3,231
edits
Three Weeks: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
m
Text replacement - "Magan" to "Magen"
m (Text replacement - "Magan" to "Magen") |
|||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
# There is a general prohibition of [[shaving]] during the three weeks just like hair cuts, however, there are several situations which may warrant [[shaving]] which include a person who shaves everyday, [[shaving]] for work, and [[shaving]] for Kavod [[Shabbat]]. As each one of these is a dispute and unclear if it is totally permissible, a person should follow his father’s minhag or ask his local Rabbi for guidance. <ref> | # There is a general prohibition of [[shaving]] during the three weeks just like hair cuts, however, there are several situations which may warrant [[shaving]] which include a person who shaves everyday, [[shaving]] for work, and [[shaving]] for Kavod [[Shabbat]]. As each one of these is a dispute and unclear if it is totally permissible, a person should follow his father’s minhag or ask his local Rabbi for guidance. <ref> | ||
Since S”A 551:12 rules that it’s forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] as a din from the Gemara it would seem clear that it’s forbidden to shave during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. Additionally, Ashkenazim who follow the Rama shouldn’t be able to shave during the entire three weeks as Rama 551:4 writes that the minhagim of the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] apply to the entire three weeks. However, there are several leniencies in the Achronim. | Since S”A 551:12 rules that it’s forbidden to cut any hair on one’s body during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] as a din from the Gemara it would seem clear that it’s forbidden to shave during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. Additionally, Ashkenazim who follow the Rama shouldn’t be able to shave during the entire three weeks as Rama 551:4 writes that the minhagim of the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] apply to the entire three weeks. However, there are several leniencies in the Achronim. | ||
* (1) [[Shaving]] Regularly: | * (1) [[Shaving]] Regularly: Magen Avraham 551:14 explains that the reason the Rama is strict by cutting hair all three week and is lenient by washing clothes (that it should only begin from [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av) is because it wasn’t common to cut hair every week. This Magen Avraham is brought by the Achronim including the Chaye Adam 133:17, and Mishna Brurah 551:32. Additionally, Aruch HaShulchan 551:16 explains that it takes 3 weeks of not cutting hair to make it recognizable that one is in [[mourning]]. Based on this, Shearim Metzuyanim BeHalacha 122:5 says that those who usually shave every 2-3 days should be able to shave since for them it’s just like washing clothes. Rav Ovadyah in Chazon Ovadyah (Vol Arba Taniot pg 162) based on this M”A says that seemingly, Ashkenazim should be allowed to shave for Kavod [[Shabbat]] prior to the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. However, Sh”t Shaar Zekenim pg 88a (quoted by Kaf HaChaim 551:65), Shivilei Dovid 551:4, and Rav Vozner in Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 10:81:3 reject this leniency based on the minhag to be strict for all circumstances. | ||
* (2) Uncomfortable: (a) Rabbi Elazar Melamed in Peninei Halacha (zmanim pg 154-5) writes that if a person shaves everyday it’s very uncomfortable not to shave and it’s similar to S”A 551:13 that permits [[shaving]] a moustache that interferes with eating. (b)Rav Soloveitchik (quoted by Nefesh HaRav, Rav Schachter pg 191 and Shiurei Harav Al Inyanei [[Aveilut]] V'Tisha B'Av, pages 20-21 compared the three weeks to the [[Aveilut]] of a year, the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] (or according to Ashkenazim, from [[Rosh Chodesh]]) compares to the [[Aveilut]] of Shloshim, and [[Tisha BeAv]] itself is like [[Aveilut]] of [[Shiva]]. Accordingly, Rav Schachter writes that one who regularly shaves every day would be allowed to shave everyday until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. (Rav Schachter supports this comparison from Sh”t Panim Meirot 3:37e, and goes so far as to question Sh”t Igrot Moshe Y”D 2:137 who compares the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] to [[Aveilut]] of [[Shiva]].) | * (2) Uncomfortable: (a) Rabbi Elazar Melamed in Peninei Halacha (zmanim pg 154-5) writes that if a person shaves everyday it’s very uncomfortable not to shave and it’s similar to S”A 551:13 that permits [[shaving]] a moustache that interferes with eating. (b)Rav Soloveitchik (quoted by Nefesh HaRav, Rav Schachter pg 191 and Shiurei Harav Al Inyanei [[Aveilut]] V'Tisha B'Av, pages 20-21 compared the three weeks to the [[Aveilut]] of a year, the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] (or according to Ashkenazim, from [[Rosh Chodesh]]) compares to the [[Aveilut]] of Shloshim, and [[Tisha BeAv]] itself is like [[Aveilut]] of [[Shiva]]. Accordingly, Rav Schachter writes that one who regularly shaves every day would be allowed to shave everyday until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. (Rav Schachter supports this comparison from Sh”t Panim Meirot 3:37e, and goes so far as to question Sh”t Igrot Moshe Y”D 2:137 who compares the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] to [[Aveilut]] of [[Shiva]].) | ||
* (3) [[Shaving]] Specifically: Seemingly, from S”A 551:12 all bodily hair can’t be cut including [[shaving]] a beard. However, Sh”t Chatam Sofer Y”D 348 s.v. VeIy Galach writes that the entire prohibition only applies to cutting one’s hair but the poskim never spoke about [[shaving]] facial hair. This chiluk is also made by the Sh”t Nodeh BeYehuda O”C 14. Shearim Metsuyanim BeHalacha 122:5 brings these achronim as halacha for someone who needs to shave for work. | * (3) [[Shaving]] Specifically: Seemingly, from S”A 551:12 all bodily hair can’t be cut including [[shaving]] a beard. However, Sh”t Chatam Sofer Y”D 348 s.v. VeIy Galach writes that the entire prohibition only applies to cutting one’s hair but the poskim never spoke about [[shaving]] facial hair. This chiluk is also made by the Sh”t Nodeh BeYehuda O”C 14. Shearim Metsuyanim BeHalacha 122:5 brings these achronim as halacha for someone who needs to shave for work. | ||
* (4) Monetary loss: (a)Sh”t Maharam Shik Y”D 371 writes that there is what to defend those who it’s difficult to do business with important people without [[shaving]] and during the year they regularly shave every 2-3 days to continue in the three weeks until the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. (b) Sh”t Igrot Moshe C”M 1:93, O”C 4:102, 5:24:9 writes that by losing a business deal or customers that will affect one’s income after [[Tisha BeAv]], one can shave until the week of [[Tisha BeAv]], but during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] itself it’s only permissible to shave if one will not be able to make an income after [[Tisha BeAv]] or without working one needs to borrow money and it’s difficult to find someone to borrow from). (c) Maadenei Shlomo pg 51 brings Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who says that if there’s a chance you’ll lose your job you can shave (even during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]). Halichot Shlomo pg 414 brings Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who says that it’s permissible for a person who is in danger of losing a lot of money or his job may shave during the three weeks. (d)Shearim Metsuyanim BeHalacha brings the Taz 551:1 (brought by Mishna Brurah 551:12) that says nowadays we don’t decrease our business activity during this time since we have to pay government taxes and all income is included in our [[Parnasa]] and therefore here too if there’s a chance of losing [[Parnasa]] that can be considered a concern of loss of money. | * (4) Monetary loss: (a)Sh”t Maharam Shik Y”D 371 writes that there is what to defend those who it’s difficult to do business with important people without [[shaving]] and during the year they regularly shave every 2-3 days to continue in the three weeks until the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]. (b) Sh”t Igrot Moshe C”M 1:93, O”C 4:102, 5:24:9 writes that by losing a business deal or customers that will affect one’s income after [[Tisha BeAv]], one can shave until the week of [[Tisha BeAv]], but during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]] itself it’s only permissible to shave if one will not be able to make an income after [[Tisha BeAv]] or without working one needs to borrow money and it’s difficult to find someone to borrow from). (c) Maadenei Shlomo pg 51 brings Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who says that if there’s a chance you’ll lose your job you can shave (even during the week of [[Tisha BeAv]]). Halichot Shlomo pg 414 brings Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who says that it’s permissible for a person who is in danger of losing a lot of money or his job may shave during the three weeks. (d)Shearim Metsuyanim BeHalacha brings the Taz 551:1 (brought by Mishna Brurah 551:12) that says nowadays we don’t decrease our business activity during this time since we have to pay government taxes and all income is included in our [[Parnasa]] and therefore here too if there’s a chance of losing [[Parnasa]] that can be considered a concern of loss of money. | ||
* <div id="shavingforkavodshabbos"></div> (4) Kavod [[Shabbat]]: (a) Magen Avraham 551:14 and Mishna Brurah 551:32 write that the prohibition of cutting hair applies even for Kavod [[Shabbat]] (unlike [[laundering]] which is relaxed for Kavod [[Shabbat]] for someone who doesn't have other clothes, because people don't cut their hair either way weekly). Yet, Pri Megadim (A”A 551:14) writes that according to Rama one can shave in honor of [[Shabbat]] until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. However, Mateh Yehuda 551:4 writes that even in honor of [[Shabbat]] one can’t shave during the three weeks. (b) On this dispute, Kaf HaChaim 551:66 writes that in this regard in depends on the minhag of the place (to follow the Pri Megadim or not), and Rabbi Moshe Karp in Hilchot UMinhagei Ben HaMeysarim (pg 25) writes that the Pri Megadim was more in line with minhag Ashkenaz than the Mateh Yehuda and there’s a lot to rely on to follow Pri Megadim. (c) Even on the original position of the | * <div id="shavingforkavodshabbos"></div> (4) Kavod [[Shabbat]]: (a) Magen Avraham 551:14 and Mishna Brurah 551:32 write that the prohibition of cutting hair applies even for Kavod [[Shabbat]] (unlike [[laundering]] which is relaxed for Kavod [[Shabbat]] for someone who doesn't have other clothes, because people don't cut their hair either way weekly). Yet, Pri Megadim (A”A 551:14) writes that according to Rama one can shave in honor of [[Shabbat]] until [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av. However, Mateh Yehuda 551:4 writes that even in honor of [[Shabbat]] one can’t shave during the three weeks. (b) On this dispute, Kaf HaChaim 551:66 writes that in this regard in depends on the minhag of the place (to follow the Pri Megadim or not), and Rabbi Moshe Karp in Hilchot UMinhagei Ben HaMeysarim (pg 25) writes that the Pri Megadim was more in line with minhag Ashkenaz than the Mateh Yehuda and there’s a lot to rely on to follow Pri Megadim. (c) Even on the original position of the Magen Avraham, the Hagahot Rabbi Akiva Eiger and Beiur Halacha 551:3 s.v. VeChen (based on Tosfot Tanit and the Yerushalmi) argue that cutting hair should be permissible for Kavod [[Shabbat]] even for [[Shabbat]] Chazon. [However, the Rishonim themselves don’t all agree with Tosfot including the Kol Bo (quoted in Bet Yosef 551:4) who wouldn’t shave before [[Shabbat]] chazon and the Bet Yosef (who argues on Tosfot that it’s impossible to think that it’s permissible to cut hair on [[Tisha BeAv]] for Kavod [[Shabbat]]).] (d) Ashkenazim: Sh”t Ner Ezra (vol 2 pg 155-8) concludes that one can be lenient to shave for Kavod [[Shabbat]] and quotes Rav Aharon Lichtenstein who agrees. [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5762/pinchas.html Weekly Parsha Halacha by Rabbi Neustadt] writes that since many do shave regularly (more than once a week) there is a basis for the lenient minhag (based on the logic of the Magen Avraham). Nonetheless, the Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 42:52 writes simply like the Mishna Brurah not to shave during the three weeks even for Kavod [[Shabbat]]. (e)Sephardim: Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Sh"t Yachava Daat 3:39, Sh”t Yabia Omer 3:31:5; Chazon Ovadyah pg 162) writes that there is what to rely on to shave Friday of [[Shabbat]] Chazon if ones beard is uncomfortable, and certainly there’s what to rely on for Ashkenazim to shave for Kavod [[Shabbat]] during the rest of the three weeks. (e) Someone in doubt: Rabbi Rabinowitz (quoted in Peninei Halacha by 156) says that a person should follow the minhag of his father so as not to appear more lenient or strict that his father. </ref> | ||
# A mourner who completed his [[mourning]] period during the Three Weeks, may take a haircut and a shave until [[Rosh Chodesh]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 551:87, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:14 </ref> | # A mourner who completed his [[mourning]] period during the Three Weeks, may take a haircut and a shave until [[Rosh Chodesh]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 551:87, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:14 </ref> | ||
# Women may shave their legs if necessary. <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 128 note 9, Kitzur Hilchot Bein hametzarim page 4. </ref> | # Women may shave their legs if necessary. <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 128 note 9, Kitzur Hilchot Bein hametzarim page 4. </ref> | ||
==Dancing== | ==Dancing== | ||
# Dancing is forbidden during the three weeks. <Ref> | # Dancing is forbidden during the three weeks. <Ref> Magen Avraham 551:10 says that it is forbidden to dance during the three weeks. This is brought as Halacha in the Achronim including Eliya Rabba 551:6, Baer Hetiev 551:11, Mishna Brurah 551:16, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 560, Kitzur S”A 551:9), and Chazon Ovadyah (Arba Taaniyot pg 149). </ref> | ||
==Swimming and Bathing== | ==Swimming and Bathing== | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
==Saying Shehecheyanu== | ==Saying Shehecheyanu== | ||
# One should refrain from making a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Ben Hamitzarim. <Ref> S”A 551:17 based on Maharil 31 writes that one should refrain from saying [[Shehecheyanu]] during Ben HaMeysarim. The | # One should refrain from making a [[Shehecheyanu]] during the Ben Hamitzarim. <Ref> S”A 551:17 based on Maharil 31 writes that one should refrain from saying [[Shehecheyanu]] during Ben HaMeysarim. The Magen Avraham 551:42 explains that the reason not to make [[Shehecheyanu]] is because the three weeks is a time of tragedy for Klal Yisrael and it’s improper to have extra joy. However, the Gra s.v. VeNohagin understands the practice as based on [[Aveilut]] and therefore argues that this is only an extra chumra and one is allowed to make [[Shehecheyanu]] (just like a mourner can make a [[Shehecheyanu]] as in [[Brachot]] 59b). The Taz 551:17 agrees to be lenient based on the concern that perhaps if you don’t make the Bracha now you may not be able after the Ben HaMeysarim. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one shouldn’t be lenient except on [[Shabbat]]. Yalkut Yosef 551:12 rules like Shulchan Aruch that one should refrain from making [[Shehecheyanu]] during the three weeks. </ref> | ||
# However, a pregnant woman or a sick person is permitted to eat new fruit. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 551:99, Yalkut Yosef 551:13 </ref> | # However, a pregnant woman or a sick person is permitted to eat new fruit. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 551:99, Yalkut Yosef 551:13 </ref> | ||
# On [[Shabbat]] one may make [[Shehecheyanu]]. <Ref> Sefer Chasidim 840, Mateh Moshe 697, Yosef Ometz 861, | # On [[Shabbat]] one may make [[Shehecheyanu]]. <Ref> Sefer Chasidim 840, Mateh Moshe 697, Yosef Ometz 861, Magen Avraham 551:21,42, Chaye Adam 133:8, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2, Sh"t Yechave Daat 1:37 permit making [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]]. However, the Magen Avraham 551:42 quotes the Kitvei HaArizal who is machmir even on [[Shabbat]]. Mishna Brurah 551:98 concludes that one can be lenient regarding making [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] since there’s some are lenient on [[shechiyanu]] during all of the three weeks and there’s some who specifically permit [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
# On [[Shabbat]] Chazon one shouldn’t wear new clothes. <Ref> Eliyah Rabba 551:17 in name of Madenei [[Yom Tov]] that one should wear new clothes even on [[Shabbat]] during the three weeks because wearing new clothes has a special aspect of happiness (greater than eating a new fruit). This is also the opinion of the Chaye Adam 133:14, Derech HaChaim 551:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2 not to wear new clothes all three weeks including [[Shabbat]]. However, Aruch HaShulchan 551:38 writes that one can make [[Shehecheyanu]] before [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av and afterwards one shouldn’t make [[Shehecheyanu]] even on [[Shabbat]] Chazon. Additionally, Mishna Brurah 551:45 writes that even those who are lenient to make [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] will agree to be strict on [[Shabbat]] Chazon not to wear new clothes (which has a special element of happiness that a new fruit doesn’t have). Sh”t Yechave Daat 1:37 and Torat HaMoadim 5:7 concurs to the opinion of Mishna Brurah. </ref> | # On [[Shabbat]] Chazon one shouldn’t wear new clothes. <Ref> Eliyah Rabba 551:17 in name of Madenei [[Yom Tov]] that one should wear new clothes even on [[Shabbat]] during the three weeks because wearing new clothes has a special aspect of happiness (greater than eating a new fruit). This is also the opinion of the Chaye Adam 133:14, Derech HaChaim 551:6 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 122:2 not to wear new clothes all three weeks including [[Shabbat]]. However, Aruch HaShulchan 551:38 writes that one can make [[Shehecheyanu]] before [[Rosh Chodesh]] Av and afterwards one shouldn’t make [[Shehecheyanu]] even on [[Shabbat]] Chazon. Additionally, Mishna Brurah 551:45 writes that even those who are lenient to make [[Shehecheyanu]] on [[Shabbat]] will agree to be strict on [[Shabbat]] Chazon not to wear new clothes (which has a special element of happiness that a new fruit doesn’t have). Sh”t Yechave Daat 1:37 and Torat HaMoadim 5:7 concurs to the opinion of Mishna Brurah. </ref> | ||
# One shouldn’t make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]], however, is there’s great need, there’s what to rely on. <Ref> Sh”t Sh”t Chaim Shal 1:24, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, Sdei Chemed 5:page 277, Beiur Halacha 551:2 and Ikrei HaDaat O”C 27:9 write that one shouldn’t say [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, Nechamat Yisrael (pg 40) permits in case of great need based on Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:168 (so is explicit in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:100) and Mishnat Yacov (pg 168) permits [[Shehecheyanu]] at night even without any need. </ref> | # One shouldn’t make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]], however, is there’s great need, there’s what to rely on. <Ref> Sh”t Sh”t Chaim Shal 1:24, Kaf HaChaim 551:207, Sdei Chemed 5:page 277, Beiur Halacha 551:2 and Ikrei HaDaat O”C 27:9 write that one shouldn’t say [[Shehecheyanu]] on the night of [[Shiva Asar BeTamuz]]. However, Nechamat Yisrael (pg 40) permits in case of great need based on Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:168 (so is explicit in Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 3:100) and Mishnat Yacov (pg 168) permits [[Shehecheyanu]] at night even without any need. </ref> | ||
