Weeks: Difference between revisions
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==When does the | ==When does the Three Weeks begin?== | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag is to begin mourning from the fast of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. <ref> Rama 551:2 and 4</ref> There is a dispute whether the practices of mourning begin the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (before the actual fast begins). <ref> Doleh UMashkeh | # The Ashkenazic minhag is to begin mourning from the fast of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. <ref> Rama 551:2 and 4</ref> There is a dispute whether the practices of mourning begin the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (before the actual fast begins). <ref> | ||
* Tzitz Eliezer 10:26 maintains that the mourning practices of the Three Weeks begins the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. He argues that according to some achronim the night of the 17th of tammuz is even stricter than the remainder of the three weeks. Rav Elashiv (cited by Doleh UMashkeh pg 207-208), Rabbi Soloveitchik (cited by Rabbi Herschel Schachter in Nefesh Harav page 196), Natai Gavriel (Ben HaMetzarim, vol 1, 14:5), Chida in Sh"t Chaim Sha’al 1:24, Divrei Moshe 1:33, Eshel Avraham Mebutchatch OC 551:7, Orchot Rabbeinu (vol 2, pg 127), Shevet Halevi 8:168:7 and 10:81:2, Moadim Uzmanim 8:338, Kaf Hachaim 551:207, and Moadei Yeshurun (pg 128) agree. Kaf Hachayim 551:122 says that it begins from sunset unless one says arvit before that, in which case it would start when he says arvit. | |||
* However, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:168, 3:100 (at the end), and 4:112(2) permits in cases of great need (such as performing a wedding on Motzei [[Shabbat]] the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz). Igrot Moshe 3:100 adds that since saying [[Shehecheyanu]] is a dispute there's no need to be strict not to say it the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Igrot Moshe 4:112(2) writes for great need one can be lenient to cut one's hair the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz. Shearim Metsiyunim BeHalacha 122:1 agrees. Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 writes that later Rav Moshe was asked about performing a wedding the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz and he advised doing the Chupah before Shekiyah. Rav Elyashiv (cited by Doleh U’maskhe pg 208 note 557) says that in a pressing situation once can be lenient.</ref> | |||
# If Shiva Asar BeTamuz falls out on [[Shabbat]] and is pushed off to Sunday, then everyone agrees that the practices of mourning begin the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (Motzei [[Shabbat]]). <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe 3:100 (at the end) </ref> | # If Shiva Asar BeTamuz falls out on [[Shabbat]] and is pushed off to Sunday, then everyone agrees that the practices of mourning begin the night of Shiva Asar BeTamuz (Motzei [[Shabbat]]). <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe 3:100 (at the end) </ref> | ||
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# If there is a sale and one will be unable to purchase the same clothing after Tisha B'Av at the sale price, one may make the purchase during the Nine days, but may not wear the clothing until after Tisha B'Av. <ref> Sh"t Kinyan Torah 1:109 quoted in Piskei Tshuvos 551:27 </ref> | # If there is a sale and one will be unable to purchase the same clothing after Tisha B'Av at the sale price, one may make the purchase during the Nine days, but may not wear the clothing until after Tisha B'Av. <ref> Sh"t Kinyan Torah 1:109 quoted in Piskei Tshuvos 551:27 </ref> | ||
# Some poskim permit buying a closet or cabinet while other forbid it. <ref> Torat Hamoadim 5:16 says that buying closets or cabinets doesn't make one joyful and is therefore permitted but Iggerot Moshe 3:82 says a bookshelf does make people happy and is not allowed to be bought. </ref> | # Some poskim permit buying a closet or cabinet while other forbid it. <ref> Torat Hamoadim 5:16 says that buying closets or cabinets doesn't make one joyful and is therefore permitted but Iggerot Moshe 3:82 says a bookshelf does make people happy and is not allowed to be bought. </ref> | ||
# Some poskim permit buying any necessary appliance, such as a refrigerator, washing machine, or bed, to replace one that broke during the Three Weeks <ref> Piskei Teshuvot 551:11. </ref> | # Some poskim permit buying any necessary appliance, such as a refrigerator, washing machine, or bed, to replace one that broke during the Three Weeks. <ref> Piskei Teshuvot 551:11. </ref> | ||
==Weddings== | ==Weddings== | ||
# The Ashkenazic custom is not to get married during the three weeks. <ref> Rama 551:2 and Darchei Moshe 551:5 based on the Sefer Haminhagim, Chayei Adam 133:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1, Hilchot UMinhagei Ben HaMetsarim (Rabbi Moshe Karp) 3:1 </ref> Among Sephardim, some have just the custom not to get married during the nine days (from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av until Tisha BeAv) <ref> S"A 551:2, based on gemara Yevamot 43b, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim, 5748 edition, pg 554, Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 140), Sh"t Yabia Omer OC 6:43 </ref> and some have the custom not to get married the entire three weeks. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Parashat Devarim Halacha 4 based on the Shyarei Knesset hegedola, Sdei Chemed 6 MarechestBein Hametzarim 1:10, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=946 Rabbi Mansour of Daily Halacha] says that this is the Syrian minhag. </ref> It is permitted for an Ashkenazi to attend a sefardi wedding before Rosh Chodesh Av, and they may even dance at the wedding. <ref> Rivevot Ephraim 6:289, Or Litzion 3:25:1 with footnote 1, Teshuvot Vihanhagot 4:128, Nitai Gavriel 14:10:footnote 20. </ref> | # The Ashkenazic custom is not to get married during the three weeks. <ref> Rama 551:2 and Darchei Moshe 551:5 based on the Sefer Haminhagim, Chayei Adam 133:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1, Hilchot UMinhagei Ben HaMetsarim (Rabbi Moshe Karp) 3:1 </ref> Among Sephardim, some have just the custom not to get married during the nine days (from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av until Tisha BeAv) <ref> S"A 551:2, based on gemara Yevamot 43b, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim, 5748 edition, pg 554, Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 140), Sh"t Yabia Omer OC 6:43 </ref> and some have the custom not to get married the entire three weeks. <ref> Ben Ish Chai Parashat Devarim Halacha 4 based on the Shyarei Knesset hegedola, Sdei Chemed 6 MarechestBein Hametzarim 1:10, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=946 Rabbi Mansour of Daily Halacha] says that this is the Syrian minhag. </ref> It is permitted for an Ashkenazi to attend a sefardi wedding before Rosh Chodesh Av, and they may even dance at the wedding. <ref> Rivevot Ephraim 6:289, Or Litzion 3:25:1 with footnote 1, Teshuvot Vihanhagot 4:128, Nitai Gavriel 14:10:footnote 20. </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to become engaged or write tenaim during the Nine Days, and even on Tisha B’Av itself as long as there is no meal to celebrate or music and dancing. <ref> S"A 551:2 with Magen Avraham 551:10, and Mishna Berura 551:16 and 19, Tur 551 in the name of Rav Nissim, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1, Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 551:10, Baer Heitev 551:11, Moed Likol Chai 9:18, Ben Ish | # It is permitted to become engaged or write tenaim during the Nine Days, and even on Tisha B’Av itself as long as there is no meal to celebrate or music and dancing. <ref> S"A 551:2 with Magen Avraham 551:10, and Mishna Berura 551:16 and 19, Tur 551 in the name of Rav Nissim, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:1, Pri Megadim Eshel Avraham 551:10, Baer Heitev 551:11, Moed Likol Chai 9:18, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Devarim 1:5, Chayei Adam 133:8, Aruch Hashulchan 551:8 </ref> Until Rosh Chodesh, one is allowed to celebrate the engagement with a festive meal. <ref> Mishna Berura 551:19 </ref> | ||
Chai Parashat Devarim 1:5, Chayei Adam 133:8, Aruch Hashulchan 551:8 </ref> Until Rosh Chodesh, one is allowed to celebrate the engagement with a festive meal. <ref> Mishna Berura 551:19 </ref> | |||
==Cutting Hair== | ==Cutting Hair== | ||
# According to Ashkenazim it’s forbidden to cut one’s hair for the entire three weeks, however, according to Sephardim one can cut hair until the week of Tisha BeAv. <Ref> The Gemara in Taanit 26b says that one shouldn’t cut one’s hair the week of Tisha BeAv. This Gemara is brought as Halacha by the Rambam (Taaniot 5:6). The Ramban (Torat HaAdam (Aveilut Yishana pg 346) explains that this prohibition applies to all hair on the body except the mustache if it interferes with eating. The Tur and S”A 551:3,12-13 rule like the Ramban that during the week of Tisha BeAv one is forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body except if there’s facial hair interfering with eating. Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 158) writes that this is Sephardic custom. However, Rama 551:4 rules that Ashkenazim should be strict not to cut hair all three weeks like the Sefer Minhagim (pg 74).</ref> | # According to Ashkenazim it’s forbidden to cut one’s hair for the entire three weeks, however, according to Sephardim one can cut hair until the week of Tisha BeAv. <Ref> The Gemara in Taanit 26b says that one shouldn’t cut one’s hair the week of Tisha BeAv. This Gemara is brought as Halacha by the Rambam (Taaniot 5:6). The Ramban (Torat HaAdam (Aveilut Yishana pg 346) explains that this prohibition applies to all hair on the body except the mustache if it interferes with eating. The Tur and S”A 551:3,12-13 rule like the Ramban that during the week of Tisha BeAv one is forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body except if there’s facial hair interfering with eating. Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taniyot pg 158) writes that this is Sephardic custom. However, Rama 551:4 rules that Ashkenazim should be strict not to cut hair all three weeks like the Sefer Minhagim (pg 74).</ref> | ||
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# If one is driving and is scared of falling asleep, he may listen to music. <ref> Or Litzion 3:25:2, Shevet Halevi 8:127:2. </ref> | # If one is driving and is scared of falling asleep, he may listen to music. <ref> Or Litzion 3:25:2, Shevet Halevi 8:127:2. </ref> | ||
===Live A cappella (singing without instruments)=== | ===Live A cappella (singing without instruments)=== | ||
# Some say that one may listen to vocal music (voices singing) during the three weeks but not the 9 days. <Ref> Mekor Chaim 551:1 and Or letzion 3:25:2 write that during the 9 days one shouldn’t listen to even vocal music. This is brought as halacha in the Halachot UMinhagei Ben HaMesarim (by Rabbi Moshe Karp pg 25) and Nachmat Yisrael 3:3. Chazon Ovadyah (pg 151-4) and Torat Hamoadim 5:2 are lenient with vocal song that are praise to Hashem (especially for [[Shabbat]] including [[Shabbat]] Chazon). </ref> | # Some say that one may listen to vocal music (voices singing) during the three weeks but not the 9 days. <Ref> Mekor Chaim 551:1 and Or letzion 3:25:2 write that during the 9 days one shouldn’t listen to even vocal music. This is brought as halacha in the Halachot UMinhagei Ben HaMesarim (by Rabbi Moshe Karp pg 25) and Nachmat Yisrael 3:3. Chazon Ovadyah (pg 151-4) and Torat Hamoadim 5:2 are lenient with vocal song that are praise to Hashem (especially for [[Shabbat]] including [[Shabbat]] Chazon). </ref> | ||
# Many say that it is permissible to sing with one's mouth during the three weeks. <ref> Mekadesh Yisroel (pg 20), Chut Shuni ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 325), Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 3:15, [http://www.thehalacha.com/attach/Volume5/Issue13.pdf Halachically Speaking] (Vol 5, Issue 13, note 46)</ref> | # Many say that it is permissible to sing with one's mouth during the three weeks. <ref> Mekadesh Yisroel (pg 20), Chut Shuni ([[Shabbat]], vol 2, pg 325), Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 3:15, [http://www.thehalacha.com/attach/Volume5/Issue13.pdf Halachically Speaking] (Vol 5, Issue 13, note 46)</ref> | ||
===Non-live A cappella=== | ===Non-live A cappella=== | ||
