Three Weeks: Difference between revisions
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==When does the Three Weeks begin?== | ==When does the Three Weeks begin?== | ||
#The Ashkenazic minhag is to begin [[mourning]] from [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. <ref>Rama 551:2 and 4</ref> | #The Ashkenazic minhag is to begin [[mourning]] from [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. <ref>Rama O.C. 551:2 and 4</ref> | ||
#Many authorities hold that the practices of [[mourning]] begin from the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] (before the actual fast begins). <ref>*The Chida in Sh"t Chaim Sha’al 1:24 writes that one may not make [[Shehecheyanu]] the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. Kaf Hachaim 551:207 agrees. Tzitz Eliezer 10:26 maintains that the one may not make a wedding the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] and bases it on the ruling of the Chida not to say [[Shehecheyanu]] from the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. He add that according to some achronim the night of the 17th of tammuz is as strict as the [[Nine Days]]. In regards to weddings the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]], Eshel Avraham Mebutchatch OC 551, Nitei Gavriel (Bein HaMetzarim, vol 1, 14:5), Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2, 18:5), and Rabbi Soloveitchik (cited by Rabbi Hershel Schachter in Nefesh Harav page 196) agree. Orchot Rabbeinu (vol 2, pg 127) quotes the Steipler about not taking a haircut the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. See also Rav Elyashiv (cited by Doleh UMashkeh pg 207-208), Divrei Moshe 1:33, [[Shevet Halevi]] 8:168:7 and 10:81:2, Moadim Uzmanim 8:338, and Moadei Yeshurun (pg 128) who agree with this approach. | #Many authorities hold that the practices of [[mourning]] begin from the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] (before the actual fast begins). <ref>*The Chida in Sh"t Chaim Sha’al 1:24 writes that one may not make [[Shehecheyanu]] the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. Kaf Hachaim 551:207 agrees. Tzitz Eliezer 10:26 maintains that the one may not make a wedding the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] and bases it on the ruling of the Chida not to say [[Shehecheyanu]] from the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. He add that according to some achronim the night of the 17th of tammuz is as strict as the [[Nine Days]]. In regards to weddings the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]], Eshel Avraham Mebutchatch OC 551, Nitei Gavriel (Bein HaMetzarim, vol 1, 14:5), Halichot Shlomo (Moadim vol 2, 18:5), and Rabbi Soloveitchik (cited by Rabbi Hershel Schachter in Nefesh Harav page 196) agree. Orchot Rabbeinu (vol 2, pg 127) quotes the Steipler about not taking a haircut the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. See also Rav Elyashiv (cited by Doleh UMashkeh pg 207-208), Divrei Moshe 1:33, [[Shevet Halevi]] 8:168:7 and 10:81:2, Moadim Uzmanim 8:338, and Moadei Yeshurun (pg 128) who agree with this approach. | ||
*However, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:168, 3:100 (at the end), and 4:112(2) permits in cases of great need (such as performing a wedding on Motzei [[Shabbat]] the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]). Igrot Moshe 3:100 adds that since saying [[Shehecheyanu]] is a dispute there's no need to be strict not to say it the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. Igrot Moshe 4:112(2) writes for great need one can be lenient to cut one's hair the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. Shearim Metsuyanim BeHalacha 122:1 agrees. Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 writes that later Rav Moshe was asked about performing a wedding the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] and he advised doing the Chupah before [[Shekiyah]]. Rav Elyashiv (cited by Doleh U’mashke pg 208 note 557) says that in a pressing situation once can be lenient.</ref> | *However, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:168, 3:100 (at the end), and 4:112(2) permits in cases of great need (such as performing a wedding on Motzei [[Shabbat]] the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]). Igrot Moshe 3:100 adds that since saying [[Shehecheyanu]] is a dispute there's no need to be strict not to say it the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. Igrot Moshe 4:112(2) writes for great need one can be lenient to cut one's hair the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. Shearim Metsuyanim BeHalacha 122:1 agrees. Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 writes that later Rav Moshe was asked about performing a wedding the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]] and he advised doing the Chupah before [[Shekiyah]]. Rav Elyashiv (cited by Doleh U’mashke pg 208 note 557) says that in a pressing situation once can be lenient.</ref> | ||
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==Eating a New Fruit or Buying New Clothing== | ==Eating a New Fruit or Buying New Clothing== | ||
===Shehechiyanu=== | ===Shehechiyanu=== | ||
# One should refrain from making a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Ben Hamitzarim.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 551:17 based on Maharil 31 writes that one should refrain from saying [[Shehecheyanu]] during Ben HaMeysarim. The Magen Avraham 551:42 explains that the reason not to make [[Shehecheyanu]] is because the three weeks is a time of tragedy for Klal Yisrael and it’s improper to have extra joy. However, the Gra s.v. VeNohagin understands the practice as based on [[Aveilut]] and therefore argues that this is only an extra chumra and one is allowed to make [[Shehecheyanu]] (just like a mourner can make a [[Shehecheyanu]] as in [[Brachot]] 59b). The Taz 551:17 agrees to be lenient based on the concern that perhaps if you don’t make the Bracha now you may not be able after the Ben HaMeysarim. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient except on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 551:12 rules like Shulchan Aruch that one should refrain from making [[Shehecheyanu]] during the three weeks. </ref> | # One should refrain from making a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Ben Hamitzarim.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 551:17 based on Maharil 31 writes that one should refrain from saying [[Shehecheyanu]] during Ben HaMeysarim. The Magen Avraham 551:42 explains that the reason not to make [[Shehecheyanu]] is because the three weeks is a time of tragedy for Klal Yisrael and it’s improper to have extra joy. However, the Gra s.v. VeNohagin understands the practice as based on [[Aveilut]] and therefore argues that this is only an extra chumra and one is allowed to make [[Shehecheyanu]] (just like a mourner can make a [[Shehecheyanu]] as in [[Brachot]] 59b). The Taz 551:17 agrees to be lenient based on the concern that perhaps if you don’t make the Bracha now you may not be able after the Ben HaMeysarim. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient except on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 551:12 rules like Shulchan Aruch that one should refrain from making [[Shehecheyanu]] during the three weeks. </ref> | ||
#One shouldn’t make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, if there is a great need, there’s what to rely on.<ref>Sh”t Sh”t Chaim Shal 1:24, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, Sdei Chemed 5:page 277, Beiur Halacha 551:2 and Ikrei HaDaat O”C 27:9 write that one shouldn’t say [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, Nechamat Yisrael (pg 40) permits in case of great need based on Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:168 (so is explicit in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:100) and Mishnat Yacov (pg 168) permits [[Shehecheyanu]] at night even without any need. </ref> | #One shouldn’t make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, if there is a great need, there’s what to rely on.<ref>Sh”t Sh”t Chaim Shal 1:24, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, Sdei Chemed 5:page 277, Beiur Halacha 551:2 and Ikrei HaDaat O”C 27:9 write that one shouldn’t say [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, Nechamat Yisrael (pg 40) permits in case of great need based on Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:168 (so is explicit in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:100) and Mishnat Yacov (pg 168) permits [[Shehecheyanu]] at night even without any need. </ref> | ||
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===Buying New Clothing=== | ===Buying New Clothing=== | ||
#Since nowadays we don’t make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on buying new clothes but only for wearing new clothes, some permit buying new clothes and some forbid.<ref>Halichot Shlomo pg 411 brings from the Talmidim of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach that it’s permissible to buy new clothes since nowadays we don’t make a Bracha on buying clothes. This is the ruling of Mishna Brurah 551:45 and Kaf Hachayim 551:88, see Nechamet Yisrael pg 40 </ref> | #Since nowadays we don’t make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on buying new clothes but only for wearing new clothes, some permit buying new clothes and some forbid.<ref>Halichot Shlomo pg 411 brings from the Talmidim of Rav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach that it’s permissible to buy new clothes since nowadays we don’t make a Bracha on buying clothes. This is the ruling of Mishna Brurah 551:45 and Kaf Hachayim 551:88, see Nechamet Yisrael pg 40 </ref> | ||
#If one doesn't have non-leather shoes for [[Tisha BeAv]] and one forgot to buy, one may buy them in the [[Nine Days]]. <ref>Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 1:139, Zeh HaShulchan (vol 2, Siman 551), Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 | #If one doesn't have non-leather shoes for [[Tisha BeAv]] and one forgot to buy, one may buy them in the [[Nine Days]]. <ref>Sh"t Halachot Ketanot 1:139, Zeh HaShulchan (vol 2, Siman 551), Iggerot Moshe OC 3:80, Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 </ref> | ||
===Fixing Old Clothing=== | ===Fixing Old Clothing=== | ||
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#If there is a sale and one will be unable to purchase the same clothing after [[Tisha BeAv]] at the sale price, one may buy the item during the [[Nine days]], but may not wear the clothing until after [[Tisha BeAv]]. <ref>Sh"t Kinyan Torah 1:109 quoted in Piskei Tshuvos 551:27 </ref> | #If there is a sale and one will be unable to purchase the same clothing after [[Tisha BeAv]] at the sale price, one may buy the item during the [[Nine days]], but may not wear the clothing until after [[Tisha BeAv]]. <ref>Sh"t Kinyan Torah 1:109 quoted in Piskei Tshuvos 551:27 </ref> | ||
===Tzitzit and Tefillin=== | ===Tzitzit and Tefillin=== | ||
#If one doesn't have [[Tefillin]] or one has the opportunity to buy nicer [[Tefillin]] it's permissible to buy them after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. <ref>Zeh HaShulchan (vol 1, Siman 551), Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 | #If one doesn't have [[Tefillin]] or one has the opportunity to buy nicer [[Tefillin]] it's permissible to buy them even after [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av.<ref>Zeh HaShulchan (vol 1, Siman 551), Iggerot Moshe OC 3:80, Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 </ref> | ||
#One should refrain from buying [[Tzitzit]] or a [[Tallit]] during the three weeks. <ref>Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein writes that one should refrain from buying [[Tzitzis]] or a Talis. Similarly, Or LeArba Asar (pg 81) writes that one should buy and wear it (and make [[Shehecheyanu]]) before the three weeks, however, after the fact if one didn't and one doesn't have as nice a pair one is permitted to wear it. Sh"t Birkat Reuven Shlomo 9:31 agrees. She'elat | #One should refrain from buying [[Tzitzit]] or a [[Tallit]] during the three weeks.<ref>Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein writes that one should refrain from buying [[Tzitzis]] or a Talis. Similarly, Or LeArba Asar (pg 81) writes that one should buy and wear it (and make [[Shehecheyanu]]) before the three weeks, however, after the fact if one didn't and one doesn't have as nice a pair one is permitted to wear it. Sh"t Birkat Reuven Shlomo 9:31 agrees. She'elat Yaavetz 82 says that if your [[tzitzit]] become pasul and you don't have another, you may wear or even purchase a new one to fulfill the mitzva. </ref> | ||
#One should not purchase a new talit gadol as this would require making a Shehecheyanu. However, one can purchase a new tallit katan since Shehecheyanu is not recited on those.<ref>Iggerot Moshe 3:80</ref> One may also purchase a tallit gadol if it doesn't have strings up until Rosh Chodesh Av.<ref>Moadei Yeshurun pg. 129:13b and pg. 152:34 in the name of Rav Moshe</ref> | #One should not purchase a new talit gadol as this would require making a Shehecheyanu. However, one can purchase a new tallit katan since Shehecheyanu is not recited on those.<ref>Iggerot Moshe 3:80</ref> One may also purchase a tallit gadol if it doesn't have strings up until Rosh Chodesh Av.<ref>Moadei Yeshurun pg. 129:13b and pg. 152:34 in the name of Rav Moshe</ref> | ||
===Cars=== | ===Cars=== | ||
#One should refrain from buying a car during the three weeks unless one is buying it primarily for business purposes | #One should refrain from buying a car during the three weeks unless one is buying it primarily for business purposes.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe 3:80, Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375</ref> | ||
#Also, if one's entire family will use it and benefit from it, then one may buy it until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av and make a bracha of HaTov VeHaMetiev instead of [[Shehecheyanu]].<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 3:80, Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375, Nitay Gavriel Page 51 </ref> | #Also, if one's entire family will use it and benefit from it, then one may buy it until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av and make a bracha of HaTov VeHaMetiev instead of [[Shehecheyanu]].<ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe 3:80, Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375, Nitay Gavriel Page 51 </ref> | ||
===Furniture and Appliances=== | ===Furniture and Appliances=== | ||
#Some poskim permit buying a closet or cabinet during the [[Nine Days]], while others forbid it.<ref>Torat Hamoadim 5:16 says that buying closets or cabinets doesn't make one joyful and is therefore permitted but Iggerot Moshe 3:82 says a bookshelf does make people happy and is not allowed to be bought. </ref> | #Some poskim permit buying a closet or cabinet during the [[Nine Days]], while others forbid it.<ref>Torat Hamoadim 5:16 says that buying closets or cabinets doesn't make one joyful and is therefore permitted but Iggerot Moshe 3:82 says a bookshelf does make people happy and is not allowed to be bought. </ref> | ||
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#Dancing is forbidden during the three weeks even not in the context of a joyous occasion. <ref>Magen Avraham 551:10 says explicitly that it is forbidden to dance during the three weeks even if not in the context of a joyous occasion such as an engagement. The Eliya Rabba 551:6, Pri Megadim E"A 551:10, Baer Hetiev 551:11, Mishna Brurah 551:16, Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Devarim no. 5), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 560, Kitzur S”A 551:9), Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 149), Simchat Cohen 162, and Lehorot Natan 10:49 all concur that dancing is forbidden during the three weeks. </ref> | #Dancing is forbidden during the three weeks even not in the context of a joyous occasion. <ref>Magen Avraham 551:10 says explicitly that it is forbidden to dance during the three weeks even if not in the context of a joyous occasion such as an engagement. The Eliya Rabba 551:6, Pri Megadim E"A 551:10, Baer Hetiev 551:11, Mishna Brurah 551:16, Ben Ish Chai (Shana Rishona, Devarim no. 5), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 560, Kitzur S”A 551:9), Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 149), Simchat Cohen 162, and Lehorot Natan 10:49 all concur that dancing is forbidden during the three weeks. </ref> | ||
#Some poskim are lenient to permit dancing at a sheva brachot during the three weeks for someone who got married before the three weeks.<ref>Lehorot Natan 10:49 explains that not dancing during the three weeks is a minhag but making the chatan and kallah happy at sheva brachot is a | #Some poskim are lenient to permit dancing at a sheva brachot during the three weeks for someone who got married before the three weeks.<ref>Lehorot Natan 10:49 explains that not dancing during the three weeks is a minhag but making the chatan and kallah happy at sheva brachot is a biblical or rabbinic obligation.</ref> Other poskim forbid it and even recommend not having a sheva brachot meal.<ref>Keneh Bosem 3:36. Nitai Gavriel (Three Weeks 6:5) cites poskim about this dispute.</ref> | ||
==Swimming== | ==Swimming== | ||
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{{Listening to Music during the Three Weeks}} | {{Listening to Music during the Three Weeks}} | ||
==Meat and Wine== | ==Meat and Wine, Laundry== | ||
#Although there is a practice that a minority of people have not to have meat and wine all of the three weeks, most only refrains from it for the nine days. All of the details are found on the [[Nine_Days#Eating_Meat_and_Drinking_Wine]] page. | #Although there is a practice that a minority of people have not to have meat and wine all of the three weeks, most only refrains from it for the nine days. All of the details are found on the [[Nine_Days#Eating_Meat_and_Drinking_Wine]] page. | ||
#Laundry is permitted during the three weeks until the [[nine days]]. See that page for details. | |||
#Cutting nails is permitted during the three weeks until the [[nine days]]. | |||
#Building and planting is permitted during the three weeks until the [[nine days]]. | |||
#Cutting nails is permitted during the three weeks | |||
# | |||
==Miscellaneous== | ==Miscellaneous== | ||
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===Surgery=== | ===Surgery=== | ||
#One should not schedule surgery for during the 3 weeks, and certainly not during the 9 days, unless the doctor insists that it cannot be postponed. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 551:1, Dirshu Mishna Brura 551:note 128 in the name of Rav Shmuel Vosner, Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 130:footnote 44, Emes Liyaakov 551:footnote 515, Nitei Gavriel 23:8. [http://www.doresh-tzion.co.il/QAShowAnswer.aspx?qaid=97499 Rav Bentzion Mussafi] permits until [[Rosh Chodesh]] to get surgery. see also Chazon Ovadia Arba Ta'aniyot page 128 footnote 2 </ref> | #One should not schedule surgery for during the 3 weeks, and certainly not during the 9 days, unless the doctor insists that it cannot be postponed. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 551:1, Dirshu Mishna Brura 551:note 128 in the name of Rav Shmuel Vosner, Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 130:footnote 44, Emes Liyaakov 551:footnote 515, Nitei Gavriel 23:8. [http://www.doresh-tzion.co.il/QAShowAnswer.aspx?qaid=97499 Rav Bentzion Mussafi] permits until [[Rosh Chodesh]] to get surgery. see also Chazon Ovadia Arba Ta'aniyot page 128 footnote 2 and Halichot Olam vol 2 pg. 134 </ref> | ||
==Haftarot== | ==Haftarot== | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
{{Holidays}} | |||
[[Category:Holidays]] | [[Category:Holidays]] | ||
